武汉市居民精神卫生知识知晓率调查
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摘要
目的了解武汉市居民精神卫生知识知晓率及其相关因素。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法,抽取武汉市≥15岁常住居民2 400人,采用心理健康知识和精神障碍预防知识问卷进行调查。结果武汉市居民精神卫生知识知晓率为73.25%,平均得分为(14.65±3.36)分;女性平均得分为(14.75±3.07)分,男性为(14.58±2.86)分,差异无统计学意义;不同居住地、年龄、文化程度、职业、家庭月收入、心理健康知识的需求程度和获取知识的途径的居民精神卫生知识得分不同,差异有统计学意义;其中居住在中心城区者(15.15±3.12)分,30～45岁年龄者(15.08±3.23)分,本科及以上学历者(15.70±2.75)分,国企及事业单位人员(15.55±3.41)分,家庭月收入7 001～10 000元者(15.59±3.04)分,得分均较高;对知识的不同需求显示认为非常需要心理健康知识的人员得分较高(15.84±3.17)分;不同获取知识途径中从网络获取精神卫生知识途径者得分最高(15.12±3.08)分;多重线性回归结果显示,居住地、文化程度、心理健康知识的需求、获取知识的途径是居民精神卫生得分的影响因素。结论武汉市居民精神卫生知识知晓率仍需进一步提高,年龄低、受教育程度低、使用传统途径获取知识的居民是今后精神卫生知识宣传的重点。有效运用互联网开展健康促进是精神卫生宣传的发展趋势。
Objective To examine the awareness rate of mental health knowledge and its influence factors among urban residents in Wuhan city. Methods Totally 2 400 permanent residents aged ≥ 15 years were selected with stratified multistage random sampling in 12 communities in Wuhan city and surveyed with The Chinese Mental Health Knowledge Awareness Questionnaire between November and December 2015. Results Among the participants, the awareness rate of mental health knowledge was 73.25%, with an average knowledge score of 14.65 ± 3.36 and a unsignificantly higher average score in the female participants than that in the male participants(14.75 ± 3.07 vs. 14.58 ± 2.86). The participants' mental health knowledge score differed significantly by residential region, age, education, occupation, monthly income, demand for the knowledge, and the main way to access the knowledge and higher knowledge scores were observed among the participants living in downtown areas(15.15 ± 3.12), aged 30 – 45 years(15.08 ± 3.23), with the education of undergraduate or above(15.70 ± 2.75), being employees of state-owned enterprise or public institutions(15.55 ± 3.41), with monthly household income of 7 001 to 10 000 RMB yuna(15.59 ± 3.04), reporting a great need for mental health knowledge(15.84 ±3.17), and obtaining the knowledge mainly via internet(15.12 ± 3.08). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that residential area, education, demand for knowledge and main way to access the knowledge were influence factors of mental health knowledge score. Conclusion The awareness rate of mental health knowledge among urban residents of Wuhan city need to be improved, especially among those aged under 30 years, with low education, and obtaining the knowledge through traditional media.
Objective To examine the awareness rate of mental health knowledge and its influence factors among urban residents in Wuhan city. Methods Totally 2 400 permanent residents aged ≥ 15 years were selected with stratified multistage random sampling in 12 communities in Wuhan city and surveyed with The Chinese Mental Health Knowledge Awareness Questionnaire between November and December 2015. Results Among the participants, the awareness rate of mental health knowledge was 73.25%, with an average knowledge score of 14.65 ± 3.36 and a unsignificantly higher average score in the female participants than that in the male participants(14.75 ± 3.07 vs. 14.58 ± 2.86). The participants' mental health knowledge score differed significantly by residential region, age, education, occupation, monthly income, demand for the knowledge, and the main way to access the knowledge and higher knowledge scores were observed among the participants living in downtown areas(15.15 ± 3.12), aged 30 – 45 years(15.08 ± 3.23), with the education of undergraduate or above(15.70 ± 2.75), being employees of state-owned enterprise or public institutions(15.55 ± 3.41), with monthly household income of 7 001 to 10 000 RMB yuna(15.59 ± 3.04), reporting a great need for mental health knowledge(15.84 ±3.17), and obtaining the knowledge mainly via internet(15.12 ± 3.08). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that residential area, education, demand for knowledge and main way to access the knowledge were influence factors of mental health knowledge score. Conclusion The awareness rate of mental health knowledge among urban residents of Wuhan city need to be improved, especially among those aged under 30 years, with low education, and obtaining the knowledge through traditional media.
引文
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[2]陈为富.我国社区精神卫生服务发展状况及对策研究[D].济南:山东大学,2009.
[3]国务院办公厅关于转发卫生计生委等部门全国精神卫生工作规划(2015-2020年)的通知.国办发[2015]44号[EB/OL].[2015-06-18].http://www.docin.com/p-1194200685.html.
[4]李秀红,张雪芹,张慧,等.泰安市社区居民精神卫生知识知晓率调查研究[J].中华行为医学与脑科学杂志,2015,24(1):78-79.
[5]师建国,罗园园,陶美珍.西安市市民精神卫生知识知晓率调查分析[J].中华行为医学与脑科学杂志,2008,17(4):367-368.
[6]俞国良.现代心理健康教育[M].人民教育出版社,2007.
[7]仇逸.上海发布2016年市民精神卫生知识知晓度调查结果[EB/OL].[2016-10-11].http://sjzx.nihe.org.cn/news.php?id=56440.
[8]国务院办公厅.全国精神卫生工作规划(2015-2020)[EB/OL].[2015-06-04].https://baike.so.com/doc/25759601-26893971.html.
[9]佟海龙,焦辛妮,顾星博,等.哈尔滨市社区居民精神卫生知识认知及对患者态度的调查及影响因素分析[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(10):1199-203.
[10]黄彦,徐广明,尹慧芳,等.天津市社区居民精神卫生知识知晓率及相关因素[J].国际精神病学杂志,2015,42(4):23-26.
[11]阎琳.郑州市居民精神卫生知识知晓率及对精神疾病态度的调查[D].郑州:郑州大学,2013.
[12]吴海云,潘平,黄建始.基于网络的健康相关行为及生活方式干预服务[J].中华健康管理学杂志,2008,2(3):165-167.
[13]王俊成,张瑞岭,周芹.中国精神卫生服务现状与建议[J].中国卫生事业管理,2009,26(5):348-350.