基于μPMU相量信息的配电网络故障测距方法
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摘要
配电网参数不准确是影响配电网故障测距精度的主要原因之一,同时实际中配电线路不对称较为严重,也在一定程度上影响了故障测距精度。传统配电网阻抗法故障测距多采用电压电流序分量幅值信息,其精度受到互感器及现场条件制约,难以有本质提高。随着微型同步相量测量单元(micro phasor measurement unit,?PMU)在配电网中的应用,可以获取高精度的相位信息,为基于在线参数辨识的配电网故障测距提供了条件。提出了一种基于μPMU相量信息的配电线路故障测距方法。首先,量化分析了实际配电线路参数误差对故障测距结果的影响,采用考虑线路耦合与线路三相不平衡的集中参数模型。其次,结合μPMU高精度测量的线路正常运行数据与故障数据,以线路参数与故障距离同时作为未知参数,挖掘线路首、末端信息得到的故障点电压相量特性,以电压相量差模值最小作为目标函数,以相角相等作为约束条件,利用内点法优化同时求取实时线路参数与故障距离。最后,在PSCAD中搭建了仿真模型进行验证,仿真结果表明文中提出的算法可以根据故障前后的信息辨识线路参数,并具有较高的故障测距精度。
Inaccurate distribution network parameters is one of the main reasons affecting fault location accuracy of distribution network. At the same time, severe asymmetry of actual distribution line also affects fault location accuracy to a certain extent. Most traditional distribution network impedance fault location methods use voltage and current amplitude information. Its accuracy is limited by transformer and site conditions, and is difficult to improve. With application of micro phasor measurement unit(μPMU) in distribution network, it provides conditions for distribution network fault location based on online parameter identification. This paper presents a distribution line fault location method based on μPMU phasor information. Firstly, the location error caused by distribution line parameter imbalance and theoretical line parameter inaccuracy are analyzed through quantified method. The concentrated parameter model based on phase components is considered. Secondly, combined with the high-accuracy operational data measured with μPMU, real-time line parameters are used to form constraints. The voltage phasor characteristics of the fault point are exploited, taking the minimum value of amplitude difference as objective function and angle equality as a constraint. The internal point method is used to obtain the real-time line parameters and fault distance simultaneously. Finally, a simulation model is built in PSCAD, giving the results of improved location accuracy.
Inaccurate distribution network parameters is one of the main reasons affecting fault location accuracy of distribution network. At the same time, severe asymmetry of actual distribution line also affects fault location accuracy to a certain extent. Most traditional distribution network impedance fault location methods use voltage and current amplitude information. Its accuracy is limited by transformer and site conditions, and is difficult to improve. With application of micro phasor measurement unit(μPMU) in distribution network, it provides conditions for distribution network fault location based on online parameter identification. This paper presents a distribution line fault location method based on μPMU phasor information. Firstly, the location error caused by distribution line parameter imbalance and theoretical line parameter inaccuracy are analyzed through quantified method. The concentrated parameter model based on phase components is considered. Secondly, combined with the high-accuracy operational data measured with μPMU, real-time line parameters are used to form constraints. The voltage phasor characteristics of the fault point are exploited, taking the minimum value of amplitude difference as objective function and angle equality as a constraint. The internal point method is used to obtain the real-time line parameters and fault distance simultaneously. Finally, a simulation model is built in PSCAD, giving the results of improved location accuracy.
引文
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[13]徐军,周健,刘大伟.基于同步相量数据的配电网故障测距方法[J].电气技术,2017,18(5):40-43.Xu Jun,Zhou Jian,Liu Dawei.Distribution network fault location method based on synchronous phasor data[J].Electrical Engineering,2017,18(5):40-43(in Chinese).
[14]李胜芳,范春菊,郁惟镛.一种基于PMU的线路自适应故障测距算法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2004,32(10):6-9.Li Shengfang,Fan Chunju,Yu Weiyong.An adaptive fault location algorithm based on PMU for transmission line[J].Power System Protection and Control,2004,32(10):6-9(in Chinese).
[15]姜杰,郭威,黄文兴,等.基于故障数据的线路分布参数时域辨识方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013(14):7-12.Jiang Jie,Guo Wei,Huang Wenxing,et al.Distributed parameter time domain identification method of transmission lines based on fault records[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013(14):7-12(in Chinese).
[16]Wang C,Jia Q Q,Li X B,et al.Fault location using synchronized sequence measurements[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2008,30(2):134-139.
[17]郝玉山.输电线路参数辨识[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2017.
