煤气炮噪声暴露对家鸽粪便皮质酮变化的影响
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摘要
煤气炮驱鸟是目前机场驱鸟的主要手段之一,主要依靠煤气爆炸产生的高分贝噪声。但是,鸟类在长期暴露于噪声条件下或者驱鸟时机把握不佳,鸟类可能习惯噪声甚至产生耐受性,进而影响驱鸟效果,相关量化研究仍较为缺乏。本研究以家鸽(Columba livia domestica)为研究对象,随机选取健康成年个体作为对照组用于检验环境背景噪声的影响;设置7个实验组,分别布设于20 m间隔的噪声源距离梯度,采集煤气炮噪声处理前1 d和处理后2 d、5 d、8 d、11 d、14 d、17 d、20 d的粪便样品,噪声持续暴露(4次/h)。采用酶联免疫吸附方法测定粪便皮质酮浓度。以粪便皮质酮浓度为因变量,以煤气炮噪声持续时间和距噪声源距离为自变量,进行Pearson相关性分析。采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)进行差异分析。结果显示,家鸽粪便中皮质酮含量在距离煤气炮噪声源10 m处平均值达最大值,(174.67±5.09)ng/g(n=35),而最小值(139.42±0.92)ng/g(n=35)则出现在130 m。家鸽距噪声源距离与粪便皮质酮含量呈显著负相关关系,Pearson′s r=﹣0.954,P <0.01。噪声持续时间和距噪声源距离对粪便皮质酮均有显著影响,且二者存在交互作用,随着噪声源距离增大,皮质酮浓度回复到煤气炮噪声处理前水平所需时间越来越短。在噪声源距离大于90 m时,粪便皮质酮水平不随噪声持续时间变化而变化。粪便皮质酮水平可作为鸟类响应噪声刺激的生理反应指标,基于此评价了煤气炮噪声在机场驱鸟的有效性,为机场鸟击防治提供科学依据。
In China,gas cannons have been commonly applied in the airports to repel birds,by the high decibel noise generated by the gas explosion.However,the effectiveness of bird repelling varied due to long-term exposure to the noise,or unsuitable deployment time of the Gas cannon,making birds subjective to be habituated and even insensitive to noise.Quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of gas cannons to repel birds is still scarce.In this study,adult and healthy domestic pigeons(Columba livia domestica) were used as the research object.40 pigeons were randomly divided into eight groups,one non-treated control group,aiming to investigate the effects of background noise on corticosterone changes,and seven interference groups with a 20 m distance interval to the noise source.Fecal samples were collected the day before noise treatment,and then the pigeons were treated with gas cannon noise continuously with a frequency of 4 times/h for 20 days,during which samples were collected at day 2,5,8,11,14,17 and 20.Fecal corticosterone was measured using ELISA.The fecal corticosterone concentration was used as the dependent variable,and the noise duration and the distance to the noise source as independent variables.The correlation between the two variables was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.Difference analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA).The maximum corticosterone content was174.67 ± 5.09 ng/g at 10 m,and a minimum of 139.42 ± 0.92 ng/g appeared at 130 m(Fig.2).There was a significant negative correlation between the distant to noise resources and the corticosterone content in the feces(Pearson′s r =﹣0.954,P < 0.01)(Fig.1).The noise duration and the distance to the noise source have a significant interaction effect on the fecal corticosterone(F = 15.008,P < 0.01)(Table 1).As the distance increased,duration time for induced corticosterone back to the baseline showed a decreasing,and corticosterone did not change significantly with the time span beyond the noise distance of 90 m(Fig.2).Fecal corticosterone could be an effective indicator to reflect the stress of birds to noise,and the effectiveness of gas cannons was evaluated,providing a scientific basis for control and prevention of bird strikes at the airport.
