基于GIS与数值模拟软件耦合的三维边坡建模方法及其稳定性研究
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摘要
基于地理信息系统(GIS)和数值模拟软件,提出了一套适用性强,运行流畅的三维边坡建模和模拟计算技术方案。此方案能充分利用复杂边坡的勘察历史资料,真正实现了从勘察数据处理-建立三维边坡模型-稳定性分析-结果反馈的边坡模拟全过程。为建立满足精度要求的模型,深入探讨了地表和土层的建模理论和方法,借助GRASS完成边坡的三维建模,并对已建模型进行详尽的误差分析,为量化建模质量提出了相应方法。用Python语言实现GIS和数值模拟软件的耦合,通过多个自主编写的程序和数据接口,完成不同平台间的数据传递和格式转换,避免了传输过程中数据的丢失或失真,还可深度挖掘已建模型的数据。借助杭口岭隧道工程实例,对此方案进行验证。分析结果表明,利用此方案建立的三维边坡模型,建模速度快,精度高,能准确地反映真实边坡的情况,并搜索到边坡潜在的最危险区域。
Based on the geographic information system(GIS) and numerical simulation software, a scheme was proposed to achieve the strong applicability and smooth operation of three-dimensional slope modelling and simulation. This scheme can make full use of the historical data of complex slopes and truly realize the entire process of slope simulation, including processing survey data, establishing slope model, stability analysis and result feedback. The modelling theory and method of surface and soil layers are analyzed in depth to establish a model that meets the accuracy requirements. The three-dimensional modelling of the slope is completed by GRASS, and detailed error analysis is discussed on the established model. The coupling of GIS and numerical simulation software is realized in the Python language. The data transfer and format conversion between different platforms can be completed through self-compiled programs and data interfaces, which can avoid the loss or distortion of the data in the transmission process. Python can also deeply mine the model data. Finally, this scheme is verified by Hangkouling tunnel project. The analysis results show that the three-dimensional slope model established by this scheme has characteristics of high speed and high precision and can accurately reflect the actual slope condition and search for the most dangerous area of the slope.
Based on the geographic information system(GIS) and numerical simulation software, a scheme was proposed to achieve the strong applicability and smooth operation of three-dimensional slope modelling and simulation. This scheme can make full use of the historical data of complex slopes and truly realize the entire process of slope simulation, including processing survey data, establishing slope model, stability analysis and result feedback. The modelling theory and method of surface and soil layers are analyzed in depth to establish a model that meets the accuracy requirements. The three-dimensional modelling of the slope is completed by GRASS, and detailed error analysis is discussed on the established model. The coupling of GIS and numerical simulation software is realized in the Python language. The data transfer and format conversion between different platforms can be completed through self-compiled programs and data interfaces, which can avoid the loss or distortion of the data in the transmission process. Python can also deeply mine the model data. Finally, this scheme is verified by Hangkouling tunnel project. The analysis results show that the three-dimensional slope model established by this scheme has characteristics of high speed and high precision and can accurately reflect the actual slope condition and search for the most dangerous area of the slope.
引文
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[14]王威,王水林,汤华,等.基于三维GIS的滑坡灾害监测预警系统及应用[J].岩土力学,2009,30(11):3379-3385.WANG Wei,WANG Shui-lin,TANG Hua,et al.Application of 3D GIS to monitoring and forecast system of landslide hazard[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(11):3379-3385.
[15]刘振平,杨波,刘建,等.基于GRASS GIS与TIN滑动面的边坡三维极限平衡方法研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(1):221-228.LIU Zhen-ping,YANG Bo,LIU Jian,et al.Threedimensional limit equilibrium method based on GRASSGIS and TIN sliding surface[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(1):221-228.
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[17]刘振平,贺怀建,朱发华.基于钻孔数据的三维可视化快速建模技术的研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(增刊1):260-266.LIU Zhen-ping,HE Huai-Jian,ZHU Fa-hua.Study of technology of fast 3D modeling and visualization based on borehole data[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(Suppl.1):260-266.
