滇东北地区华山松与云南松的地表凋落物载量及火强度对比研究
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摘要
通过调研、布设样地样方、取样方可燃物等过程,将滇东北地区的优势树种华山松、云南松的地表凋落物划分为枯枝、凋落物上层和凋落物下层3个层级,分别收集后在实验室燃烧床上分别以下坡点火和上坡点火的方式,模拟实际森林样地坡度的上坡火和下坡火的燃烧状况,测定其不同点火方式的火行为参数。结果表明:云南松的地表凋落物烧除率远远高于华山松地表凋落物的烧除率,二者可燃物载量除凋落物下层外基本保持一致,热辐射值也基本一致,但二者均低于弱强度火界定值500 kW/m。因此,当前滇东北地区难以形成树冠火。
Through the investigation, layout of sample plots, sampling of combustibles and other processes.The surface litter of the dominant species, Pinus armandii and P. yunnanensis, in northeastern Yunnan are divided into 3 levels: dead branch, upper layer litter and lower layer litter. After the collection, respectively, the following slope ignition and uphill ignition methods were performed on the laboratory combustion bed to simulate the combustion conditions of the uphill and downhill fires of the actual forest plot slope, and the fire behavior parameters of different ignition modes were determined. The results show that the burning rate of surface litter in P. yunnanensis is much higher than that in P. armandii. The combustible load of the 2 materials is basically the same except for the lower layer of litter, and the heat radiation values are basically the same, but both of them are lower than the weak intensity fire value of 500 kW/m. Therefore, it is difficult to form a canopy fire in northeastern Yunnan.
Through the investigation, layout of sample plots, sampling of combustibles and other processes.The surface litter of the dominant species, Pinus armandii and P. yunnanensis, in northeastern Yunnan are divided into 3 levels: dead branch, upper layer litter and lower layer litter. After the collection, respectively, the following slope ignition and uphill ignition methods were performed on the laboratory combustion bed to simulate the combustion conditions of the uphill and downhill fires of the actual forest plot slope, and the fire behavior parameters of different ignition modes were determined. The results show that the burning rate of surface litter in P. yunnanensis is much higher than that in P. armandii. The combustible load of the 2 materials is basically the same except for the lower layer of litter, and the heat radiation values are basically the same, but both of them are lower than the weak intensity fire value of 500 kW/m. Therefore, it is difficult to form a canopy fire in northeastern Yunnan.
引文
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[2]李旭,王秋华,张雨瑶.滇中火灾高发区15种木本植物燃烧性研究[J].林业调查规划,2016,41(2):62-68.
[3]乔虹,白晋华,南宏伟,等.油松辽东栎凋落叶可燃物载量对火行为的影响[J].防护林科技,2018(9):6-8,12.
[4]杨万勤,邓仁菊,张健.森林凋落物分解及其对全球气候变化的响应[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(12):2889-2895.
[5]郑永波,李智,廖周瑜,等.西南林区4种易燃可燃物的质量估测方法[J].林业资源管理,2013(1):98-101.
[6]Roder A,Hill J,Duguy B,et al.Using long time series of Landsat data to monitor fire events and post-fire dynamics and identify driving factors.A case study in the Ayora region(eastern Spain)[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(1):259-273.
[7]王秋华,单保君,龚家平,等.滇中地区云南松纯林计划烧除研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2018,40(2):235-240.
[8]王秋华,李伟,刘世远,等.滇中昆明地区森林火灾的火环境研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2015,37(1):108-113.
[9]胡海清.利用林分特征因子预测森林地被可燃物载量的研究[J].林业科学,2005,41(5):96-100.
[10]王秋华,徐伟恒,李伟,等.滇中地区地盘松林地表凋落物的潜在能量研究[J].林业调查规划,2014,39(6):16-20.
[11]王秋华,徐伟恒,李世友,等.地盘松林地表可燃物的燃烧火行为[J].消防科学与技术,2015,34(3):281-284.
[12]郑焕能,骆介禹,耿玉超.几种林火强度计算方法的评价[J].东北林业大学学报,1988,16(5):103-108.
[13]李世友,李小宁,李生红,等.3种针叶树种树皮的阻燃性研究[J].浙江林学院学报,2007,24(2):192-197.
[14]王正非.山火初始蔓延速度测算法[J].山地研究,1983,1(2):42-51.
[15]Bowman D M J S,Balch J,Artaxo P,et al.The human dimension of fire regimes on Earth[J].Journal of Biogeography,2011,38(12):2223-2236.
[16]Viegas D X,Pita L P.Fire spread in canyons[J].International Journal of Wildland Fire,2004,13(3):253.
[17]Stephens S L,Moghaddas J J.Experimental fuel treatment impacts on forest structure,potential fire behavior,and predicted tree mortality in a California mixed conifer forest[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2005,215(1/2/3):21-36.
[18]唐季林,欧国菁.林火对云南松林土壤性质的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,1995,17(2):44-49.
[19]李世友,金贵军,周全,等.3种针叶树种树皮抗火性研究[J].浙江林业科技,2006,26(4):6-9.
[20]孙龙,鲁佳宇,魏书精,等.森林可燃物载量估测方法研究进展[J].森林工程,2013,29(2):26-31,37.