中高地力水平下谷子N、P、K肥效应研究
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摘要
为明确夏谷生产中不同地力水平下的施肥效应和最优施肥量,本试验在中高地力水平下开展谷子"3414"氮、磷、钾肥肥料效应研究。结果表明,施用氮、磷、钾肥能显著提高谷子产量,在中高地力水平下平均增幅分别为21. 4%和12. 7%,其中氮肥增产效率分别为20. 2%和7. 9%,磷肥增产效率分别为6. 6%和12. 6%,钾肥增产效率分别为11. 3%和13. 8%,表明在中地力水平下氮肥增产效率最高,高地力水平下磷钾肥的增产效率显著高于氮肥。氮、磷、钾肥间存在明显的交互作用,在中地力水平下,氮磷间存在抑制作用,氮钾和磷钾间存在促进作用;在高地力水平下则均存在抑制作用。氮、磷、钾肥的平均偏生产力在中高地力水平下分别为42. 1、50. 4、200. 0和56. 4、72. 4、283. 8 kg·kg~(-1),表明高地力水平下的氮、磷、钾肥偏生产力均高于中地力水平。氮、磷、钾肥的农学效率在中高地力水平下分别为7. 6、2. 8、14. 6和3. 5、7. 2、28. 3 kg·kg~(-1),表明氮肥农学效率以中地力水平下最高,磷钾肥农学效率则以高地力水平下最高。通过建立肥料与产量的三元二次施肥模型得出在中高地力水平下谷子氮、磷、钾肥最佳施肥量分别为N 189. 3 kg·hm~(-2)、P_2O_561. 1 kg·hm~(-2)、K_2O 45. 0 kg·hm~(-2)和N 141. 2 kg·hm~(-2)、P_2O_5180. 0kg·hm~(-2)、K_2O 45. 0 kg·hm~(-2)。综上,在谷子中地力水平下,氮肥增产效果最好,应提高氮肥的用量和比例;在高地力水平下,磷钾肥增产效果较好,应提高磷钾肥的用量和比例。本研究结果为夏谷不同地力水平下施肥效应提供了理论依据和技术支持。
In order to explore the optimum fertilizer application of N,P,K under middle and high soil fertilities,"3414"fertilizer field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of N,P,K fertilizer application on summer foxtail millet and to optimize fertilizer application rates in Jigu16. The results showed that fertilizer application significantly increased grain yield of foxtail millet by 21.4% and 12.7% in middle and high soil fertilities,respectively.The yield-increasing efficiency of N fertilizer was 20.2% and 7.9%,respectively,the yield-increasing efficiency of P fertilizer was 6.6% and 12.6%,respectively,and the yield-increasing efficiency of K fertilizer was 11.3% and 13.8%,respectively,indicating that yield-increasing efficiency of N fertilizer was the highest at the level of medium fertilities and the yield-increasing efficiency of P and K fertilizer was significantly higher than that of N fertilizer under high fertilities.There were significant interactions among N,P,K fertilizer application in middle and high soil fertilities. At the level of medium fertilities,there was inhibition between N and P,and there was a promoting effect between N,P and K,and there was inhibition between N,P and K at high fertilities. Partial factor productivities of N,P,K were 42. 1,50. 4,200. 0 and 56. 4,72. 4,283. 8 kg·kg~(-1) in middle and high soil fertilities,respectively,which showed that partial factor productivities of N,P,K were higher in high fertility than that in middle fertility. Agronomic efficiencies of N,P,K were 7. 6,2. 8,14. 6 and 3. 5,7. 2,28. 3 kg·kg~(-1) in middle and high soil fertilities,respectively,which showed that agronomic efficiency of N was higher in middle soil fertility than that in the high soil fertility,while agronomic efficiencies of P,K were higher in high soil fertility than that in middle soil fertility. By establishing ternary quadratic fertilizer application models based on yield in middle and high soil fertilities,the recommended optimum fertilizer amounts of N,P_2O_5,K_2 O were 189. 3,61. 1,45. 0,141. 2,180. 0 and 45. 0 kg·hm~(-2),respectively. It was recommended that amount and rate of N application should be increased in middle soil fertility and P,K application should be increased in high soil fertility. The research supplied a theoretical basis and technical support for fertilizer application under different soil fertilities.
