皮肤黑色素形成机理与干预机制
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摘要
皮肤黑色素形成机理与美白研究息息相关,综述了皮肤黑色素的形成机理及其在细胞水平上的调控,同时也对黑色素的干预机制,包括黑色素合成通路、运输路径、分解及代谢和内外因素干预调节多方面进行深入分析。最后,对皮肤黑色素未来研究趋势进行展望。
The mechanism of skin melanin formation is closely related to the study of whitening. Therefore, the formation mechanism of skin melanin and its regulation at the cellular level were reviewed. The intervention mechanism of melanin, including the synthesis pathway, transportation pathway, decomposition and metabolism, and the intervention and regulation of internal and external factors were also deeply analyzed. Finally, the future research trend of skin melanin was prospected.
The mechanism of skin melanin formation is closely related to the study of whitening. Therefore, the formation mechanism of skin melanin and its regulation at the cellular level were reviewed. The intervention mechanism of melanin, including the synthesis pathway, transportation pathway, decomposition and metabolism, and the intervention and regulation of internal and external factors were also deeply analyzed. Finally, the future research trend of skin melanin was prospected.
引文
[1]Rodríguez C I,Setaluri V.Cyclic AMP(cAMP)signaling in melanocytes and melanoma[J].Archives of Biochemistry&Biophysics,2014,563:22-27.
[2]Liu J,Fukunagakalabis M,Li L,et al.Developmental pathways activated in melanocytes and melanoma[J].Archives of Biochemistry&Biophysics,2014,563:13-21.
[3]Mohamed Abou-Elwafa A,Gopal P,Stuart H.Evaluation of3D-human skin equivalents for assessment of human dermal absorption of some brominated flame retardants[J].Environment International,2015,84:64-70.
[4]Costin G E,Hearing V J.Human skin pigmentation:melanocytes modulate skin color in response to stress[J].Faseb Journal,2007,21(4):976-994.
[5]Cicero A L,Delevoye C,Gillesmarsens F,et al.Exosomes released by keratinocytes modulate melanocyte pigmentation[J].Nature Communications,2015(6):7506.
[6]Vashi N A,Kundu R V.Facial hyperpigmentation:causes and treatment[J].British Journal of Dermatology,2013,169(S3):41-56.
[7]Bora Kim,JeeYoung Lee,HaYeon Lee,et al.Hesperidin suppresses melanosome transport by blocking the interaction of rab27A-melanophilin[J].Biomolecules&Therapeutics,2013,21(5):343-348.
[8]Chen Y S,Lee S M,Lin C C,et al.Hispolon decreases melanin production and induces apoptosis in melanoma cells through the downregulation of tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor(MITF)expressions and the activation of caspase-3,-8 and-9[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2014,15(1):1201-1215.
[9]Yin L,Coelho S G,Valencia J C,et al.Identification of genes expressed in hyperpigmented skin using meta-analysis of microarray data sets[J].Journal of Investigative Dermatology,2015,135(10):2455-2463.
[10]Imokawa G,Ishida K.Inhibitors of intracellular signaling pathways that lead to stimulated epidermal pigmentation:perspective of antipigmenting agents[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2014,15(5):8293-8315.
[11]Boissy R E.Melanosome transfer to and translocation in the keratinocyte[J].Experimental Dermatology,2010,12(S2):5-12.
[12]Guo J,Zhang J F,Wang W M,et al.MicroRNA-218 inhibits melanogenesis by directly suppressing microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression[J].Rna Biology,2014,11(6):732-741.
[13]Han Jiyeon,Lee Eunkyung,Kim EunJoo,et al.Role of epidermalγδT‐cell‐derived interleukin 13 in the skin‐whitening effect of Ginsenoside F1[J].Experimental Dermatology,2015,23(11):860-862.
[14]Ando H,Ichihashi M,Hearing V J.Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in regulating skin pigmentation[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2009,10(10):4428.
[15]Kim J Y,Shin J Y,Kim M R,et al.siRNA-mediated knock-down of COX-2 in melanocytes suppresses melanogenesis[J].Experimental Dermatology,2012,21(6):420-425.
[16]Gillbro J M,Olsson M J.The melanogenesis and mechanisms of skin‐lightening agents-existing and new approaches[J].Int J Cosmet Sci,2011,33(3):210-221.
[17]Ando H,Kondoh H,Ichihashi M,et al.Approaches to identify inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis via the quality control of tyrosinase[J].Journal of Investigative Dermatology,2007,127(4):751-761.
