基于土地利用变化情景的生态系统服务价值评估:以钱江源国家公园体制试点区为例
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摘要
土地利用变化是生物多样性与生态系统服务变化的主要原因之一。评估土地利用变化对生物多样与生态系统服务影响对于政府决策具有重要作用。钱江源国家公园体制试点区是钱塘江的源头,也是国家的重点生态功能区。本研究以钱江源国家公园体制试点区为研究区,首先设计自然发展情景、规划情景、生态保护情景和开发利用情景等4种2025年不同土地利用变化情景,随后采用In VEST模型和CLUE-S模型分析不同情景下钱江源国家公园水资源供给、涵养水源、固碳释氧、土壤保持、环境净化和生境质量等生态系统服务及其价值变化。结果表明:(1)核心保护区和生态保育区的生态系统服务价值占钱江源国家公园总价值的88.30%。(2)生态保护情景下钱江源国家公园生态系统服务价值最高,有129.17亿元;规划情景下生态系统服务价值次之,有126.92亿元。(3)规划情景下钱江源国家公园水资源供给服务优于生态保护情景,其他生态系统服务则次于生态保护情景。考虑到钱江源国家公园为下游提供重要的水资源这一功能,将规划情景作为试点区2025年最优的土地利用变化情景。
Land use change is one of the main drivers to change of biodiversity and ecosystem services. It is important for decision-making of government to assess impacts of land use change on biodiversity and ecosystem service. The Qianjiangyuan National Park pilot(QNPP), located at the headwaters of the Qiangtang River, covers 252 km~2, and it is also a National Key Ecological Function Zone. In this study, We designed four land use change scenarios in 2025 for QNPP, i.e., business as usual, strategic planning,ecological protection, and development. Furthermore, the change in ecosystem services and its value in QNPP were evaluated under four scenarios by InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs) model and CLUE-S(Conversions of Land Use and its Effects at Small Regional Extent) model.The ecosystem services in this assessment include water yield, water conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, soil conservation, environmental purification, and habitat quality. Our results show that:(1)the value of ecosystem services in core protected areas and ecological conservation areas accounts for88.30% of total value of QNPP;(2) the value of ecosystem services of QNPP in the ecological protection scenario is the highest(12.917 billion RMB yuan), and ranks the second in the strategic planning scenario(12.692 billion RMB yuan); and(3) the water yield in the strategic planning scenario is superior to that in the ecological protection scenario, while other ecosystem services are inferior to that in the ecological protection scenario. Strategic planning scenario is an optimal land use strategy in 2025 since QNPP play a key role in providing water resources for the downstream.
Land use change is one of the main drivers to change of biodiversity and ecosystem services. It is important for decision-making of government to assess impacts of land use change on biodiversity and ecosystem service. The Qianjiangyuan National Park pilot(QNPP), located at the headwaters of the Qiangtang River, covers 252 km~2, and it is also a National Key Ecological Function Zone. In this study, We designed four land use change scenarios in 2025 for QNPP, i.e., business as usual, strategic planning,ecological protection, and development. Furthermore, the change in ecosystem services and its value in QNPP were evaluated under four scenarios by InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs) model and CLUE-S(Conversions of Land Use and its Effects at Small Regional Extent) model.The ecosystem services in this assessment include water yield, water conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, soil conservation, environmental purification, and habitat quality. Our results show that:(1)the value of ecosystem services in core protected areas and ecological conservation areas accounts for88.30% of total value of QNPP;(2) the value of ecosystem services of QNPP in the ecological protection scenario is the highest(12.917 billion RMB yuan), and ranks the second in the strategic planning scenario(12.692 billion RMB yuan); and(3) the water yield in the strategic planning scenario is superior to that in the ecological protection scenario, while other ecosystem services are inferior to that in the ecological protection scenario. Strategic planning scenario is an optimal land use strategy in 2025 since QNPP play a key role in providing water resources for the downstream.
引文
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Cao W,Li R,Chi X,Chen N,Chen J,Zhang H,Zhang F(2017)Island urbanization and its ecological consequences:A case study in the Zhoushan Island,East China.Ecological Indicators,76,1-14.
Delphin SF,Escobedo J,Elrahman AA,Cropper WP(2016)Urbanization as a land use change driver of forest ecosystem services.Land Use Policy,54,188-199.
Fu B,Xu P,Wang YK,Peng Y,Ren J(2013)Spatial pattern of water retention in Dujiangyan County.Acta Ecologica Sinica,33,789-797.(in Chinese with English abstract)[傅斌,徐佩,王玉宽,彭怡,任静(2013)都江堰市水源涵养功能空间格局.生态学报,33,789-797.]
Fu BJ,Zhang LW(2014)Land-use change and ecosystem services:Concepts,methods and progress.Progress in Geograpy,33,441-446.(in Chinese with English abstract)[傅伯杰,张立伟(2014)土地利用变化与生态环境服务:概念、方法与进展.地理科学进展,33,441-446.]
