不同地力条件下栽培密度对超级稻产量及养分吸收影响
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摘要
为研究合适的栽培密度对优化水稻群体结构和水稻高产栽培模式的影响,选择高肥力和中低肥力稻田,设置5种栽培密度,对水稻产量及其构成要素,水稻秸秆籽粒氮磷钾养分含量进行分析测定。结果表明,栽培密度显著影响水稻产量。在高肥力稻田,宽窄行栽培分别比常规增产19.5%(MD5,13.41 t/hm~2),10.7%(MD4,12.42 t/hm~2),7.7%(MD3,12.09 t/hm~2)和0.6%(MD2,11.29 t/hm~2)。中低肥力稻田分别增产8.2%(MD3,9.41 t/hm~2),6.3%(MD4,9.24 t/hm~2),5.7%(MD5,9.19 t/hm~2)和5.0%(MD2,9.12 t/hm~2)。超级稻"大宽行窄株"栽培(40-15 cm),在高肥力稻田上显著增加株高和穗粒数。增强籽粒吸收氮、钾能力。超级稻生产要依据肥力水平适当调整移栽密度。在稻田肥力水平高时,超级稻宜采用"大宽行窄株"栽培模式,主攻大穗优势。肥力水平中低时,以"宽窄行"栽培(30-20 cm)产量表现更佳。
Suitable cultivation density of super hybrid rice is selected to optimize the rice population structure,and to provide technological support for establishing a high-yield cultivation model. Five cultivation densities under high and medium-low soil fertility in paddy field were designed to measure grain yield of super hybrid rice, biomass of rice straw and components of grain yield, and to analyze nutrients content in rice grain and straw. The results showed that grain yield of super hybrid rice had significant difference among different cultivation densities. Rice yield of wide-narrow row increased by 19.5%(MD5, 13.41 t/hm~2), 10.7%(MD4,12.42 t/hm~2), 7.7%(MD3, 12.09 t/hm~2) and 0.6%(MD2, 11.29 t/hm~2) compared with the conventional cultivation density in the high soil fertility paddy field. And the increasing ranges were 8.2%(MD3, 9.41 t/hm~2),6.3%(MD4, 9.24 t/hm~2), 5.7%(MD5, 9.19 t/hm~2) and 5.0 %(MD2, 9.12 t/hm~2) in the medium-low soil fertility paddy field. Height of rice plant and grain number per panicle increased significantly under the cultivation density of"Big-wide-row and narrow-strain"(40-15 cm) in the high soil fertility paddy field, and it promoted nitrogen and potassium absorption ability. Thus, the cultivation density should be selected based on the fertility level of paddy field."Big-wide-row and narrow-strain"cultivation model is recommended for super hybrid rice under the high soil fertility paddy field, and is beneficial to big ear growth."Wide-narrow row"cultivation(30-20 cm) has better performance in the medium-low soil fertility paddy field.
Suitable cultivation density of super hybrid rice is selected to optimize the rice population structure,and to provide technological support for establishing a high-yield cultivation model. Five cultivation densities under high and medium-low soil fertility in paddy field were designed to measure grain yield of super hybrid rice, biomass of rice straw and components of grain yield, and to analyze nutrients content in rice grain and straw. The results showed that grain yield of super hybrid rice had significant difference among different cultivation densities. Rice yield of wide-narrow row increased by 19.5%(MD5, 13.41 t/hm~2), 10.7%(MD4,12.42 t/hm~2), 7.7%(MD3, 12.09 t/hm~2) and 0.6%(MD2, 11.29 t/hm~2) compared with the conventional cultivation density in the high soil fertility paddy field. And the increasing ranges were 8.2%(MD3, 9.41 t/hm~2),6.3%(MD4, 9.24 t/hm~2), 5.7%(MD5, 9.19 t/hm~2) and 5.0 %(MD2, 9.12 t/hm~2) in the medium-low soil fertility paddy field. Height of rice plant and grain number per panicle increased significantly under the cultivation density of"Big-wide-row and narrow-strain"(40-15 cm) in the high soil fertility paddy field, and it promoted nitrogen and potassium absorption ability. Thus, the cultivation density should be selected based on the fertility level of paddy field."Big-wide-row and narrow-strain"cultivation model is recommended for super hybrid rice under the high soil fertility paddy field, and is beneficial to big ear growth."Wide-narrow row"cultivation(30-20 cm) has better performance in the medium-low soil fertility paddy field.