In order to explore the optimum fertilizer application of N,P,K under middle and high soil fertilities,"3414"fertilizer field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of N,P,K fertilizer application on summer foxtail millet and to optimize fertilizer application rates in Jigu16. The results showed that fertilizer application significantly increased grain yield of foxtail millet by 21.4% and 12.7% in middle and high soil fertilities,respectively.The yield-increasing efficiency of N fertilizer was 20.2% and 7.9%,respectively,the yield-increasing efficiency of P fertilizer was 6.6% and 12.6%,respectively,and the yield-increasing efficiency of K fertilizer was 11.3% and 13.8%,respectively,indicating that yield-increasing efficiency of N fertilizer was the highest at the level of medium fertilities and the yield-increasing efficiency of P and K fertilizer was significantly higher than that of N fertilizer under high fertilities.There were significant interactions among N,P,K fertilizer application in middle and high soil fertilities. At the level of medium fertilities,there was inhibition between N and P,and there was a promoting effect between N,P and K,and there was inhibition between N,P and K at high fertilities. Partial factor productivities of N,P,K were 42. 1,50. 4,200. 0 and 56. 4,72. 4,283. 8 kg·kg~(-1) in middle and high soil fertilities,respectively,which showed that partial factor productivities of N,P,K were higher in high fertility than that in middle fertility. Agronomic efficiencies of N,P,K were 7. 6,2. 8,14. 6 and 3. 5,7. 2,28. 3 kg·kg~(-1) in middle and high soil fertilities,respectively,which showed that agronomic efficiency of N was higher in middle soil fertility than that in the high soil fertility,while agronomic efficiencies of P,K were higher in high soil fertility than that in middle soil fertility. By establishing ternary quadratic fertilizer application models based on yield in middle and high soil fertilities,the recommended optimum fertilizer amounts of N,P_2O_5,K_2 O were 189. 3,61. 1,45. 0,141. 2,180. 0 and 45. 0 kg·hm~(-2),respectively. It was recommended that amount and rate of N application should be increased in middle soil fertility and P,K application should be increased in high soil fertility. The research supplied a theoretical basis and technical support for fertilizer application under different soil fertilities.
引文
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[30]张艾英,郭二虎,王军,范惠萍,李瑜辉,王丽霞,王秀清,程丽萍.施氮量对春谷农艺性状、光合特性和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,8(15):2939-2951
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[2]刁现民.中国谷子生产与产业发展方向[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007
[3]李国瑜,丛新军,陈二影,沈群,颜丽美,邹仁峰,李妮,管延安.积温和降水量对夏谷生长发育的影响[J].核农学报,2018,32(1):165-167
[4]秦岭,杨延兵,管延安,陈二影,张华文,王海莲,刘宾.施氮量和留苗密度对不同株型谷子产量及产量相关性状的影响[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(5):60-63
[5]张亚琦,李淑文,付巍,文宏达.施氮对杂交谷子产量与光合特性及水分利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1119-1126
[6]张国娟,濮晓珍,张鹏鹏,张旺锋.干旱区棉花秸秆还田和施肥对土壤氮素有效性及根系生物量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(13):2624-2634
[7]谢亚萍,牛俊义,剡斌,袁天佑,刘栋,杨天庆,赵玮.种植密度和钾肥用量对胡麻产量和钾肥利用率的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(9):1856-1863
[8]马艳芹,钱晨晨,邓丽萍,黄国琴.紫云英配施氮肥对双季稻产量、干物质量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(12):2399-2407
[9] Chuan L,He P,Pampolino M,Johnston A,Jin J,Xu X,Zhao S,Qiu S, Zhou W. Establishing a scientic basis for fertilizer recommendations for wheat in China:yield response and agronomic efciency[J]. Field Crops Research,2013,140(1):1-8
[10] Xu X,He P,Pampolino M,Johnston A,Qiu S,Zhao S,Chuan L,Zhou W. Fertilizer recommendation for maize in China based on yield response and agronomic efciency[J]. Field Crops Research,2014,152(2):27-34
[11]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,崔振玲,马文奇,陈新平,江荣峰.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924
[12]戢林,张锡洲,李廷轩.基于“3414”试验的川中丘陵区水稻测土配方施肥指标体系构建[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(1):84-92
[13]李文彪,刘荣乐,郑海春,李书田,郜翻身,刘继培.内蒙古河套灌区春玉米推荐施肥指标体系研究[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(1):93-101
[14]刘芬,同延安,王小英,赵佐平.渭北旱塬小麦施肥效果及肥料利用效率研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):552-558.
