黄河上游巴彦高勒至头道拐河段输沙优化调控研究
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摘要
近年来黄河上游宁蒙河段主槽淤积,中小流量下水位明显抬高,洪涝灾害频发。通过建立黄河上游巴彦高勒到头道拐河段水沙数学模型,研究了不同水沙条件下该河段的累计排沙比和累计冲淤量,得到了来水来沙条件与输沙效果的相关关系,计算不同流量下优化输沙的临界含沙量。在此基础上,提出了河道输沙效率指标,得到了适合巴彦高勒至头道拐河段输沙的洪水流量与洪水冲沙历时。研究结果表明,巴彦高勒到头道拐河段水库调节宜采用10天作为冲刷的单位时间,即每次冲刷时间控制为10天,汛期采用多次冲刷,河道输沙效果较好。
Main channel of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia reach is heavy silting in recent years, and the water level raised obviously during middle or small flow discharge, and the flood disasters take place frequently. In this paper, the water and sediment numerical model is established for study the reach from Bayangaole to Toudaoguai in the Yellow River. The cumulative sediment delivery rate and the cumulative erosion and deposition amount of the river under different water and sediment conditions are studied by the model. Besides, the relationship between the incoming water and sediment and sediment transport efficiency is established to calculate the critical sediment concentration under different flow discharge. Finally, the index of river sediment transport efficiency was provided, for the suitable flood discharge and flood duration from the Bayangaole to Toudaoguai reach. Results show that the flushing period should be 10 days in Bayangaole to Toudaoguai reach during the reservoir operation.
Main channel of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia reach is heavy silting in recent years, and the water level raised obviously during middle or small flow discharge, and the flood disasters take place frequently. In this paper, the water and sediment numerical model is established for study the reach from Bayangaole to Toudaoguai in the Yellow River. The cumulative sediment delivery rate and the cumulative erosion and deposition amount of the river under different water and sediment conditions are studied by the model. Besides, the relationship between the incoming water and sediment and sediment transport efficiency is established to calculate the critical sediment concentration under different flow discharge. Finally, the index of river sediment transport efficiency was provided, for the suitable flood discharge and flood duration from the Bayangaole to Toudaoguai reach. Results show that the flushing period should be 10 days in Bayangaole to Toudaoguai reach during the reservoir operation.
引文
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[13] 申冠卿,张原锋,侯素珍,等.黄河上游干流水库调节水沙对宁蒙河道的影响[J].泥沙研究,2007(1):67-75.
[14] 陈雄波,杨振立,鲁俊.龙刘水库运用方式调整对宁蒙河道冲淤的影响[J].人民黄河,2013,35(10):45-47.
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[16] 唐华,林秀芝,胡恬,等.黄河巴彦高勒—头道拐河段冲淤变化与分布[J].人民黄河,2015,37(7):5-8+12.
[17] 范小黎,师长兴,白建斌,等.黄河宁蒙段河道输沙率研究[J].泥沙研究,2015(6):27-33.
[18] 魏婧.黄河内蒙段河床冲淤演变特征及影响因素分析[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014.
[19] 张红武,黄远东,赵连军,等.黄河下游非恒定输沙数学模型—Ⅰ模型方程与数值方法[J].水科学进展,2002,13(3):265-270.
[20] 韦直林,谢鉴衡,傅国岩,等.黄河下游河床变形长期预测数学模型的研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1997,30(6):1-5.
[2] 白涛,阚艳彬,畅建霞,等.水库群水沙调控的单-多目标调度模型及其应用[J].水科学进展,2016,27(1):116-127.
[3] 孙东坡,刘明潇,张晓雷,等.冲积性河流河床冲淤调整对洪水泥沙过程的响应——以黄河游荡型河段为例[J].水科学进展,2014,25(5):668-676.
[4] 吴保生,王永强,王彦君,等.黄河内蒙古河道冲淤及同流量水位的变化特点[J].泥沙研究,2015(3):8-14.
[5] 赵文林,程秀文,侯素珍,等.黄河上游宁蒙河道冲淤变化分析[J].人民黄河,1999,21(6):11-14.
[6] 刘晓燕,侯素珍,常温花.黄河内蒙古河段主槽萎缩原因和对策[J].水利学报,2009,40(9):1048-1054.
[7] Qin Yi,Zhang Xiaofang,Wang Fenglong,et al.Scour and silting evolution and its influencing factors in Inner Mongolian Reach of the Yellow River [J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2011,21(6):1037-1046.
[8] 师长兴,邵文伟,范小黎,等.黄河内蒙古段洪峰特征及水沙关系变化[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(9):1124-1132.
[9] 师长兴,范小黎,邵文伟,等.黄河内蒙河段河床冲淤演变特征及原因[J].地理研究,2013,32(5):787-796.
[10] 田世民,邓从响,谢宝丰,等.龙刘水库联合运用对宁蒙河道冲淤的影响[J].水利水电科技进展,2013,33(3):59-63.
[11] 段高云,陈松伟,钱裕.调水调沙治理宁蒙河道淤积萎缩的可行性研究[J].人民黄河,2013,35(10):42-44.
[12] 胡春宏,张治昊.黄河下游河道萎缩过程中洪水水位变化研究[J].水利学报,2012,43(8):883-890.
[13] 申冠卿,张原锋,侯素珍,等.黄河上游干流水库调节水沙对宁蒙河道的影响[J].泥沙研究,2007(1):67-75.
[14] 陈雄波,杨振立,鲁俊.龙刘水库运用方式调整对宁蒙河道冲淤的影响[J].人民黄河,2013,35(10):45-47.
[15] 袁杜帆.黄河下游河道冲淤演变的分析[J].水资源保护,2005,21(2):50-52+56.
[16] 唐华,林秀芝,胡恬,等.黄河巴彦高勒—头道拐河段冲淤变化与分布[J].人民黄河,2015,37(7):5-8+12.
[17] 范小黎,师长兴,白建斌,等.黄河宁蒙段河道输沙率研究[J].泥沙研究,2015(6):27-33.
[18] 魏婧.黄河内蒙段河床冲淤演变特征及影响因素分析[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014.
[19] 张红武,黄远东,赵连军,等.黄河下游非恒定输沙数学模型—Ⅰ模型方程与数值方法[J].水科学进展,2002,13(3):265-270.
[20] 韦直林,谢鉴衡,傅国岩,等.黄河下游河床变形长期预测数学模型的研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1997,30(6):1-5.