非同期合闸引起的变压器铁心饱和
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摘要
利用三维有限元软件建立变压器的仿真模型,该模型不仅考虑了变压器绕组的空间位置和连接方式,还考虑了变压器铁心材料的饱和度,以此模型研究了非同期合闸引起的变压器铁心饱和对变压器短路阻抗、发电机次暂态电流和电网电流的影响。分析表明,随着电压的升高,变压器的铁心逐渐进入饱和状态,短路阻抗值也越来越小。非同期合闸时,合闸开关的位置不同对非同期电流的影响也是不相同的,当合闸开关位于变压器的高压侧时,铁心饱和,非同期电流对发电机的冲击作用会减弱,对电网的冲击作用会增强。结果对于设计发电机和确定合闸开关位置有着重要的指导意义。
Three-dimensional finite element software was applied to build the simulation model of transformer which not only considers the spatial location and connecting methods of transformer winding but also takes the saturation of iron core material for transformer into account. Based on this model,the influence of the saturation of iron core on transformer short circuit impedance,secondary transient current of generator and power grid current caused by non-synchronous closing were studied. As the voltage increases,the iron core of transformer gradually enters the saturation state with increasingly lower values of short circuit impedance. In non-synchronous closing,the different locations of closing also exert different effects on non-synchronous current. When the closing switch is located at the high-voltage side of transformer,the iron core becomes saturated. Meanwhile,the impact of non-synchronous current on generator will be reduced while its impact on power grid will be enhanced. Results is significant for design of generators and determination of closing switch location.
Three-dimensional finite element software was applied to build the simulation model of transformer which not only considers the spatial location and connecting methods of transformer winding but also takes the saturation of iron core material for transformer into account. Based on this model,the influence of the saturation of iron core on transformer short circuit impedance,secondary transient current of generator and power grid current caused by non-synchronous closing were studied. As the voltage increases,the iron core of transformer gradually enters the saturation state with increasingly lower values of short circuit impedance. In non-synchronous closing,the different locations of closing also exert different effects on non-synchronous current. When the closing switch is located at the high-voltage side of transformer,the iron core becomes saturated. Meanwhile,the impact of non-synchronous current on generator will be reduced while its impact on power grid will be enhanced. Results is significant for design of generators and determination of closing switch location.
引文
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[22]刘志刚.干式空心电抗器关键参数的数值分析与产品优化设计[D].西安:西安交通大学,2004.
[23]李岩,李龙女,井永腾,等.轴向双分裂发电机变压器漏磁场及穿越电路阻抗计算与分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(6):1623.LI Yan,LI Longnu,YE Jing,et al. Calculation and analysis ofleakage magnetic field and short-circuit impedance in axial dual-low-voltage split-winding transformer[J]. High Voltage Engineer-ing,2014,40(6):1623.
[24]周国伟,李洪春,刘文洲.利用最小能量原理计算变压器零序阻抗的方法[J].变压器,2007,44(3):12.ZHOU Guowei,LI Hongchun,LIU Wenzhou. Method to calculatetransformer zero-sequence impedance with minimum energy prin-ciple[J]. Transformer,2007,44(3):12.
[2]董张卓,付凯歌,伍弘.小型机组非同期合闸事故分析与改造方案[J].电力学报,2015(6):488.DONG Zhangzhuo,FU Kaige,WU Hong. Analysis and solutionsabout an accident caused by asynchronous switch closing of smallgenerator unit[J]. Journal of Electric Power,2015(6):488.
[3]郑玉平,何大瑞,潘书燕.变压器铁心饱和统一模型建立及其判别方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(24):118.ZHENG Yuping,HE Darui,PAN Shuyan,Unified model devel-opment and identification method of transformer core saturation[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(24):118.
[4]林济铿,王超,吕晓艳,等.采用统一磁路及空载试验的变压器饱和模型[J].高电压技术,2011,37(2):422.LIN Jikeng,WANG Chao,LXiaoyan,et al. Saturation model oftransformer using unified magnetic equivalent circuit model and no-load experiment[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2011, 37(2):422.
[5]翁汉琍,杨国稳,相艳会,等.变压器饱和对交流电网直流电流分布的影响[J].高电压技术,2016,42(10):3295.WENG Hanli,YANG Guowen,XIANG Yanhui,et al. Effect oftransformer saturation on the dc di-stribution of ac power system[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(10):3295.