[18]Saeki H,Oikawa A.Synthesis and degradation of tyrosinase in cultured melanoma cells[J].Journal of Cellular Physiology,1980,104(2):171.
[19]Martínez-Esparza M,Jiménez-Cervantes C,Beermann F,et al.Transforming growth factor-beta1 inhibits basal melanogenesis in B16/F10 mouse melanoma cells by increasing the rate of degradation of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1997,272(7):3967-3972.
[20]Martínez-Esparza M,Jiménez-Cervantes C,Solano F,et al.Mechanisms of melanogenesis inhibition by tumor necrosis factor‐αin B16/F10 mouse melanoma cells[J].Febs Journal,2010,255(1):139-146.
[21]Andrés R M,Montesinos M C,Navalón P,et al.NF-κB and STAT3 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in psoriasis:in vitro and in vivo effects of BTH[J].J Invest Dermatol,2013,133(10):2362-2371.
[22]Wang J,Weng Y,Zhang M,et a1.BMP9 inhibits the growth and migration of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells in a bone marrow stromal cellderived microenvironment through the MAPK/ERK and NF-κB pathways[J].Oncol Rep,2016,36(1):410-418.
[23]Park S Y,Jin M L,Kim Y H,et al.Aromatic-turmerone inhibitsα-MSH and IBMX-induced melanogenesis by inactivating CREB and MITF signaling pathways[J].Archives of Dermatological Research,2011,303(10):737-744.
[24]Lee W J,Rhee d Y,Bang S H,et al.The natural yeast extract isolated by ethanol precipitation inhibits melanin synthesis by modulating tyrosinase activity and downregulating melanosome transfer[J].Journal of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan,2015,79(9):1504-1511.
[25]Chang T S.Natural melanogenesis inhibitors acting through the downregulation of tyrosinase activity[J].Materials,2012,5(9):1661.
[26]Diwakar G,Klump V,Lazova R,et al.Evidence for glycosylation as a regulator of the pigmentary system:key roles of sialyl(α2-6)gal/GalNAc-terminated glycans in melanin synthesis and transfer[J].Glycoconjugate Journal,2015,32(6):413-420.
[27]Kim D W,Jeon B J,Hwang N H,et al.Adipose-derived stem cells inhibit epidermal melanocytes through an interleukin-6-mediated mechanism[J].Plastic&Reconstructive Surgery,2014,134(3):470-480.
[28]Duval C,Chagnoleau C,Pouradier F,et al.Human skin model containing melanocytes:essential role of keratinocyte growth factor for constitutive pigmentation-functional response toα-melanocyte stimulating hormone and forskolin[J].Tissue Engineering Part CMethods,2012,18(12):947.
[29]Choi W,Kolbe L,Hearing V J.Characterization of the bioactive motif of neuregulin-1,a fibroblast-derived paracrine factor that regulates the constitutive color and the function of melanocytes in human skin[J].Pigment Cell&Melanoma Research,2012,25(4):477-481.
[2]Liu J,Fukunagakalabis M,Li L,et al.Developmental pathways activated in melanocytes and melanoma[J].Archives of Biochemistry&Biophysics,2014,563:13-21.
[3]Mohamed Abou-Elwafa A,Gopal P,Stuart H.Evaluation of3D-human skin equivalents for assessment of human dermal absorption of some brominated flame retardants[J].Environment International,2015,84:64-70.
[4]Costin G E,Hearing V J.Human skin pigmentation:melanocytes modulate skin color in response to stress[J].Faseb Journal,2007,21(4):976-994.
[5]Cicero A L,Delevoye C,Gillesmarsens F,et al.Exosomes released by keratinocytes modulate melanocyte pigmentation[J].Nature Communications,2015(6):7506.
[6]Vashi N A,Kundu R V.Facial hyperpigmentation:causes and treatment[J].British Journal of Dermatology,2013,169(S3):41-56.
[7]Bora Kim,JeeYoung Lee,HaYeon Lee,et al.Hesperidin suppresses melanosome transport by blocking the interaction of rab27A-melanophilin[J].Biomolecules&Therapeutics,2013,21(5):343-348.
[8]Chen Y S,Lee S M,Lin C C,et al.Hispolon decreases melanin production and induces apoptosis in melanoma cells through the downregulation of tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor(MITF)expressions and the activation of caspase-3,-8 and-9[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2014,15(1):1201-1215.
[9]Yin L,Coelho S G,Valencia J C,et al.Identification of genes expressed in hyperpigmented skin using meta-analysis of microarray data sets[J].Journal of Investigative Dermatology,2015,135(10):2455-2463.
