知觉流畅性对学习判断及准确性的影响
摘要
知觉流畅性作为人们做判断的一种元认知体验,影响着人们的学习判断及其准确性,继而影响到随后的学习和决策;而对材料知觉特征进行改变引起的表面难度的改变,让人产生"非流畅"的体验,反而引起人们对材料的深加工,产生较好的学习成绩;文章分析了流畅性对学习判断准确性的影响及其对教育的意义。
引文
[1]Whittlesea B W A.Illusions of familiarity[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning,Memory,and Cognition,2007,(19).
[2]Whittlesea B W A,Jacoby L L,Girard K.Illusions of immediate memory:Evidence of an attributional basis for feelings of familiarity and perceptual quality[J].Journal of Memory and Language,1990,(29).
[3]Schwarz N.Metacognitive experiences in consumer judgment and decision making[J].Journal of Consumer Psychology,2004,(14).
[4]Kahneman D,Tversky A.On the psychology of prediction[J].Psychological Review,1973,(80).
[5]Kleider H M,Goldinger S D.Illusions of face memory:Clarity breeds familiarity[J].Journal of Memory and Language,2004,(50).
[6]Jacoby L L,Dallas M.On the relationship between autobiographical memory and perceptual learning[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,1981,306-340.
[7]Werth L,Strack F.An inferential approach to the knew-it-all-along phenomenon[J].Memory,2003,(11).
[8]Oppenheimer D M,Frank M C.A rose in any other font wouldn’t smell as sweet:Effects of perceptual fluency on categorization[J].Cognition,2008,(106).
[9]Oppenheimer D M.Consequences of erudite vernacular utilized irrespective of necessity:Problems with using long words needlessly[J].Applied Cognitive Psychology,2006,(20).
[10]张旭锦.知觉流畅性对判断和决策的影响[J].心理科学进展,2010,(4).
[11]Koriat A.Monitoring one’s own knowledge during study:A cue-utilization approach to judgments of learning[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,1997,(126).
[12]Koriat A.Metacognition and consciousness[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2007.
[13]Koriat A,Bjork R A,Sheffer L,Bar S K.Predicting one’s own forgetting:The role of experience-based and theory-based processes[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,2004,(133).
[14]Dunlosky J,Matvey G.Empirical analysis of the intrinsic-extrinsic distinction of judgments of learning(JOLs):Effects of relatedness and serial position on JOLs[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning,Memory,and Cognition,2001,(27).
[15]Begg I,Duft S,Lalonde P,Melnick R,Sanvito J.Memory predictions are based on ease of processing[J].Journal of Memory and Language,1989,(28).
[16]Castel A D,McCabe D P,Roediger H L.Illusions of competence and overestimation of associative memory for identical items:Evidence from judgments of learning[J].Psychonomic Bulletin&Review,2007,(14).
[17]Koriat A,Bjork R A.Illusions of competence in monitoring one’s knowledge during study[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning,Memory,&Cognition,2005,(31).
[18]Kornell,N.,Bjork,R.A.Astability bias in human memory:Overestimating remembering and underestimating learning.Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,2009,(138).
[19]Rhodes M G,Castel A D.Memory predictions are influenced by perceptual information:Evidence for metacognitive illusions[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,2008,(137).
[20]Sungkhasettee,V.W.,Friedman,M.C.Castel,A.D.Memory and metamemory for inverted words:Illusions of competency and desirable difficulties.Psychological Bulletin and Review,2011,(18).
[21]Miele D B,Finn B,Molden D C.Does easily learned mean easily remembered?It depends on your beliefs about intelligence[J].Psychological Science,2011,(22).
[22]Mueller M L,Dunlosky J,Tauber S K,Rhodes M G.The font-size effect on judgments of learning:Does it exemplify fluency effects or reflect people’s beliefs about memory[J].Journal of Memory and Language,2014,(70).
[23]Craik F,Tulving E.Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology,1975,(104).
[24]Diemand-Yauman C,Oppenheimer D M,Vaughan E B.Fortune favors the bold(and the Italicized):Effects of disfluency on educational outcomes[J].Cognition,2011,(118).