[15]黄亿,李廷轩,张锡洲,戢林.基于“3414”试验的川中丘陵区油菜施肥指标体系构建[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(10):2058-2066
[16]冯志威,杨艳君,郭平毅,原向阳,宁娜.谷子光合特性及产量最优的氮磷肥水平与细胞分裂素6_BA组合研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(3):634-642
[17]代小冬,徐心志,朱灿灿,杨育峰,秦娜,王雁楠,王春义,杨晓平,杨国红,李君霞.谷子氮、磷、钾肥的效应研究[J].作物杂志,2016(5):147-151
[18]连延浩,王天露,张旭东,贾志宽,刘启,韩清芳.氮磷肥配施促进半干旱区沟垄集雨种植谷子节水增产[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(23):106-115
[19]王晓军,王勇,张晓娟,孙玉琴,程炳文.氮磷钾平衡施肥对谷子产量及土壤肥力的影响[J].农业科学研究,2015,36(2):5-8,26
[20]郝科星,李娜娜,侯富恩.氮磷钾肥运筹对谷子品质与产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(13):51-55
[21]陈二影,秦岭,程炳文,杨延兵,张华文,刘宾,王海莲,陈桂玲,管延安.夏谷氮、磷、钾肥的效应研究[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(1):61-65
[22]任月梅,杨忠,郭瑞锋,张绶,冯婧.不同施肥水平对大同34号谷子产量的影响[J].北方农业学报,2016,44(4):27-30
[23]陈二影,杨延兵,程炳文,秦岭,张华文,刘宾,王海莲,陈桂玲,管延安.不同夏谷品种的产量与氮肥利用效率[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(2):93-97
[24]曾祥明,韩宝吉,徐芳森,黄见良,蔡红梅,石磊.不同基础地力土壤优化施肥对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(14):2886-2894
[25] Sheehy J,Mitchell P,Gjd K,Ferrer A. Can smarter nitrogen fertilizers be designed? Matching nitrogen supply to crop requirements at high yields using a simple model[J]. Field Crops Research,2005,94(1):54-66
[26]杨珍平,张翔宇,苗果园.施肥对生土地谷子根苗生长及根际土壤酶和微生物种群的影响[J].核农学报,2010,24(4):802-808
[27] Peng S,Buresh R J,Huang J,Yang,J,Zou Y,Zhong X,Wang G,Zhang F. Strategies for overcoming low agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice systems in China[J]. Field Crops Research,2006,96(1):37-47
[28] Peng S,Tang Q,Zou Y. Current status and challenges of rice production in China[J]. Plant Production Science,2009,12(1):3-8
[29] Chen X P,Cui Z L,Fan M S,Vjitousek P,Zhao M,Ma W Q,Wang Z L,Zhang W J,Yan X Y,Yang J C,Deng X,Gao Q,Zhang Q,Guo S,Ren J,Li S,Ye Y,Wang Z,Huang J,Tang Q,Sun Y,Peng X,Zhang J,He M,Zhu Y,Xue J,Wang G,Wu L,An N,Wu L,Ma L,Zhang W,Zhang F S. Producing more grain with lower environmental costs[J]. Nature,2014,514(7523):486-491
[30]张艾英,郭二虎,王军,范惠萍,李瑜辉,王丽霞,王秀清,程丽萍.施氮量对春谷农艺性状、光合特性和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,8(15):2939-2951
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