2015年天津市河西区动物致伤人群流行病学分析
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摘要
目的分析2015年天津市河西区动物致伤人群的流行病学特征,为我市制订狂犬病预防相关政策提供科学依据。方法收集2015年《天津市疾病控制报卡-伤害首诊报告卡》中的所有户籍为河西区的动物伤报卡进行描述性流行病学统计分析。结果2015年河西区动物致伤发生率为595.45/10万。40~60岁组致伤人数相对较多(48.81%),在所有致伤者中,职员、离退休人员及学生占较大比例;受伤部位以四肢较多,其中腕和手为最易被咬伤的部位(56.34%),膝和小腿次之(17.3%)。夏季及每日的16:00~、20:00~、08:00~三个时间段致伤发生最多。家中、公共居住场所、工业和建筑场所是最常见的致伤地点。结论社区居民是动物致伤的高危人群,应以社区为基础开展狂犬病预防健康教育与健康促进,提高人群防范意识,倡导安全饲养宠物;同时加强犬、猫等动物管理,提高免疫接种率。
Objective To analyze epidemic characters of injury by animal in Tianjin,Hexi District,2015,and provide scientific proof for setting preventive strategies to rabies. Methods To collect and analyze all reporting cards of injury by animal,with census register of Hexi District,included in the "Tianjin Disease Control and Prevention Reporting Cards First Treatment Reporting Cards" of 2015 by descriptive epidemiology. Results In 2015,the incidence of injury by animal in Hexi District was 595.45/100 thousand.The number of injuries was the majority with 48.81% in the 40 ~60 years old group. Staff,retirees and students accounted for a large proportion. The injured part was more of limbs,wrist and hand were the most vulnerable parts(56.34%),knees and calves were next(17.30%). Most injuries by animal occurred in summer and the three time periods of daily 16:00~,20:00~,08:00~,and home,public housing,industrial and building sites were the most common places of injury. Conclusion Community residents are high risk groups for animal injuries. It's necessary to launch rabies prevention health education based on community,in order to improve the awareness of the crowd,promote safe keeping pets,strengthen the animal management,improve immunization coverage rate.
Objective To analyze epidemic characters of injury by animal in Tianjin,Hexi District,2015,and provide scientific proof for setting preventive strategies to rabies. Methods To collect and analyze all reporting cards of injury by animal,with census register of Hexi District,included in the "Tianjin Disease Control and Prevention Reporting Cards First Treatment Reporting Cards" of 2015 by descriptive epidemiology. Results In 2015,the incidence of injury by animal in Hexi District was 595.45/100 thousand.The number of injuries was the majority with 48.81% in the 40 ~60 years old group. Staff,retirees and students accounted for a large proportion. The injured part was more of limbs,wrist and hand were the most vulnerable parts(56.34%),knees and calves were next(17.30%). Most injuries by animal occurred in summer and the three time periods of daily 16:00~,20:00~,08:00~,and home,public housing,industrial and building sites were the most common places of injury. Conclusion Community residents are high risk groups for animal injuries. It's necessary to launch rabies prevention health education based on community,in order to improve the awareness of the crowd,promote safe keeping pets,strengthen the animal management,improve immunization coverage rate.
引文
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[2]周航,李昱,陈瑞丰,等.狂犬病预防控制技术指南(2016版)[S].中国疾病预防控制中心(电子版),2016(1):4.
[3]马瑞.2009-2010年银川市西夏区犬伤人群流行病学特征分析[J].宁夏医科大学学报,2013,35(1):76-78.
[4]贺涛,洪宇.狂犬病暴露后免疫接种人群流行病学调查分析[J].中国保健营养旬刊,2014,24(2):201.
[5]黄晓瑜,覃念虚.1 184例狂犬病暴露者就诊情况分析[J].应用预防医学,2015,21(3):206-207.
[6]肖雷,王凤双,唐莹,等.2008-2014年北京市顺义区狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征分析[J].中国生物制品学杂志,2016,29(3):283-287.
[7]熊军,张薇,李陶.2011-2013年绵阳市涪城区狂犬病暴露病例流行病学分析[J].中国医学创新,2015,12(23):70-72.
[8]付美华,陈水芳.浙江省常山县2012-2013年狂犬病暴露病例流行病学特征[J].上海预防医学,2016,28(1):40-42.
[9]刘彬辉,杨丽萍,李丽,等.湖州市南浔区2009-2012年狂犬病暴露病例监测分析[J].上海预防医学,2014,26(2):67-68.
[10]吴慧,宋淼,申辛欣,等.1996-2009年中国狂犬病流行病学分析[J].疾病监测,2011,26(6):427-434.
[11]欧柱宁.2003-2012年广西钦州市狂犬病流行病学分析[J].职业与健康,2013,29(22):3002-3006.
[12]金燕,朱申茵.1 408例婴幼儿狂犬病暴露及处置特点分析[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(15):2797-2808.
[13]徐小红.2010-2013年蒋垛镇狂犬病暴露和发病情况分析[J].医学动物防制,2015,31(4):410-412.
[14]马奎.我国狂犬病流行现状及防控策略[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2012,23(6):53-54.
[15]Zhang YZ,Fu ZF,Wang DM,et al.Investigation of the roleof healthy dogs as potential carrier s of rabies virus[J].Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis,2008,8(3):313-319.
[16]刘琼芳.III级狂犬病暴露人群免疫接种效果及流行病学分析[J].湖北科技学院学报(医学版),2014,28(4):340-342.
[17]TOOVEY S.Possible cures for clinical rabies:are they already on the pharmacy shelf[J].Travel Med Infect Dis,2016,14(5):505.
[18]郑家耿,陈朱,李大章,等.狂犬病暴露者相关知识态度健康教育效果评价[J].实用预防医学,2013,20(9):1147-1149.