[18]Stephen Boyd,Lieven Vandenberghe,王书.凸优化[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.
[19]王茂海,鲍捷,张哲.基于PMU实测数据的输电线路参数在线辨识方法[C]//中国电机工程学会年会.天津.2009:1-5.
[2]鹿洪刚,覃剑,陈祥训.35 kV电力电缆在线故障测距仿真研究[J].电网技术,2008,32(24):81-87.Lu Honggang,Qin Jian,Chen Xiangchuan.Simulative research of on-line fault location for 35 kV power cable[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(24):81-87(in Chinese).
[3]马士聪,高厚磊,徐丙垠,等.配电网故障定位技术综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(11):119-124.Ma Shicong,Gao Houlei,Xu Bingyin,et al.A survey of fault location methods in distribution network[J].Power System Protection and Control,2009,37(11):119-124(in Chinese).
[4]Wang F,Zhou H,Hu W,et al.Summary of distribution network fault location technique[C]//International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering.Yichang,China:IEEE,2011:2604-2609.
[5]高文焘.基于μPMU的主动配电网故障定位技术研究[D].北京:北京理工大学,2016.
[6]Qi Y,Wen Z,Jia H.Distribution network fault location algorithm based on zero-sequence current phase[C]//Engineering and Technology.Wuhan,China:IEEE.2012:1-4.
[7]倪广魁,鲍海,张利,等.基于零序电流突变量的配电网单相故障带电定位判据[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(31):118-122.Ni Guangkui,Bao Hai,Zhang Li,et al.Criterion based on the fault component of zero sequence current for online fault location of single-phase fault in distribution network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(31):118-122(in Chinese).
[8]周湶,马小敏,陈伟根,等.基于Zigbee和零序电流增量法的配网单相接地故障定位方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(9):62-68.Zhou Quan,Ma Xiaomin,Chen Weigen,et al.A solution based on Zigbee and component of zero sequence current for online fault location of single-phase fault in distribution network[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(9):62-68(in Chinese).
[9]贾清泉,王振宇,王宁,等.基于参数辨识的消弧线圈接地电网单相接地故障测距方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(23):77-85.Jia Qingquan,Wang Zhennning,Wang Ning,et al.A singlephase-to-ground fault locating algorithm for arc-suppression-coil earthed power distribution systems based on parameter estimation[J].Transactions of China Electro-technical Society,2016,31(23):77-85(in Chinese).
[10]Meier A V,Stewart E,Mceachern A,et al.Precision micro-synchrophasors for distribution systems:a summary of applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2017,PP(99):1-1.
[11]靳夏宁,汪芙平,王赞基.基于PMU动态同步相量测量的故障测距[J].电网技术,2013,37(10):2932-2937.Jin Xianing,Wang Fuping,Wang Zanji.Research on fault location based on dynamic synchronous phasor measurement by PMU[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(10):2932-2937(in Chinese).
[12]刘永军,刘敏.配电网下基于PMU量测的混合故障测距法[J].电测与仪表,2016,53(17):39-43.Liu Yongjun,Liu Min.Resea ch of hybrid fault location method based on PMU for distribution networks[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2016,53(17):39-43(in Chinese).
[13]徐军,周健,刘大伟.基于同步相量数据的配电网故障测距方法[J].电气技术,2017,18(5):40-43.Xu Jun,Zhou Jian,Liu Dawei.Distribution network fault location method based on synchronous phasor data[J].Electrical Engineering,2017,18(5):40-43(in Chinese).
[14]李胜芳,范春菊,郁惟镛.一种基于PMU的线路自适应故障测距算法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2004,32(10):6-9.Li Shengfang,Fan Chunju,Yu Weiyong.An adaptive fault location algorithm based on PMU for transmission line[J].Power System Protection and Control,2004,32(10):6-9(in Chinese).
[15]姜杰,郭威,黄文兴,等.基于故障数据的线路分布参数时域辨识方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013(14):7-12.Jiang Jie,Guo Wei,Huang Wenxing,et al.Distributed parameter time domain identification method of transmission lines based on fault records[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013(14):7-12(in Chinese).
[16]Wang C,Jia Q Q,Li X B,et al.Fault location using synchronized sequence measurements[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2008,30(2):134-139.
[17]郝玉山.输电线路参数辨识[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2017.
[18]Stephen Boyd,Lieven Vandenberghe,王书.凸优化[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.
[19]王茂海,鲍捷,张哲.基于PMU实测数据的输电线路参数在线辨识方法[C]//中国电机工程学会年会.天津.2009:1-5.