东部地区农村给水管网中铝含量及形态分析
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摘要
以我国东部实行城乡一体化供水的4个城市实际给水管网为研究对象,在调查农村用户端饮用水中残余铝含量及其存在形态的基础上,深入分析饮用水中残余铝的来源和超标的原因,探讨不同形态铝与浊度的相关性。结果表明:城乡一体化供水下,在出厂水达标时用户端仍存在总铝超标的情况,特别是出厂水残余铝浓度大于100μg/L时超标风险较大。与出厂水对比,龙头水中颗粒铝和溶解铝浓度都有增加,出厂水混凝剂残留与管网输配过程中沉积铝的释放是用户端铝超标的主要原因。颗粒铝与浊度具有显著的相关性,浊度在一定程度上能反映颗粒铝的含量。管网水力条件的不稳定导致出厂水残余铝易在管网输配过程中沉积或释放,用户端残余铝随输水距离呈现先逐渐升高再降低的规律。
In this study,the actual water supply pipe network of four cities in eastern China with integrated urban and rural water supply model was taken as research object.Based on the investigation of residual aluminum content and its speciation distribution,the residual aluminum sources and the reason for exceeding the standards were analyzed.It also explored the correlation of residual aluminum form and turbidity.The results show that the total aluminumsan can exceed the standard at consumers' tap when finished water reaches the standard under the urban-rural integrated water supply.In particular,the risk of exceeding the standard is high when the residual aluminum concentration in the finished water is greater than 100μg/L.The concentrations of particle aluminum and dissolved aluminum in the tap water are higher than the finished water.In the tap water,the main reason for aluminum exceeding the standard is residue of coagulants and release of particle aluminum in the distribution process.There is a significant correlation between particle aluminum and turbidity,and turbidity represents the content of particle aluminum.Due to the unstable hydraulic conditions of the pipe network,the residual aluminum of finished water is easy to deposit or release in the distribution process.The residual aluminum at consumers' tap increases gradually with the distance of water delivery,and then decreas.Some feasible suggestions are put forward to control the residual aluminum for water plant in drinking water.
In this study,the actual water supply pipe network of four cities in eastern China with integrated urban and rural water supply model was taken as research object.Based on the investigation of residual aluminum content and its speciation distribution,the residual aluminum sources and the reason for exceeding the standards were analyzed.It also explored the correlation of residual aluminum form and turbidity.The results show that the total aluminumsan can exceed the standard at consumers' tap when finished water reaches the standard under the urban-rural integrated water supply.In particular,the risk of exceeding the standard is high when the residual aluminum concentration in the finished water is greater than 100μg/L.The concentrations of particle aluminum and dissolved aluminum in the tap water are higher than the finished water.In the tap water,the main reason for aluminum exceeding the standard is residue of coagulants and release of particle aluminum in the distribution process.There is a significant correlation between particle aluminum and turbidity,and turbidity represents the content of particle aluminum.Due to the unstable hydraulic conditions of the pipe network,the residual aluminum of finished water is easy to deposit or release in the distribution process.The residual aluminum at consumers' tap increases gradually with the distance of water delivery,and then decreas.Some feasible suggestions are put forward to control the residual aluminum for water plant in drinking water.
引文
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[14]曲志军,肖定华.pH和浊度对水中残余铝的影响研究[J].城镇供水,2008,(1):33-36.
[2]Husband S,Boxall J.Understanding and managing discolouration risk in trunk mains[J].Water Research,2016,107:127-140.
[3]Snoeyink V L,Schock M R,Sarin P,et al.Aluminiumcontaining scales in water distribution systems:Prevalence and composition[J].Journal of Water Supply:Research and Technology-AQUA,2003,52(7):455-474.
[4]Zhang Y,Shi B,Zhao Y,et al.Deposition behavior of residual aluminum in drinking water distribution system:Effect of aluminum speciation[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2016,42(4):142-151.
[5]Berthon G.Aluminium speciation in relation to aluminium bioavailability,metabolism and toxicity[J].Coordination Chemistry Reviews,2002,228(2):319-341.
[6]崔福义,胡明成,张燕,等.我国部分城市饮用水中铝含量调查[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(1):5-8.
[7]张玥,石宝友,宛云杰,等.给水管网管垢中铝的分布特征及其来源分析[J].给水排水,2015,40(9):151-156.
[8]Wang W,Yang H,Jiang J,et al.Aluminum speciation in drinking water distribution system:A case study in northeastern China[J].Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,2011,28(5):1227-1232.
[9]黄昌飞.某净水厂各工艺段出水中铝元素转化规律研究[J].净水技术,2017,(s1):22-24.
[10]张霄宁.饮用水处理中残余铝去除的实验研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2000.
[11]Vreeburg J H,Schippers D,Verberk J Q,et al.Impact of particles on sediment accumulation in a drinking water distribution system[J].Water Research,2008,42(16):4233-4242.
[12]Vreeburg J H,Boxall J B.Discolouration in potable water distribution systems:a review[J].Water Research,2007,41(3):519-529.
[13]黄源.T市供水管网浊度特性的研究及其风险评估的应用[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.
[14]曲志军,肖定华.pH和浊度对水中残余铝的影响研究[J].城镇供水,2008,(1):33-36.