[18]易湘生,李国胜,尹衍雨,等.土壤厚度的空间插值方法比较--以青海三江源地区为例[J].地理研究,2012,31(10):1793-1805.YI Xiang-sheng,LI Guo-sheng,YIN Yan-yu.Comparison on soil depth prediction among different spatial interpolation methods:a case study in the Three-River Headwaters Region of Qinghai province[J].Geographical Research,2012,31(10):1793-1805.
[19]朱发华,贺怀建.复杂地层建模与三维可视化[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1919-1922.ZHU Fa-hua,HE Huai-Jian.Complex strata modeling and 3D visualization[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(6):1919-1922.
[20]朱良峰,孙建中,张成娟.沉积地层系统三维实体模型构建方法[J].岩土力学,2012,33(11):3243-3250.ZHU Liang-feng,SUN Jian-zhong,ZHANG Cheng-juan.Construction method of three-dimensional solid models for sedimentary stratigraphic systems[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(11):3243-3250.
[21]吴宗敏.散乱数据拟合的模型、方法和理论[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.WU Zong-min.Models,methods and theories of scattered data fitting[M].Beijing:China Science Press,2007.
[22]NETELER M.Estimating daily land surface temperatures in mountainous environments by reconstructed MODISLST data.[J].Remote Sensing,2010,2(1):333-351.
[23]MITASOVA H,MITAS L.Interpolation by regularized spline with tension:I.theory and implementation[J].Mathematical Geology,1993,25(6):641-655.
[24]HOFIERKA J,PARAJKA J,MITASOVA H,et al.Multivariate interpolation of precipitation using regularized spline with tension[J].Transactions in GIS,2002,6(2):135-150.
[2]张先伟,王常明,张国柱,等.三维边坡地质体建模方法及工程应用[J].地下空间与工程学报,2011,07(2):329-334.ZHANG Xian-wei,WANG Chang-ming,ZHANGGuo-zhu,et al.A three-dimensional geological slope modeling method and its engineering application[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space&Engineering,2011,7(2):329-334.
[3]朱良峰,庄智一.城市地下空间信息三维数据模型研究[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,43(2):29-40.ZHU Liang-feng,ZHUANG Zhi-yi.Survey and design of3D spatial data models for urban underground space information[J].Journal of East China Normal University,2009,43(2):29-40.
[4]朱良峰.基于GIS的三维地质建模及可视化系统关键技术研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2005.ZHU Liang-feng.Study on key techniques of 3Dgeological modeling and visualization system based on GIS[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2005.
[5]谢谟文,柴小庆,贾宁,等.滑坡实时监测网络地理信息系统研发及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10):2090-2102.XIE Mo-wen,CHAI Xiao-qing,JIA Ning,et al.Development and application of real-time monitoring web-GIS for landslides[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(10):2090-2102.
[6]刘振平,刘建,何雨微,等.3D GIS与有限元模拟无缝耦合方法及其在隧道工程中的应用研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(3):866-874.LIU Zhen-ping,LIU Jian,HE Yu-wei,et al.Seamless coupling of 3D GIS techniques with FEM and its application to tunneling engineering[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(3):866-874.
[7]李芳,梅红波,王伟森,等.降雨诱发的地质灾害气象风险预警模型:以云南省红河州监测示范区为例[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2017,42(9):1637-1646.LI Fang,MEI Hong-bo,WANG Wei-sen,et al.Rainfall-induced meteorological early warning of geo-hazards model:application to the monitoring demonstration area in Honghe prefecture,Yunnan province[J].Earth Science,2017,42(9):1637-1646.
[8]RAO M,FAN G,THOMAS J,et al.A web-based GISdecision support system for managing and planning USDA’s conservation reserve program(CRP)[J].Environmental Modelling&Software,2007,22(9):1270-1280.
[9]CARRARA A,GUZZETTI F,CARDINALI M,et al.Use of GIS technology in the prediction and monitoring of landslide hazard[J].Natural Hazards,1999,20(2-3):117-135.
