平安竹叶片缩小的细胞学观察
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摘要
【目的】解析平安竹叶片缩小的细胞学机制。【方法】对平安竹叶片的石蜡切片进行细胞学结构观察,用Gilies方程精确描述叶片外轮廓。【结果】平安竹叶片在长度、宽度、厚度及数目上显著小于其原种矢竹;但数学建模结果表明平安竹叶片形态与矢竹相似,均可以用Gilies方程精确描述;进一步解剖学观察发现,平安竹叶片多数细胞外观形态与矢竹类似,但泡状细胞形态极不规则;量化分析发现其叶表皮细胞在长与宽上均与矢竹类似,但细胞数目明显减少;纤维细胞相比于矢竹既短且宽。【结论】细胞数目变少及细胞变小是平安竹叶片缩小的细胞学原因。
【Objective】This work was conducted to elucidate the cellular mechanism underlying the leaf-size reduction of Pseudosasa japonica var. tsutsumiana. 【Method】Microscopic observations of paraffin sections were used to compare the cell morphology. The Gielis formula was used to precisely analyze the morphologies of the leaf blades of P. japonica var. tsutsumiana and P. japonica. 【Result】The width, length and thickness of the P. japonica var. tsutsumiana leaf are significantly smaller than those of P. japonica. However, leaves of both P. japonica var. tsutsumiana and P. japonica could be precisely described by the Gielis formula. The anatomical analysis indicated that most of the leaf cell morphologies of P. japonica var. tsutsumiana are similar to those of P. japonica, except for the bulliform cells, which exhibit an extremely irregular morphology. Cellular analysis discovered that the width and length of the epidermis cells of P. japonica var. tsutsumiana are similar to those of P. japonica, but the cell number of the former is significantly smaller than that of the latter. Additionally, the fiber cells of P. japonica var. tsutsumiana are shorter but wider than those of P. japonica. 【Conclusion】The reduction in the size and number of cells results in the leaf size reduction of P. japonica var. tsutsumiana.
【Objective】This work was conducted to elucidate the cellular mechanism underlying the leaf-size reduction of Pseudosasa japonica var. tsutsumiana. 【Method】Microscopic observations of paraffin sections were used to compare the cell morphology. The Gielis formula was used to precisely analyze the morphologies of the leaf blades of P. japonica var. tsutsumiana and P. japonica. 【Result】The width, length and thickness of the P. japonica var. tsutsumiana leaf are significantly smaller than those of P. japonica. However, leaves of both P. japonica var. tsutsumiana and P. japonica could be precisely described by the Gielis formula. The anatomical analysis indicated that most of the leaf cell morphologies of P. japonica var. tsutsumiana are similar to those of P. japonica, except for the bulliform cells, which exhibit an extremely irregular morphology. Cellular analysis discovered that the width and length of the epidermis cells of P. japonica var. tsutsumiana are similar to those of P. japonica, but the cell number of the former is significantly smaller than that of the latter. Additionally, the fiber cells of P. japonica var. tsutsumiana are shorter but wider than those of P. japonica. 【Conclusion】The reduction in the size and number of cells results in the leaf size reduction of P. japonica var. tsutsumiana.
引文
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[16] LAURIE G S,SARAH H,ANNE W S.The tangled-1 mutation alters cell division orientations throughout maize leaf development without altering leaf shape[J].Development,1996,122:481-489.
[2] SUN J,XUN H,YU J,et al.Chemical constituents and antibacterial properties of Indocalamus latifolius McClure leaves,the packaging material for "Zongzi"[J].Molecules,2015,20(9):15686-15700.DOI:10.3390/molecules200915686.
[3] 邵莹,吴启南,周婧,等.淡竹叶黄酮对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用[J].中国药理学通报,2013(2):241-247.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1978.2013.02.22.SHAO Y,WU Q N,ZHOU J,et al.Protective effects of total flavones from Lophatherum gracile on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats [J].Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin,2013,2:241-247.
[4] 丁雨龙,赵奇僧,陈志银,等.竹叶结构的比较解剖及其对系统分类意义的评价[J].南京林业大学学报,1994,36 (3):1-6.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1978.2013.02.22.DING Y L,ZHAO Q S,CHEN Z Y,et al.Studies on the comparative anatomy of bamboo leaves and its significance for bamboo systematic taxonomy[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University,1994,36 (3):1-6.
[5] YANG H Y,XIA X W,FANG W,et al.Identification of genes involved in spontaneous leaf color variation in Pseudosasa japonica[J].Genet Mol Res,2015,14(4):11827-11840.
[6] 杨海芸.花叶矢竹叶色变异机理研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.YANG H Y.Study on mechanism of spontaneous leaf color variation of Pseudosasa japonica f.[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2015.
[7] LIN S,ZHANG L,REDDY GVP,et al.A geometrical model for testing bilateral symmetry of bamboo leaf with a simplified Gielis equation[J].Ecology and Evolution,2016,6(19):6798-6806.DOI:10.1002/ece3.2407
[8] 魏强,丁雨龙.矢竹地下茎转录组测序及节间生长相关基因表达分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(5):42-48.DOI:1000-2006(2017)05-0042-07.WEI Q,DING Y L.Transcriptome sequencing,de novo assembly and expression analysis of several genes related to internode development in Pseudosasa japonica [J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition),2017,41(5):42-48.
[9] 何奇江,童晓青,叶华琳,等.辣韭矢竹的出笋及幼竹生长节律[J].林业科学,2007,43(6):143-145.DOI:1001-7488(2007)06-0143-03.HE Q J,TONG X Q,YE H L,et al.Shooting and growth rhythm of Pseudosasa japonica var.tsutsumian [J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2007,43(6):143-145.
[10] 林树燕,丁雨龙.平安竹抗旱生理指标的测定[J].林业科技开发,2006,20(1):40-41.DOI:0.3969/j.issn.1000-8101.2006.01.013.LIN S Y,DING Y L.The physiological responds to drought stress of Pseudosasa japonica [J].China Forestry Science and Technology,2006,20(1):40-41.
[11] 王光萍,黄敏仁.日本平安竹的组织培养及快速繁殖[J].植物生理学通讯,2002,38 (1):47.DOI:10.13592/j.cnki.ppj.2002.01.022WANG G P,HUANG M R.Tissue culture and rapid propagation of Pseudosasa japonica cv.tsutsumiana [J].Plant Physiology Communications,2002,38 (1):47.
[12] 林树燕,丁雨龙.电导法对7种观赏竹的抗寒性测定[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(1):34-38.DOI:1001-7461(2008)01-0034-05.LIN S Y,DING Y L.Establishment of cold resistance of 7 ornamental bamboo species by electric conductivity [J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2008,23(1):34-38.
[13] WEI Q,JIAO C,DING Y L,et al.Cellular and molecular characterizations of a slow-growth variant provide insights into the fast growth of bamboo[J].Tree Physiology,2018,38(4):641-654.DOI:10.1093/treephys/tpx129.
[14] GIELIS J,GERATS T.A botanical perspective on modeling plants and plant shapes in computer graphics[M].Orlando:Int Inst Informatics & Systemics,2004,265-272.
[15]GIELIS J.A generic geometric transformation that unifies a wide range of natural and abstract shapes[J].American Journal of Botany,2003,90(3):333-338.DOI:10.3732/ajb.90.3.333.
[16] LAURIE G S,SARAH H,ANNE W S.The tangled-1 mutation alters cell division orientations throughout maize leaf development without altering leaf shape[J].Development,1996,122:481-489.