引文
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[16]石扬娟,黄艳玲,申广勒,等.氮肥用量和栽插密度对水稻茎秆力学特性的影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(7):101-106.
[17]周江明,赵琳,董越勇,等.氮肥和栽植密度对水稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):274-281.
[18]李世峰,刘蓉蓉,吴九林.不同播量与移栽密度对机插水稻产量形成的影响[J].作物杂志,2008(1):71-74.
[19]樊红柱,曾祥忠,吕世华.水稻不同移栽密度的氮肥效应及氮素去向[J].核农学报,2009,23(4):681-685.
[20]蔡艳,陶武辉,张毅,等.不同移栽密度对“大三围强化栽培”模式下水稻产量及氮素利用的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2008(6):1603-1605.
[21]刘丽华.移栽叶龄、秧盘及穴距对水稻产量和品质的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.
[2]徐新朋,周卫,梁国庆,等.氮肥用量和密度对双季稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015(3):763-772.
[3]蒋彭炎.水稻高产栽培理论与技术讲座(2)--高产水稻的若干生物学规律[J].中国稻米,1994(2):43-45.
[4]龚金龙,张洪程,李杰,等.水稻超高产栽培模式及系统理论的研究进展[J].中国水稻科学,2010,24(4):417-424.
[5]舒鹏,郭保卫,霍中洋,等.钵苗机插密度对双季晚稻产量及群体质量的影响[J].中国稻米,2017(6):23-31.
[6]彭斌,李潘林,周楠,等.不同秧苗素质和移栽密度条件下臭氧胁迫对水稻光合作用、物质生产和产量的影响[J].生态学报,2013(12):3668-3675.
[7]胡雅杰.机插方式和密度对不同穗型水稻品种生产力及其形成的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2016.
[8]徐明岗,李冬初,李菊梅,等.化肥有机肥配施对水稻养分吸收和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008(10):3133-3139.
[9]Ju X T,Xing G X,Chen X P,et al.Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2009(9):3014-3046.
[10]Zheng X H,Han S H,Huang Y,et al.Re-quantifying the emission factors based on field measurements and estimating the direct N2Oemission from Chinese croplands[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2004,18(2):1-19.
[11]王德建,林静慧,孙瑞娟,等.太湖地区稻麦高产的氮肥适宜用量及其对地下水的影响[J].土壤学报,2003,40(3):426-432.
[12]俞映倞,薛利红,杨林章.太湖地区稻田不同氮肥管理模式下氨挥发特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(8):1682-1689.
[13]李静.生态条件和栽培密度对水稻群体特征、产量和品质的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[14]汪秀志,钱永德,吕艳东,等.施氮和密度对寒地水稻分蘖状况及产量的影响[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2011,37(1):69-76.
[15]陈海飞,冯洋,蔡红梅,等.氮肥与移栽密度互作对低产田水稻群体结构及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1319-1328.
[16]石扬娟,黄艳玲,申广勒,等.氮肥用量和栽插密度对水稻茎秆力学特性的影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(7):101-106.
[17]周江明,赵琳,董越勇,等.氮肥和栽植密度对水稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):274-281.
[18]李世峰,刘蓉蓉,吴九林.不同播量与移栽密度对机插水稻产量形成的影响[J].作物杂志,2008(1):71-74.
[19]樊红柱,曾祥忠,吕世华.水稻不同移栽密度的氮肥效应及氮素去向[J].核农学报,2009,23(4):681-685.
[20]蔡艳,陶武辉,张毅,等.不同移栽密度对“大三围强化栽培”模式下水稻产量及氮素利用的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2008(6):1603-1605.
[21]刘丽华.移栽叶龄、秧盘及穴距对水稻产量和品质的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.