In China,gas cannons have been commonly applied in the airports to repel birds,by the high decibel noise generated by the gas explosion.However,the effectiveness of bird repelling varied due to long-term exposure to the noise,or unsuitable deployment time of the Gas cannon,making birds subjective to be habituated and even insensitive to noise.Quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of gas cannons to repel birds is still scarce.In this study,adult and healthy domestic pigeons(Columba livia domestica) were used as the research object.40 pigeons were randomly divided into eight groups,one non-treated control group,aiming to investigate the effects of background noise on corticosterone changes,and seven interference groups with a 20 m distance interval to the noise source.Fecal samples were collected the day before noise treatment,and then the pigeons were treated with gas cannon noise continuously with a frequency of 4 times/h for 20 days,during which samples were collected at day 2,5,8,11,14,17 and 20.Fecal corticosterone was measured using ELISA.The fecal corticosterone concentration was used as the dependent variable,and the noise duration and the distance to the noise source as independent variables.The correlation between the two variables was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.Difference analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA).The maximum corticosterone content was174.67 ± 5.09 ng/g at 10 m,and a minimum of 139.42 ± 0.92 ng/g appeared at 130 m(Fig.2).There was a significant negative correlation between the distant to noise resources and the corticosterone content in the feces(Pearson′s r =﹣0.954,P < 0.01)(Fig.1).The noise duration and the distance to the noise source have a significant interaction effect on the fecal corticosterone(F = 15.008,P < 0.01)(Table 1).As the distance increased,duration time for induced corticosterone back to the baseline showed a decreasing,and corticosterone did not change significantly with the time span beyond the noise distance of 90 m(Fig.2).Fecal corticosterone could be an effective indicator to reflect the stress of birds to noise,and the effectiveness of gas cannons was evaluated,providing a scientific basis for control and prevention of bird strikes at the airport.
引文
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Angelier F,Meillère A,Grace J K,et al.2016.No evidence for an effect of traffic noise on the development of the corticosterone stress response in an urban exploiter.General Comparative Endocrinology,232(11):43-50.
Angelier F,Wingfield J C,TrouvéC,et al.2013.Modulation of the prolactin and the corticosterone stress responses:Do they tell the same story in a long-lived bird,the Cape petrel?General Comparative Endocrinology,182(3):7-15.
Blickley J L,Blackwood D,Patricelli G L.2012.Experimental evidence for the effects of chronic anthropogenic noise on abundance of Greater Sage-Grouse at leks.Conservation Biology the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology,26(3):461-471.
Carroll G,Turner E,Dann P,et al.2016.Prior exposure to capture heightens the corticosterone and behavioural responses of little penguins(Eudyptula minor)to acute stress.Conservation Physiology,4(1):1-8.
Crino O L,Johnson E E,Blickley J L,et al.2013.Effects of experimentally elevated traffic noise on nestling white-crowned sparrow stress physiology,immune function and life history.Journal of Experimental Biology,216(11):2055-2062.
Desoky A S S.2014.A review of bird control methods at airports.Global Journal of Science Frontier Research,14(2):41-50.
Grunst M L,Rotenberry J T,Grunst A S.2015.Variation in adrenocortical stress physiology and condition metrics within a heterogeneous urban environment in the song sparrow Melospiza melodia.Journal of Avian Biology,45(6):574-583.
Hiebert S M,Ramenofsky M,Salvante K,et al.2000.Noninvasive methods for measuring and manipulating corticosterone in hummingbirds.General Comparative Endocrinology,120(2):235-247.
Hutchinson A.2001.Effectiveness of Gas Cannons on the Bird Community at Sydney Airport.Calgary,AB:Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada,Third Joint Annual Meeting.
Kight C R,Swaddle J P.2011.How and why environmental noise impacts animals:an integrative,mechanistic review.Ecology Letters,14(10):1052-1061.
Kleist N J,Guralnick R P,Cruz A,et al.2018.Chronic anthropogenic noise disrupts glucocorticoid signaling and has multiple effects on fitness in an avian community.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,115(4):E648.
