着火地铁列车继续行驶的火灾特性研究
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摘要
为了研究着火地铁列车在隧道内继续行驶的火灾特性,搭建1∶4的列车与隧道模型,通过改变风机的风速模拟地铁列车在隧道内行驶的不同速度,采用柴油油池火作为火源,分析火灾情况下车厢内温度分布。结果表明:着火列车静止时车厢内温度上升速率最快,温度峰值最大,随着风速增加,车厢内最高温度逐渐降低,但烟气蔓延速度也随之增大;较高的风速会抑制热烟气从车窗流出,导致车厢温度在火灾后期迅速升高,同时使车厢高温区域的范围增大,分析得到着火地铁列车继续行驶的安全速度在7～9 m/s之间;分析并拟合了车厢内上部温度与时间的关系式,发现车厢温度大致以幂指数的规律衰减。
In order to study the fire characteristics of the subway train running in the tunnel,a 1:4 train and tunnel model was built.By changing the wind speed of the fan,the different speeds of the subway train running in the tunnel was simulated.Diesel oil pool fire was used as the fire source,to analyze the temperature distribution in the carriage under the fire.The experimental results showed that: when the fire train is stationary,the speed of temperature rise in the compartment is the fastest,and the temperature peak is the largest; With the increase of wind speed,the maximum temperature in the compartment gradually decreases,but the speed of smoke diffusion also increases; High wind speed will restrain hot smoke from the windows,resulting in a rapid temperature rise in the compartment in the late stage of the fire,and the high temperature area in the compartment will be increased; The analysis shows that the safe speed of the burning subway train is 7～9 m/s; The relationship between temperature and time in the upper part of the carriage is also analyzed and fitted,and the temperature was found to be decrease following the exponential law.
In order to study the fire characteristics of the subway train running in the tunnel,a 1:4 train and tunnel model was built.By changing the wind speed of the fan,the different speeds of the subway train running in the tunnel was simulated.Diesel oil pool fire was used as the fire source,to analyze the temperature distribution in the carriage under the fire.The experimental results showed that: when the fire train is stationary,the speed of temperature rise in the compartment is the fastest,and the temperature peak is the largest; With the increase of wind speed,the maximum temperature in the compartment gradually decreases,but the speed of smoke diffusion also increases; High wind speed will restrain hot smoke from the windows,resulting in a rapid temperature rise in the compartment in the late stage of the fire,and the high temperature area in the compartment will be increased; The analysis shows that the safe speed of the burning subway train is 7～9 m/s; The relationship between temperature and time in the upper part of the carriage is also analyzed and fitted,and the temperature was found to be decrease following the exponential law.
引文
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[2]LONNERMARK A,INGASON H.Gas temperatures in heavy goods vehicle fires in tunnels[J].Fire Safety Journal,2005,40:506-527.
[3]徐志胜,周庆,徐彧,等.运行旅客列车隧道火灾模拟实验研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2003 13(7):8-11.
[4]李大燕,朱国庆.全尺寸汽车燃烧试验火蔓延及火场温度研究[J].消防科学与技术,2017,36(7):906-910.
[5]屈璐,陈超.地铁列车区间隧道着火时行车安全性的讨论[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(5):832-836.
[6]郗艳红,顾丛汇.地铁站台上列车车厢内部火灾的数值模拟分析[J].北京交通大学学报,2015,39(4):70-76.
[7]赵永昌,朱国庆,高云骥.城市地下综合管廊火灾烟气温度场研究[J].消防科学与技术,2017,36(1):37-40.
[8]王方宇.地铁区间隧道风速分布特性及监测方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.
[9]严恩泽,陈南,周洋.活塞风作用下地铁隧道火灾烟气蔓延规律及探测器选型[J].消防科学与技术,2016,35(11):1536-1540.
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[11]纪杰.地铁站火灾烟气流动及通风控制模式研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2008.
[12]谷思念.地铁隧道火灾温度场分布及基于热力耦合的结构损伤研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2016.