宝兰客运专线洪亮营隧道滑坡成因机制探讨
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摘要
根据现场调查和资料分析,认为洪亮营隧道滑坡属铁路隧道施工引发的工程滑坡,滑坡总方量约1.82×10~5 m~3,滑坡类型为黄土错落性滑坡,结合其形态和微地貌特征,可将滑坡从平面上划分为滑壁变形区、牵引滑体、主滑体、右侧次滑体和左侧次滑体5个区域.洪亮营隧道斜坡属自然形成的黄土斜坡,研究认为人类工程对斜坡的开挖扰动和路基施工中强夯形成的循环荷载是滑坡的主要引发因素.对滑坡的形成机理和过程可概括为4个阶段:开挖应力调整阶段、蠕滑剪切和拉裂阶段、锁固剪断和错落阶段、侧向分离扩展阶段,滑坡形成了垂直运动距离大于水平运动距离的错落性滑动,破坏了隧洞并封闭了洞口.采用有限元法对滑坡的变形进行了模拟,结果很好地反映了滑坡体内的变形场、应力场及破坏区分布,这样有助于更加客观、全面地对滑坡稳定性进行评判.
The landslides was classified to a typical scattered-type loess landslide with a total volume of some1.82×10~6m~3.Based on field investigation,according to its morphology and micro-geomorphic features,the landslide could be divided into 5 regions in the plane:the sliding wall deformation area,the traction sliding area,main landslide area,the right side sliding area and the left side sliding area.According to the kinetic characteristics of landslide,the formation mechanism of landslide could be summarized into four stages,namely the excavation stress adjustment stage,the creep shear and tensile breaking stage,the locking broken and scattered stage,the lateral separation and expansion stage.The study found out that the vertical sliding distance was greater than the horizontal distance which formed scattered sliding and blocked up the tunnel.The deformation were simulated with finite element model,the result reflected the deformation field,stress field and the distribution of broken areas well.The stability of the landslide could be calculated more objectively and more systematically.
The landslides was classified to a typical scattered-type loess landslide with a total volume of some1.82×10~6m~3.Based on field investigation,according to its morphology and micro-geomorphic features,the landslide could be divided into 5 regions in the plane:the sliding wall deformation area,the traction sliding area,main landslide area,the right side sliding area and the left side sliding area.According to the kinetic characteristics of landslide,the formation mechanism of landslide could be summarized into four stages,namely the excavation stress adjustment stage,the creep shear and tensile breaking stage,the locking broken and scattered stage,the lateral separation and expansion stage.The study found out that the vertical sliding distance was greater than the horizontal distance which formed scattered sliding and blocked up the tunnel.The deformation were simulated with finite element model,the result reflected the deformation field,stress field and the distribution of broken areas well.The stability of the landslide could be calculated more objectively and more systematically.
引文
[1]单留毅.宝(鸡)兰(州)客运专线天水至定西段不良地质地段选线[J].铁道勘察,2010,36(3):53-56.
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[19]张社荣,谭尧升,王超,等.强降雨特性对饱和-非饱和边坡失稳破坏的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(S2):4102-4112.
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[21]吴玮江,王念秦.黄土滑坡的基本类型与活动特征[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2002,13(2):36-40.
[22]章健,杜斌,李小豹,等.错落式黄土滑坡运动学模型[J].山西建筑,2010,36(16):73-75.
[23]李滨,殷跃平,吴树仁,等.多级旋转黄土滑坡基本类型及特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(5):703-711.
[24]李保雄,李永进.兰州马兰黄土的工程地质特性[J].甘肃科学学报,2003,15(3):31-34.
[25]王念秦,张倬元.黄土滑坡灾害研究[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,2005:127-130.
[26]许领,戴福初,邝国麟,等.台缘裂缝发育特征、成因机制及其对黄土渭坡的意义[J].地质论评,2009,55(1):85-91.
[27]吴玮江,谌文武,宋丙辉,等.兰州原状Q2黄土剪切试验研究[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2012,48(6):21-25.
[28]连镇营,韩国城,孔宪京,等.强度折减有限元法研究开挖边坡的稳定性[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(4):407-411.
