不同坡位植被生长状况与土壤养分空间分布特征
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摘要
地形和土壤是影响植被群落的重要因素,植被生长状况与土壤养分含量随地形而变化。以吴起县枣庄沟小流域为研究区,采用样方法对不同坡位草地植被群落进行了植被调查,采集0—20cm的表层土壤测定土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量,研究不同坡位上植被群落与土壤养分变化关系,以期了解黄土高原丘陵沟壑区地形对植被恢复的影响机制,为当地生态恢复提供科学依据与指导。结果表明:不同坡位上草地植被群落物种多样性、丰富度及地上生物量虽无显著差异,但各项指标均表现出坡下>坡中>坡上的趋势,这与土壤养分含量变化趋势相同。其中坡下位置各项土壤养分含量均为最大,植被生长状况最好;而沟坡位置土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、物种丰富度指数与地上生物量均为最低。植被生长状况与土壤养分在不同地形上变化趋势基本一致,具有一定相关性。
Topography and soil are important factors affecting vegetation communities,and vegetation growth and soil nutrient content varied with topography.Zaozhuanggou watershed of Wuqi County was selected as the research area,the quadrat method was used in vegetation community and the surface soil of 0—20 cm was collected to determine the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen and total phosphorus in different slopes.The relationship between the vegetation and soil nutrient changes on the different slopes was analyzed,in order to understand the hilly-gully loess plateau terrain effect on vegetation restoration mechanism and provide the scientific basis and guidance for the local ecosystem restoration.The results showed that there were no significant differences in species diversity,richness and aboveground biomass of grassland vegetation communities in different slopes,but all indexes decreased in the order:lower slope>middle slope>upper slope,it was the same as the changes in soil nutrients content.In lower slope,the soil nutrient contents are the largest,and the vegetation growth is best;however,the SOM,TD,Margalef and aboveground biomass are all the lowest in groove slope.The growth status of vegetation and soil nutrients in different slopes are basically the same,and there is a correlation between them.
Topography and soil are important factors affecting vegetation communities,and vegetation growth and soil nutrient content varied with topography.Zaozhuanggou watershed of Wuqi County was selected as the research area,the quadrat method was used in vegetation community and the surface soil of 0—20 cm was collected to determine the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen and total phosphorus in different slopes.The relationship between the vegetation and soil nutrient changes on the different slopes was analyzed,in order to understand the hilly-gully loess plateau terrain effect on vegetation restoration mechanism and provide the scientific basis and guidance for the local ecosystem restoration.The results showed that there were no significant differences in species diversity,richness and aboveground biomass of grassland vegetation communities in different slopes,but all indexes decreased in the order:lower slope>middle slope>upper slope,it was the same as the changes in soil nutrients content.In lower slope,the soil nutrient contents are the largest,and the vegetation growth is best;however,the SOM,TD,Margalef and aboveground biomass are all the lowest in groove slope.The growth status of vegetation and soil nutrients in different slopes are basically the same,and there is a correlation between them.
引文
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[22] Kikuchi T,Miura O.Vegetation patterns in relation to micro-scale landforms in hilly land regions[J].Vegetatio,1993,106(2):147-154.
[23] Wang Z Q.Preliminary discussion on ecological environment construction in the gullied rolling loess region in northern Shaanxi[J].Soil Water Conservation,2000(8):26-28.
[24]李登科.陕北黄土高原丘陵沟壑区植被覆盖变化及其对气候的响应[C]∥中国气象学会年会,2009.
[25]王晓燕.燕沟流域侵蚀强度演变特征研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2003.
[26]张庆,牛建明,Alexander B,等.不同坡位植被分异及土壤效应:以内蒙古短花针茅草原为例[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(11):1167-1181.
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[28] Post W M,Kwon K C.Soil carbon sequestration and land-use change:processes and potential[J].Global Change Biology,2000,6(3):317-327.
[29] Jobbagy E G,Jackson R B.The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation[J].Ecological Applications,2000,10(2):423-436.
[30]汝海丽,张海东,焦峰,等.黄土丘陵区微地形条件下草本群落特征与土壤水分及养分关系分析[J].草地学报,2016,24(4):776-782.
[31] Gregorich E G,Anderson D W.Effects of cultivation and erosion on soils of four toposequences in the Canadian prairies[J].Geoderma,1985,36(3):343-354.
[32]刘军秀.荒漠草原区丘陵不同地貌部位土壤理化性质与植被生长状况研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2016.
[33]高雪松,邓良基,张世熔.不同利用方式与坡位土壤物理性质及养分特征分析[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(2):53-56.
[34]聂莹莹,李新娥,王刚.阳坡—阴坡生境梯度上植物群落α多样性与β多样性的变化模式及与环境因子的关系[J].兰州大学学报:自科版,2010,46(3):73-79.
[2]胡相明,程积民,万惠娥,等.黄土丘陵区地形、土壤水分与草地的景观格局(英文)[J].生态学报,2006,26(10):3276-3285.
