20世纪以来美国树木生长响应气候变化敏感度的时空差异
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摘要
树木生长响应气候变化的敏感度是全球变化研究的重要内容。利用20世纪以来美国本土1058个样本点的树轮宽度指数和温度、降水数据,通过相关分析,揭示了树木生长速率年际变化响应气候变化敏感度的时空差异。研究发现:①美国树木径向生长速率与温度普遍负相关、与降水普遍正相关,绝大多数地区树木生长受水分条件限制。②径向生长速率对温度和降水响应敏感度呈现一定的季节差异,最敏感的季节因地区而异,这主要与不同月份温度、降水条件差异导致的水分条件变化有关。同时,径向生长速率对温度、降水响应敏感度还随着气候条件变化而变化,随着年平均温度升高(降低),径向生长速率与温度的负相关逐渐增强(减弱),随着年降水增加(减少),与降水的正相关强度逐渐减弱(增强)。
The response of tree radial growth and its sensitivity to climate change is an important topic in the global environmental research community. Using tree-ring width index data from 1058 sample sites in the United States and instrumental temperature and precipitation data since the 20th century, correlation analysis was carried out to reveal the spatiotemporal variation of tree radial growth's response and its sensitivity to climate changes. Results show that in the United States radial growth rates of trees were mostly negative correlated with temperature and positive correlated with precipitation. Moisture may be dominant limiting factor of tree growth in most of regions of the United States. Response sensitivity of tree radial growth rate to temperature and precipitation changes exhibited seasonal variations. The most sensitive season varies with regions. The spatial variability of most sensitive seasons was mainly resulted from seasonal variations of moisture conditions due to local seasonal cycles of temperature and precipitation. Moreover, the response sensitivities of tree radial growth rate to temperature and precipitation changes along with climate changes. The negative correlation between tree radial growth rate with temperature would be strengthened(weakened) along with the climate warming(cooling). The positive correlation between tree radial growth rate with precipitation would be strengthened(weakened) along with precipitation decrease(increase).
The response of tree radial growth and its sensitivity to climate change is an important topic in the global environmental research community. Using tree-ring width index data from 1058 sample sites in the United States and instrumental temperature and precipitation data since the 20th century, correlation analysis was carried out to reveal the spatiotemporal variation of tree radial growth's response and its sensitivity to climate changes. Results show that in the United States radial growth rates of trees were mostly negative correlated with temperature and positive correlated with precipitation. Moisture may be dominant limiting factor of tree growth in most of regions of the United States. Response sensitivity of tree radial growth rate to temperature and precipitation changes exhibited seasonal variations. The most sensitive season varies with regions. The spatial variability of most sensitive seasons was mainly resulted from seasonal variations of moisture conditions due to local seasonal cycles of temperature and precipitation. Moreover, the response sensitivities of tree radial growth rate to temperature and precipitation changes along with climate changes. The negative correlation between tree radial growth rate with temperature would be strengthened(weakened) along with the climate warming(cooling). The positive correlation between tree radial growth rate with precipitation would be strengthened(weakened) along with precipitation decrease(increase).
引文
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[3]彭建,赵会娟,刘焱序,等.区域生态安全格局构建研究进展与展望.地理研究,2017,36(3):407-419.[Peng Jian,Zhao Huajuan,Liu Yanxu,et al.Research progress and prospect on regional ecological security pattern construction.Geographical Research,2017,36(3):407-419.]
[4]Myneni R B,Keeling C D,Tucker C J,et al.Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991.Nature,1997,386(6626):698-702.
[5]Tucker C J,Slayback D A,Pinzon J E,et al.Higher northern latitude normalized difference vegetation index and growing season trends from 1982 to 1999.International Journal of Biometeorology,2001,45(4):184-190.
[6]Fang J Y,Piao S L,He J S,et al.Increasing terrestrial vegetation activity in China,1982-1999.Science in China Series C-Life Sciences,2004,47(3):229-240.