[6]陈浩,李琳,许正梅.换流变压器铁心饱和型不稳定性预测[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(6):108.CHEN Hao,LI Lin,XU Zhengmei. Prediction of core saturationinstability at converter transformer[J]. Transactions of ChinaElectrotechnical Society,2013,28(6):108.
[7] WOOD A J. Synchronizing Out of Phase[J]. IEEE Transactions onPower,1957,176:1.
[8]А.А.哈恰图洛夫,吴君平.发电机非同期合闸时的冲击电流和转矩[J].水力发电,1956,(11):24.
[9]徐婧,陈东超,顾煜炯.非同期并列时机组轴系扭振的时频分析[J].中国电力,2014,47(1):86.XU Jing,CHEN Dongchao,GU Yujiong. Time-frequency analysisof shafting torsional vibration caused by asynchronous juxtaposition[J]. Electric Power,2014,47(1):86.
[10]何成兵,顾煜炯,董玉亮.非同期并列时汽轮发电机组轴系弯扭耦合振动分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(9):92.HE Chengbing,GU Yujiong,DONG Yuliang. Coupled flexuraland torsional vibrations analysis of turbine generator shaft systemscaused by asynchronous juxtaposition[J]. Proceedings of theCSEE,2007,27(9):92.
[11]刘明光,陈佳,李云鹏,等.牵引变电所用变压器非同期合闸电磁暂态研究[J].中国铁道科学,2016,37(2):78.LIU Mingguang,CHEN Jia,LI Yunpeng,et al. Electromagnetictransient at asynchronous breaker closing of traction substationused transformer[J]. China Railway Science,2016,37(2):78.
[12]亓玉福,王炳成.非同期并列对发电机绝缘造成的损坏及处理[J].大电机技术,2011(4):45.QI Yufu,WANG Bingcheng. Damage to the generator insulationcaused by random paralleling and its solution[J]. Large ElectricMachine and Hydraulic Turbine,2011(4):45.
[13]彭金宁,宋玲芳,牛利涛,等.发电机准同期合闸相角差整定分析[J].电力科学与工程,2013,29(4):40.PENG Jinning,SONG Lingfang,NIU Litao,et al. Calculationand analysis of phase-angle difference at the moment of generatorparallel switching[J]. Electric Power Science and Engineering,2013,29(4):40.
[14]唐基高.发电机非同期并网事故分析及改进措施[J].电工技术,2011(10):58.
[15]安绍军.发电机非同期并列事故原因分析[J].东北电力技术,2009,30(8):41.AN Shaojun. Cause analysis on generator nonsynchronous parallelaccident[J]. Northeast Electric Power Technology,2009,30(8):41.
[16]邓雪君.发电机非同期并列事故分析及对策研究[J].华东科技:学术版,2014(7):329.DENG Xuejun. Analysis and countermeasure research on nonsyn-chronous parallel accident of generator[J]. East China Science&Technology:Academic Edition,2014(7):329.
[17] YE Zhijun,KREISCHER C,KULIG S T. Analysisof transformershort circuit characteristics based on 3D finite element method[J]. IEEE,2011:2299.
[18]张植保.变压器原理与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007. 3:15-17.
[19]曾翔君,刘国伟,申忠如,等.发电机并网的仿真研究[J].陕西电力,2001,29(6):13.
[20] LEONARD P J,RODGER D,LAI H C,et al. Coupling FE withpower electronics and rotor dynamics of motors[C]//IEEE,Semi-nar:Current trends in the use of finite element(FE)electro me-chanical analysis and design. London,2000,6:1-6.
[21]王世山.电缆绕组变压器的电磁及短路特性研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2003.
[22]刘志刚.干式空心电抗器关键参数的数值分析与产品优化设计[D].西安:西安交通大学,2004.
[23]李岩,李龙女,井永腾,等.轴向双分裂发电机变压器漏磁场及穿越电路阻抗计算与分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(6):1623.LI Yan,LI Longnu,YE Jing,et al. Calculation and analysis ofleakage magnetic field and short-circuit impedance in axial dual-low-voltage split-winding transformer[J]. High Voltage Engineer-ing,2014,40(6):1623.
[24]周国伟,李洪春,刘文洲.利用最小能量原理计算变压器零序阻抗的方法[J].变压器,2007,44(3):12.ZHOU Guowei,LI Hongchun,LIU Wenzhou. Method to calculatetransformer zero-sequence impedance with minimum energy prin-ciple[J]. Transformer,2007,44(3):12.