[3]秦松,樊燕,刘洪斌,等.地形因子与土壤养分空间分布的相关性研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(1):46-49.
[4] Xu Y,Zhang J H,Han S J,et al.[Spatial heterogeneity of soil inorganic nitrogen in a broadleaved-Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountains of northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(7):1627-1634.
[5]李建辉,李晓秀,张汪寿,等.基于地统计学的北运河下游土壤养分空间分布[J].地理科学,2011,31(8):1001-1006.
[6] Chuai X W,Huang X J,Wan-Jing W,et al.Spatial variability of soil organic carbon and related factors in Jiangsu Province,China[J].Pedosphere,2012,22(3):404-414.
[7] Jenny H.The soil resource:Origin and behavior[M].Springer Science&Business Media,2012.
[8] Honeycutt C W,Heil R D,Cole C V.Climatic and topographic relations of three Great Plains soils:Ⅱ.Carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1990,54(2):476-483.
[9] Norton J B,Sandor J A,White C S.Hillslope soils and organic matter dynamics within a native american agroecosystem on the colorado plateau[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2003,67(1):225-234.
[10]张宏伟,魏忠义,王秋兵.沈阳城市土壤全钾和碱解氮的空间变异性[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(7):1517-1521.
[11] Schwanghart W,Jarmer T.Linking spatial patterns of soil organic carbon to topography:A case study from south-eastern Spain[J].Geomorphology,2011,126(1):252-263.
[12]高美荣,朱波,黄菊英,等.紫色土坡地尺度土壤养分的空间变异特性[J].西南农业学报,2007,20(6):1241-1245.
[13] Chuangmin L,Changzhe L,minhua S.Multivariate statistical analysis techniques applicated in differentiation of soil fertility[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1996,16(4):444-447.
[14]刘世梁,郭旭东,连纲,等.黄土高原土壤养分空间变异的多尺度分析:以横山县为例[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(5):105-108.
[15] Ciha A J.Slope position and grain yield of soft white winter wheat 1[J].Agronomy Journal,1982,76(2):193-196.
[16] Geiger S C,Manu A,Bationo A.Changes in a sandy sahelian soil following crop residue and fertilizer additions[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1992,56(1):172-177.
[17]曾庆华.泥沙研究进展综述[J].泥沙研究,1999(1):74-80.
[18]张胜利,任京柱.开矿对小流域水沙的影响研究[J].水土保持学报,1992,6(2):76-79.
[19]陈浩.流域系统水沙过程变异规律研究进展[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(5):102-107.
[20] Hara M,Hirata K,Fujihara M,et al.Vegetation structure in relation to micro-landform in an evergreen broad-leaved forest on Amami Ohshima Island,south-west Japan[J].Ecological Research,1996,11(3):325-337.
[21] Sakai A,Ohsawa M.Topographical pattern of the forest vegetation on a river basin in a warm-temperate hilly region,central Japan[J].Ecological Research,1994,9(3):269-280.
[22] Kikuchi T,Miura O.Vegetation patterns in relation to micro-scale landforms in hilly land regions[J].Vegetatio,1993,106(2):147-154.
[23] Wang Z Q.Preliminary discussion on ecological environment construction in the gullied rolling loess region in northern Shaanxi[J].Soil Water Conservation,2000(8):26-28.
[24]李登科.陕北黄土高原丘陵沟壑区植被覆盖变化及其对气候的响应[C]∥中国气象学会年会,2009.
[25]王晓燕.燕沟流域侵蚀强度演变特征研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2003.
[26]张庆,牛建明,Alexander B,等.不同坡位植被分异及土壤效应:以内蒙古短花针茅草原为例[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(11):1167-1181.
[27] Davidson E A,Ackerman I L.Changes in soil carbon inventories following cultivation of previously untilled soils[J].Biogeochemistry,1993,20(3):161-193.
[28] Post W M,Kwon K C.Soil carbon sequestration and land-use change:processes and potential[J].Global Change Biology,2000,6(3):317-327.
[29] Jobbagy E G,Jackson R B.The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation[J].Ecological Applications,2000,10(2):423-436.
[30]汝海丽,张海东,焦峰,等.黄土丘陵区微地形条件下草本群落特征与土壤水分及养分关系分析[J].草地学报,2016,24(4):776-782.
[31] Gregorich E G,Anderson D W.Effects of cultivation and erosion on soils of four toposequences in the Canadian prairies[J].Geoderma,1985,36(3):343-354.
[32]刘军秀.荒漠草原区丘陵不同地貌部位土壤理化性质与植被生长状况研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2016.
[33]高雪松,邓良基,张世熔.不同利用方式与坡位土壤物理性质及养分特征分析[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(2):53-56.
[34]聂莹莹,李新娥,王刚.阳坡—阴坡生境梯度上植物群落α多样性与β多样性的变化模式及与环境因子的关系[J].兰州大学学报:自科版,2010,46(3):73-79.