[7]朴世龙,方精云.1982-1999年我国陆地植被活动对气候变化响应的季节差异.地理学报,2003,58(1):119-125.[Piao Shilong,Fang Jingyun.Seasonal change in vegetation activity in response to climate changes in China between1982 and 1999.Acta Geographica Sinica,2003,58(1):119-125.]
[8]龚道溢,史培军,何学兆.北半球春季植被NDVI对温度变化响应的区域差异.地理学报,2002,57(5):505-514.[Gong Daoyi,Shi Peijun,He Xuezhao.Spatial features of the coupling between spring NDVI and temperature over Northern Hemisphere.Acta Geographica Sinica,2002,57(5):505-514.]
[9]Wang X H,Piao S L,Ciais P,et al.Spring temperature change and its implication in the change of vegetation growth in North America from 1982 to 2006.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2011,108(4):1240-1245.
[10]Piao S L,Wang X H,Ciais P,et al.Changes in satellite-derived vegetation growth trend in temperate and boreal Eurasia from 1982 to 2006.Global Change Biology,2011,17(10):3228-3239.
[11]张学珍,戴君虎,葛全胜.1982-2006年中国东部春季植被变化的区域差异.地理学报,2012,67(1):53-61.[Zhang Xuezhen,Dai Junhu,Ge Quansheng.Spatial differences of changes in spring vegetation activities across eastern China during 1982-2006.Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(1):53-61.]
[12]Piao S L,Yin G D,Tan J G,et al.Detection and attribution of vegetation greening trend in China over the last 30 years.Global Change Biology,2015,21(4):1601-1609.
[13]Mao J F,Thornton P E,Shi X Y,et al.Remote sensing evaluation of CLM4 GPP for the period 2000-09.Journal of Climate,2012,25(15):5327-5342.
[14]Liang S L,Fang H L,Chen M Z,et al.Validating MODIS land surface reflectance and albedo products:Methods and preliminary results.Remote Sensing of Environment,2002,83(1-2):149-162.
[15]Cescatti A,Marcolla B,Vannan S K S,et al.Intercomparison of MODIS albedo retrievals and in situ measurements across the global FLUXNET network.Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,121:323-334.
[16]Wang Z S,Schaaf C B,Strahler A H,et al.Evaluation of MODIS albedo product(MCD43A)over grassland,agriculture and forest surface types during dormant and snow-covered periods.Remote Sensing of Environment,2014,140:60-77.
[17]Cook E R,Cole J.On predicting the response of forests in eastern North America to future climatic change.Climatic Change,1991,19(3):271-282.
[18]Jacoby G C,D'Arrigo R D,Davaajamts T.Mongolian tree rings and 20th-century warming.Science,1996,273(5276):771-773.
[19]Gervais B R,MacDonald G M.A 403-year record of July temperatures and treeline dynamics of Pinus sylvestris from the Kola Peninsula,northwest Russia.Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research,2000,32(3):295-302.
[20]Briffa K R,Schweingruber F H,Jones P D,et al.Reduced sensitivity of recent tree-growth to temperature at high northern latitudes.Nature,1998,391(6668):678-682.
[21]Misi D,Nafradi K.Growth response of Scots pine to changing climatic conditions over the last 100 years:A case study from Western Hungary.Trees-Structure and Function,2017,31(3):919-928.
[22]Wang X C,Zhang M H,Ji Y,et al.Temperature signals in tree-ring width and divergent growth of Korean pine response to recent climate warming in northeast Asia.Trees-Structure and Function,2017,31(2):415-427.
[23]Breitenmoser P,Bronnimann S,Frank D.Forward modelling of tree-ring width and comparison with a global network of tree-ring chronologies.Climate of the Past,2014,10(2):437-449.
[24]Harris I,Jones P D,Osborn T J,et al.Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations-the CRU TS3.10Dataset.International Journal of Climatology,2014,34(3):623-642.
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