[10]MICHAEL M,BAYNES F,SCOTT G,et al.Regional landslide risk to the Cairns community[J].Natural Hazards,2003,30(2):233-249.
[11]谢谟文,蔡美峰,江崎哲郎.基于GIS边坡稳定三维极限平衡方法的开发及应用[J].岩土力学,2006,27(1):117-122.XIE Mo-wen,CHAI Mei-feng,ESAKI Tetsuro.GIS-based three-dimensional slope stability limit equilibrium method and application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(1):117-122.
[12]王纯祥,蒋宇静,谢谟文,等.基于GIS区域边坡失稳灾害预测与评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2449-2454.WANG Chun-xiang,JIANG Yu-jing,XIE Mo-wen,et al.Prediction and assessment of regional slope-failure hazard based on GIS[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics&Engineering,2008,27(12):2449-2454.
[13]赵春宏,崔大勇,刘振波,等.GIS数据用于复杂边坡三维极限平衡稳定分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(3):707-711.ZHAO Chun-hong,CUI Da-yong,LIU Zhen-bo,et al.GIS data used for stability analysis of 3D limit equilibrium of complex slope[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(3):707-711.
[14]王威,王水林,汤华,等.基于三维GIS的滑坡灾害监测预警系统及应用[J].岩土力学,2009,30(11):3379-3385.WANG Wei,WANG Shui-lin,TANG Hua,et al.Application of 3D GIS to monitoring and forecast system of landslide hazard[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(11):3379-3385.
[15]刘振平,杨波,刘建,等.基于GRASS GIS与TIN滑动面的边坡三维极限平衡方法研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(1):221-228.LIU Zhen-ping,YANG Bo,LIU Jian,et al.Threedimensional limit equilibrium method based on GRASSGIS and TIN sliding surface[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(1):221-228.
[16]NETELER M,MITASOVA H.Open source GIS:a grass GIS approach,third edition[M].New York:Springer Science Business Media,2008.
[17]刘振平,贺怀建,朱发华.基于钻孔数据的三维可视化快速建模技术的研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(增刊1):260-266.LIU Zhen-ping,HE Huai-Jian,ZHU Fa-hua.Study of technology of fast 3D modeling and visualization based on borehole data[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(Suppl.1):260-266.
[18]易湘生,李国胜,尹衍雨,等.土壤厚度的空间插值方法比较--以青海三江源地区为例[J].地理研究,2012,31(10):1793-1805.YI Xiang-sheng,LI Guo-sheng,YIN Yan-yu.Comparison on soil depth prediction among different spatial interpolation methods:a case study in the Three-River Headwaters Region of Qinghai province[J].Geographical Research,2012,31(10):1793-1805.
[19]朱发华,贺怀建.复杂地层建模与三维可视化[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1919-1922.ZHU Fa-hua,HE Huai-Jian.Complex strata modeling and 3D visualization[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(6):1919-1922.
[20]朱良峰,孙建中,张成娟.沉积地层系统三维实体模型构建方法[J].岩土力学,2012,33(11):3243-3250.ZHU Liang-feng,SUN Jian-zhong,ZHANG Cheng-juan.Construction method of three-dimensional solid models for sedimentary stratigraphic systems[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(11):3243-3250.
[21]吴宗敏.散乱数据拟合的模型、方法和理论[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.WU Zong-min.Models,methods and theories of scattered data fitting[M].Beijing:China Science Press,2007.
[22]NETELER M.Estimating daily land surface temperatures in mountainous environments by reconstructed MODISLST data.[J].Remote Sensing,2010,2(1):333-351.
[23]MITASOVA H,MITAS L.Interpolation by regularized spline with tension:I.theory and implementation[J].Mathematical Geology,1993,25(6):641-655.
[24]HOFIERKA J,PARAJKA J,MITASOVA H,et al.Multivariate interpolation of precipitation using regularized spline with tension[J].Transactions in GIS,2002,6(2):135-150.