[29]王念秦,罗东海,姚勇,等.马兰黄土动强度及其微结构变化实验[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(4):467-471.
[30]倪永军,滕忻利,张雪峰,等.强夯地振动统计分析与评价[J].北京交通大学学报:自然科学版,2008,32(4):78-82.
[31]杨喆,袁金辉,任权,等.循环荷载诱发黄土滑坡的机理研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(5):67-71.
[2]Terzashi K,Peek R B.Soil mechanics in engineering practice[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1948:4-10.
[3]Sasaa K.The mechanism starting liquefied landslides and debris flows[C]//Proceeding 4th International Symposium on Landslides,Rotterdam:A A Balkema Publishers,1984:349-354.
[4]Hutchinson J N.General report:morphological and geotechnical parameters of landslides in relation to geology and hydrogeology[C]//Proceeding 5th International Symposium on Landslides,Lausanne:A A Balkema Publishers,1988:3-35.
[5]Lemueil S.Natural slopes and cuts:movement and failure mechanisms[J].Geotechnique,2001,51(3):197-243.
[6]吴玮江.季节性冻融作用与斜坡整体变形破坏[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1996,7(4):59-64.
[7]徐邦栋.滑坡分析与防治[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001:36-40.
[8]晏同珍.水文工程地质与环境保护[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1994:46-53.
[9]徐峻龄.再论高速滑坡的闸门效应及其运动特征[J].中国地质灾害防治学报,1997,8(4):23-27.
[10]胡广韬.滑坡动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1995:96-102.
[11]高根树,张成恭.大型高速滑坡滑动机理[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1993,3(1):31-34.
[12]王家鼎,刘悦.高速黄土滑坡蠕、滑动液化机理的进一步研究[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,1999,19(1):79-81.
[13]王家鼎,张倬元.地震诱发高速黄土滑坡的机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(6):670-674.
[14]张振中.黄土地震灾害预测[M].北京:地震出版社,1999:79-84.
[15]李媛,吴奇.孟家山黄土一红层接触面滑坡破坏机理研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2001,28(1):52-54.
[16]金艳丽,戴福初.灌溉诱发黄土滑坡机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(10):1493-1499.
[17]朱海军,周创兵.岩土体三维非线性渗流有限无数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(18):3076-3080.
[18]李新平,郭运华,彭元平,等.基于FLAC 3D的改进边坡极限状态确定方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(S2):5287-5291.
[19]张社荣,谭尧升,王超,等.强降雨特性对饱和-非饱和边坡失稳破坏的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(S2):4102-4112.
[20]闫广天.基于ABAQUS的滑坡稳定性分析及防治效果研究[J].山西建筑,2012,38(17):68-70.
[21]吴玮江,王念秦.黄土滑坡的基本类型与活动特征[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2002,13(2):36-40.
[22]章健,杜斌,李小豹,等.错落式黄土滑坡运动学模型[J].山西建筑,2010,36(16):73-75.
[23]李滨,殷跃平,吴树仁,等.多级旋转黄土滑坡基本类型及特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(5):703-711.
[24]李保雄,李永进.兰州马兰黄土的工程地质特性[J].甘肃科学学报,2003,15(3):31-34.
[25]王念秦,张倬元.黄土滑坡灾害研究[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,2005:127-130.
[26]许领,戴福初,邝国麟,等.台缘裂缝发育特征、成因机制及其对黄土渭坡的意义[J].地质论评,2009,55(1):85-91.
[27]吴玮江,谌文武,宋丙辉,等.兰州原状Q2黄土剪切试验研究[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2012,48(6):21-25.
[28]连镇营,韩国城,孔宪京,等.强度折减有限元法研究开挖边坡的稳定性[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(4):407-411.
[29]王念秦,罗东海,姚勇,等.马兰黄土动强度及其微结构变化实验[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(4):467-471.
[30]倪永军,滕忻利,张雪峰,等.强夯地振动统计分析与评价[J].北京交通大学学报:自然科学版,2008,32(4):78-82.
[31]杨喆,袁金辉,任权,等.循环荷载诱发黄土滑坡的机理研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(5):67-71.