Liu G,Hu X L,Kessler A E,et al.2018.Snow cover and snowfall impact corticosterone and immunoglobulin a levels in a threatened steppe bird.General and comparative endocrinology,261(10):174-178.
Narayan E,Hero J M,Evans N,et al.2012.Non-invasive evaluation of physiological stress hormone responses in a captive population of the greater bilby Macrotis lagotis.Endangered Species Research,18(3):279-289.
Nichols T A,Anderson T W,?irovi?A.2015.Intermittent noise induces physiological stress in a coastal marine fish.PLoS One,10(9):e0139157.
Ouyang J Q,Sharp P J,Dawson A,et al.2011.Hormone levels predict individual differences in reproductive success in a passerine bird.Proceedings Biological Sciences,278(1717):2537-2545.
Partecke J,Schwabl I,Gwinner E.2005.Lower corticosterone stress response in european blackbirds(Turdus merula)born in a city than in a forest.Hormones and Behavior,48(1):119.
Sapolsky R M,Romero L M,Munck A U.2000.How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses?Integrating permissive,suppressive,stimulatory,and preparative actions.Endocrine Reviews,21(1):55-89.
Schulkin J,Morgan M A,Rosen J B.2005.A neuroendocrine mechanism for sustaining fear.Trends in Neurosciences,28(12):629-635.
Seamans T W,Gosser A L.2016.Bird Dispersal Techniques.Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series.Ft.Collins,Colorado:USDA,APHIS,WS National Wildlife Research Center,1-12.
Tennessen J B,Parks S E,Langkilde T L.2016.Anthropogenic noise and physiological stress in wildlife∥Popper A,Hawkins A.The Effects of Noise on Aquatic LifeⅡ.New York:Springer,1145-1148.
Tennessen J B,Parks S E,Langkilde T.2014.Traffic noise causes physiological stress and impairs breeding migration behaviour in frogs.Conservation Physiology,2(11):1-8.
Wormald D,Lawrence A J,Carter G,et al.2016.Physiological stress coping and anxiety in greyhounds displaying inter-dog aggression.Applied Animal Behaviour Science,180(7):93-99.
马金生,刘常春.2015.飞机场净空区鸽患防治专题研究.齐鲁师范学院学报,13(6):112-115.
魏炜,杨贵生,乌日罕,等.2013.二连浩特民航机场鸟击风险评价与鸟击防范.安全与环境学报,13(3):232-237.
杨贵生,张世峰,乌海林,等.2007.呼和浩特白塔机场秋季鸟类及鸟击防范对策.内蒙古大学学报:自然科学版,38(4):428-433.
张肖,丁长青.2012.粪便类固醇激素检测准确性的影响因素.动物学杂志,47(5):143-151.
Anderson P A,Berzins I K,Fogarty F,et al.2011.Sound,stress,and seahorses:The consequences of a noisy environment to animal health.Aquaculture,311(1):129-138.
Angelier F,Meillère A,Grace J K,et al.2016.No evidence for an effect of traffic noise on the development of the corticosterone stress response in an urban exploiter.General Comparative Endocrinology,232(11):43-50.
Angelier F,Wingfield J C,TrouvéC,et al.2013.Modulation of the prolactin and the corticosterone stress responses:Do they tell the same story in a long-lived bird,the Cape petrel?General Comparative Endocrinology,182(3):7-15.
Blickley J L,Blackwood D,Patricelli G L.2012.Experimental evidence for the effects of chronic anthropogenic noise on abundance of Greater Sage-Grouse at leks.Conservation Biology the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology,26(3):461-471.
Carroll G,Turner E,Dann P,et al.2016.Prior exposure to capture heightens the corticosterone and behavioural responses of little penguins(Eudyptula minor)to acute stress.Conservation Physiology,4(1):1-8.
Crino O L,Johnson E E,Blickley J L,et al.2013.Effects of experimentally elevated traffic noise on nestling white-crowned sparrow stress physiology,immune function and life history.Journal of Experimental Biology,216(11):2055-2062.