Fu MD,Li JS,Zhang RA,Gao XQ,Xiao NW(2016)Valuation of the ecosystem services in southern mountain of Zhejiang Province.Ecological Economy,32,189-193.(in Chinese with English abstract)[付梦娣,李俊生,章荣安,高晓奇,肖能文(2016)浙江省南部山区生态系统服务价值评估.生态经济,32,189-193.]
Gao J,Li F,Gao H,Zhou C,Zhang X(2017)The impact of land-use change on water-related ecosystem services:Astudy of the Guishui River Basin,Beijing,China.Journal of Cleaner Production,163,148-155.
Goldstein J,Caldarone G,Duarte TK,Ennaanay D,Hannahs N,Mendoza G,Polasky S,Wolny S,Daily GC(2015)Integrating ecosystem-service tradeoffs into land-use decisions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,USA,109,7565-7570.
Gong X,Cao MC,Sun XP,Le ZF,Li S,Xu HG(2017)Valuation of ecosystem services in Wuyishan City.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,33,1094-1101.(in Chinese with English abstract)[龚溪,曹铭昌,孙孝平,乐志芳,李双,徐海根(2017)武夷山市生态系统服务价值评估.生态与农村环境学报,33,1094-1101.]
He S,Su Y,Wang L,Gallagher L,Cheng H(2018)Taking an ecosystem services approach for a new national park system in China.Resources,Conservation and Recycling,137,136-144.
Huang HC,Yun YX,Miao ZT,Hao C,Li HY(2013)Multi-scenario and prediction of ecosystem services as affected by urban expansion:A case study in coastal area of Tianjin,North China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,24,697-704.(in Chinese with English abstract)[黄焕春,运迎霞,苗展堂,郝翠,李洪远(2013)城市扩张影响下生态系统服务的多情景模拟和预测--以天津市滨海地区为例.应用生态学报,24,697-704.]
Huang J,Zhang XM,Zhang JC(2010)Comprehensive evaluation on soil and water conservation function of main forest types of ecological protection forest in Kaihua County.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,17,88-90.(in Chinese with English abstract)[黄进,张晓勉,张金池(2010)开化生态公益林主要森林类型水土保持功能综合评价.水土保持研究,17,88-90.]
Jiang B,Ouyang ZY,Miao H,Zheng H,Bai Y,Zhuang CW,Fang Y(2011)Ecosystem services valuation of the Haihe River Basin wetlands.Acta Ecologica Sinica,31,2236-2244.(in Chinese with English abstract)[江波,欧阳志云,苗鸿,郑华,白杨,庄长伟,方瑜(2011)海河流域湿地生态系统服务功能价值评价.生态学报,31,2236-2244.]
Jiang W,Chen Z,Lei X,He B,Jia K,Zhang Y(2016)Simulation of urban agglomeration ecosystem spatial distributions under different scenarios:A case study of the ChangshaZhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration.Ecological Engineering,88,112-121.
Lacher IL,Ahmadisharaf E,Fergus C,Akre T,McShea WJ,Benham BL,Kline KS(2018)Scale-dependent impacts of urban and agricultural land use on nutrients,sediment,and runoff.Science of Total Environment,652,611-622.
Li C,Zheng H,Li S,Chen X,Li J,Zeng W,Liang Y,Polasky S,Feldman MW,Ruckelshaus M,Ouyang ZY,Daily GC(2015)Impacts of conservation and human development policy across stakeholders and scales.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,USA,112,7396-7401.
Li LY,Xing H,Wu YJ,Gong XF,Li L(2012)Assessment of forest ecosystem services value based on MA-Taking Suichang County in Zhejiang Province as the case.Issues of Forestry Economics,32,317-322.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李兰英,邢红,吴英俊,龚笑飞,李浪(2012)基于MA的森林生态系统服务价值评价--以浙江省遂昌县为例.林业经济问题,32,317-322.]
Li YF,Luo YC,Liu G,Ouyang ZY,Zheng H(2013)Effects of land use change on ecosystem services:A case study in Miyun Reservoir watershed.Acta Ecologica Sinica,33,726-736.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李屹峰,罗跃初,刘纲,欧阳志云,郑华(2013)土地利用变化对生态系统服务功能的影响--以密云水库流域为例.生态学报,33,726-736.]
MA(Millennium Ecosystem Assessment)(2005)Ecosystems and Human Well-being:Synthesis.Island Press/World Resources Institute,Washington,DC.
Mukul SA,Sohel MSI,Herbohn J,Inostroza L,K?nig H(2017)Integrating ecosystem services supply potential from future land-use scenarios in protected area management:ABangladesh case study.Ecosystem Services,26,355-364.
Nelson E,Mendoza G,Regetz J(2009)Modeling multiple ecosystem services,biodiversity conservation,commodity production,and tradeoffs at landscape scales.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,7,4-11.
Polasky S,Nelson E,Pennington D(2011)The impact of landuse change on ecosystem services,biodiversity and returns to landowners:A case study in the State of Minnesota.Environmental&Resource Economics,48,219-242.
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