[25]Alter A L,Oppenheimer D M,Epley N,Eyre R.Overcoming intuition:Metacognitive difficulty activates analytic reasoning[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology,2007,(136).
[2]Whittlesea B W A,Jacoby L L,Girard K.Illusions of immediate memory:Evidence of an attributional basis for feelings of familiarity and perceptual quality[J].Journal of Memory and Language,1990,(29).
[3]Schwarz N.Metacognitive experiences in consumer judgment and decision making[J].Journal of Consumer Psychology,2004,(14).
[4]Kahneman D,Tversky A.On the psychology of prediction[J].Psychological Review,1973,(80).
[5]Kleider H M,Goldinger S D.Illusions of face memory:Clarity breeds familiarity[J].Journal of Memory and Language,2004,(50).
[6]Jacoby L L,Dallas M.On the relationship between autobiographical memory and perceptual learning[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,1981,306-340.
[7]Werth L,Strack F.An inferential approach to the knew-it-all-along phenomenon[J].Memory,2003,(11).
[8]Oppenheimer D M,Frank M C.A rose in any other font wouldn’t smell as sweet:Effects of perceptual fluency on categorization[J].Cognition,2008,(106).
[9]Oppenheimer D M.Consequences of erudite vernacular utilized irrespective of necessity:Problems with using long words needlessly[J].Applied Cognitive Psychology,2006,(20).
[10]张旭锦.知觉流畅性对判断和决策的影响[J].心理科学进展,2010,(4).
[11]Koriat A.Monitoring one’s own knowledge during study:A cue-utilization approach to judgments of learning[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,1997,(126).
[12]Koriat A.Metacognition and consciousness[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2007.
[13]Koriat A,Bjork R A,Sheffer L,Bar S K.Predicting one’s own forgetting:The role of experience-based and theory-based processes[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,2004,(133).
[14]Dunlosky J,Matvey G.Empirical analysis of the intrinsic-extrinsic distinction of judgments of learning(JOLs):Effects of relatedness and serial position on JOLs[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning,Memory,and Cognition,2001,(27).
[15]Begg I,Duft S,Lalonde P,Melnick R,Sanvito J.Memory predictions are based on ease of processing[J].Journal of Memory and Language,1989,(28).
[16]Castel A D,McCabe D P,Roediger H L.Illusions of competence and overestimation of associative memory for identical items:Evidence from judgments of learning[J].Psychonomic Bulletin&Review,2007,(14).
[17]Koriat A,Bjork R A.Illusions of competence in monitoring one’s knowledge during study[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning,Memory,&Cognition,2005,(31).
[18]Kornell,N.,Bjork,R.A.Astability bias in human memory:Overestimating remembering and underestimating learning.Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,2009,(138).
[19]Rhodes M G,Castel A D.Memory predictions are influenced by perceptual information:Evidence for metacognitive illusions[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,2008,(137).
[20]Sungkhasettee,V.W.,Friedman,M.C.Castel,A.D.Memory and metamemory for inverted words:Illusions of competency and desirable difficulties.Psychological Bulletin and Review,2011,(18).
[21]Miele D B,Finn B,Molden D C.Does easily learned mean easily remembered?It depends on your beliefs about intelligence[J].Psychological Science,2011,(22).
[22]Mueller M L,Dunlosky J,Tauber S K,Rhodes M G.The font-size effect on judgments of learning:Does it exemplify fluency effects or reflect people’s beliefs about memory[J].Journal of Memory and Language,2014,(70).
[23]Craik F,Tulving E.Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology,1975,(104).
[24]Diemand-Yauman C,Oppenheimer D M,Vaughan E B.Fortune favors the bold(and the Italicized):Effects of disfluency on educational outcomes[J].Cognition,2011,(118).
[25]Alter A L,Oppenheimer D M,Epley N,Eyre R.Overcoming intuition:Metacognitive difficulty activates analytic reasoning[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology,2007,(136).