Desoky A S S.2014.A review of bird control methods at airports.Global Journal of Science Frontier Research,14(2):41-50.
Grunst M L,Rotenberry J T,Grunst A S.2015.Variation in adrenocortical stress physiology and condition metrics within a heterogeneous urban environment in the song sparrow Melospiza melodia.Journal of Avian Biology,45(6):574-583.
Hiebert S M,Ramenofsky M,Salvante K,et al.2000.Noninvasive methods for measuring and manipulating corticosterone in hummingbirds.General Comparative Endocrinology,120(2):235-247.
Hutchinson A.2001.Effectiveness of Gas Cannons on the Bird Community at Sydney Airport.Calgary,AB:Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada,Third Joint Annual Meeting.
Kight C R,Swaddle J P.2011.How and why environmental noise impacts animals:an integrative,mechanistic review.Ecology Letters,14(10):1052-1061.
Kleist N J,Guralnick R P,Cruz A,et al.2018.Chronic anthropogenic noise disrupts glucocorticoid signaling and has multiple effects on fitness in an avian community.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,115(4):E648.
Liu G,Hu X L,Kessler A E,et al.2018.Snow cover and snowfall impact corticosterone and immunoglobulin a levels in a threatened steppe bird.General and comparative endocrinology,261(10):174-178.
Narayan E,Hero J M,Evans N,et al.2012.Non-invasive evaluation of physiological stress hormone responses in a captive population of the greater bilby Macrotis lagotis.Endangered Species Research,18(3):279-289.
Nichols T A,Anderson T W,?irovi?A.2015.Intermittent noise induces physiological stress in a coastal marine fish.PLoS One,10(9):e0139157.
Ouyang J Q,Sharp P J,Dawson A,et al.2011.Hormone levels predict individual differences in reproductive success in a passerine bird.Proceedings Biological Sciences,278(1717):2537-2545.
Partecke J,Schwabl I,Gwinner E.2005.Lower corticosterone stress response in european blackbirds(Turdus merula)born in a city than in a forest.Hormones and Behavior,48(1):119.
Sapolsky R M,Romero L M,Munck A U.2000.How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses?Integrating permissive,suppressive,stimulatory,and preparative actions.Endocrine Reviews,21(1):55-89.
Schulkin J,Morgan M A,Rosen J B.2005.A neuroendocrine mechanism for sustaining fear.Trends in Neurosciences,28(12):629-635.
Seamans T W,Gosser A L.2016.Bird Dispersal Techniques.Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series.Ft.Collins,Colorado:USDA,APHIS,WS National Wildlife Research Center,1-12.
Tennessen J B,Parks S E,Langkilde T L.2016.Anthropogenic noise and physiological stress in wildlife∥Popper A,Hawkins A.The Effects of Noise on Aquatic LifeⅡ.New York:Springer,1145-1148.
Tennessen J B,Parks S E,Langkilde T.2014.Traffic noise causes physiological stress and impairs breeding migration behaviour in frogs.Conservation Physiology,2(11):1-8.
Wormald D,Lawrence A J,Carter G,et al.2016.Physiological stress coping and anxiety in greyhounds displaying inter-dog aggression.Applied Animal Behaviour Science,180(7):93-99.
马金生,刘常春.2015.飞机场净空区鸽患防治专题研究.齐鲁师范学院学报,13(6):112-115.
魏炜,杨贵生,乌日罕,等.2013.二连浩特民航机场鸟击风险评价与鸟击防范.安全与环境学报,13(3):232-237.
杨贵生,张世峰,乌海林,等.2007.呼和浩特白塔机场秋季鸟类及鸟击防范对策.内蒙古大学学报:自然科学版,38(4):428-433.
张肖,丁长青.2012.粪便类固醇激素检测准确性的影响因素.动物学杂志,47(5):143-151.