[10]Imokawa G,Ishida K.Inhibitors of intracellular signaling pathways that lead to stimulated epidermal pigmentation:perspective of antipigmenting agents[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2014,15(5):8293-8315.
[11]Boissy R E.Melanosome transfer to and translocation in the keratinocyte[J].Experimental Dermatology,2010,12(S2):5-12.
[12]Guo J,Zhang J F,Wang W M,et al.MicroRNA-218 inhibits melanogenesis by directly suppressing microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression[J].Rna Biology,2014,11(6):732-741.
[13]Han Jiyeon,Lee Eunkyung,Kim EunJoo,et al.Role of epidermalγδT‐cell‐derived interleukin 13 in the skin‐whitening effect of Ginsenoside F1[J].Experimental Dermatology,2015,23(11):860-862.
[14]Ando H,Ichihashi M,Hearing V J.Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in regulating skin pigmentation[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2009,10(10):4428.
[15]Kim J Y,Shin J Y,Kim M R,et al.siRNA-mediated knock-down of COX-2 in melanocytes suppresses melanogenesis[J].Experimental Dermatology,2012,21(6):420-425.
[16]Gillbro J M,Olsson M J.The melanogenesis and mechanisms of skin‐lightening agents-existing and new approaches[J].Int J Cosmet Sci,2011,33(3):210-221.
[17]Ando H,Kondoh H,Ichihashi M,et al.Approaches to identify inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis via the quality control of tyrosinase[J].Journal of Investigative Dermatology,2007,127(4):751-761.
[18]Saeki H,Oikawa A.Synthesis and degradation of tyrosinase in cultured melanoma cells[J].Journal of Cellular Physiology,1980,104(2):171.
[19]Martínez-Esparza M,Jiménez-Cervantes C,Beermann F,et al.Transforming growth factor-beta1 inhibits basal melanogenesis in B16/F10 mouse melanoma cells by increasing the rate of degradation of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1997,272(7):3967-3972.
[20]Martínez-Esparza M,Jiménez-Cervantes C,Solano F,et al.Mechanisms of melanogenesis inhibition by tumor necrosis factor‐αin B16/F10 mouse melanoma cells[J].Febs Journal,2010,255(1):139-146.
[21]Andrés R M,Montesinos M C,Navalón P,et al.NF-κB and STAT3 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in psoriasis:in vitro and in vivo effects of BTH[J].J Invest Dermatol,2013,133(10):2362-2371.
[22]Wang J,Weng Y,Zhang M,et a1.BMP9 inhibits the growth and migration of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells in a bone marrow stromal cellderived microenvironment through the MAPK/ERK and NF-κB pathways[J].Oncol Rep,2016,36(1):410-418.
[23]Park S Y,Jin M L,Kim Y H,et al.Aromatic-turmerone inhibitsα-MSH and IBMX-induced melanogenesis by inactivating CREB and MITF signaling pathways[J].Archives of Dermatological Research,2011,303(10):737-744.
[24]Lee W J,Rhee d Y,Bang S H,et al.The natural yeast extract isolated by ethanol precipitation inhibits melanin synthesis by modulating tyrosinase activity and downregulating melanosome transfer[J].Journal of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan,2015,79(9):1504-1511.
[25]Chang T S.Natural melanogenesis inhibitors acting through the downregulation of tyrosinase activity[J].Materials,2012,5(9):1661.
[26]Diwakar G,Klump V,Lazova R,et al.Evidence for glycosylation as a regulator of the pigmentary system:key roles of sialyl(α2-6)gal/GalNAc-terminated glycans in melanin synthesis and transfer[J].Glycoconjugate Journal,2015,32(6):413-420.
[27]Kim D W,Jeon B J,Hwang N H,et al.Adipose-derived stem cells inhibit epidermal melanocytes through an interleukin-6-mediated mechanism[J].Plastic&Reconstructive Surgery,2014,134(3):470-480.
[28]Duval C,Chagnoleau C,Pouradier F,et al.Human skin model containing melanocytes:essential role of keratinocyte growth factor for constitutive pigmentation-functional response toα-melanocyte stimulating hormone and forskolin[J].Tissue Engineering Part CMethods,2012,18(12):947.
[29]Choi W,Kolbe L,Hearing V J.Characterization of the bioactive motif of neuregulin-1,a fibroblast-derived paracrine factor that regulates the constitutive color and the function of melanocytes in human skin[J].Pigment Cell&Melanoma Research,2012,25(4):477-481.