种腔自净型气吸式玉米小区精量排种器设计与试验
|
摘要
为满足玉米育种试验的播种需要,设计了一种种腔自净型气吸式精量排种器,该排种器的充种腔与清种腔相互独立,排种与清种过程互不干扰,自净率达100%。通过考察育种试验用种子的形状,并结合育种试验的特点,确定了排种器关键结构参数。对种子吸附的过程进行动力学分析,并利用EDEM软件仿真验证了种量较少时搅种盘的种群扰动作用。利用Fluent软件模拟验证了当剩余种子不超过10粒、清种时间不超过1 s的情况下,清种真空度大于3 k Pa时,可保证剩余种子全部清出。对育种试验用种子进行分级处理,在真空度3～4 k Pa范围内进行单因素试验,结果表明,清种阶段已吸附在吸孔上的任一规格种子均能正常播种。排种器台架试验结果显示,播种机作业速度小于3. 6 km/h,真空度6～8 k Pa,刮种板工作面距离吸孔中心2～4 mm范围内时,排种器的漏播率小于1%,重播率小于4%,合格指数大于95%,各项指标符合国家标准要求,能实现有效排种,同时保证清种率达到100%。排种器田间试验证明,出苗效果符合育种试验的播种要求。
In order to meet the needs of corn breeding test,an air-suction precision seed meter with selfclearing seed chamber was designed,whose seed chamber and seed clearing chamber were independent of each other. The process of metering and clearing did not interfere with each other. The self-purification rate could achieve 100%. The shape of breeding seeds was analyzed,and the key structural parameters of seed meter were determined according to the characteristics of breeding experiment. Dynamics analysis of the process of seed adsorption was carried out,and EDEM software was used to verify the disturbance of churn plate to the fewer population. Fluent software was used to simulate the seed clearing process. It was proved that when the remaining seeds were not more than 10 and the clearing time was not more than1 s,the vacuum of clearing seeds was greater than 3 kPa,the remaining seeds could be cleared completely. Seeds used in breeding experiments were graded,single factor experiments were carried out in the vacuum range of 3 ～ 4 kPa. The results showed that seeds adsorbed on suction holes in the clearing stage could still be sown normally regardless of their specifications. Experiments of the normal seeding stage were carried out on the JPS-12 test bench. When the vacuum was between 6 kPa and 8 kPa,the operation speed of the seeder was less than 3. 6 km/h,and the working face of the scraper was within 2 ～4 mm from the suction hole center,the qualified index of seed spacing exceeded 95%,the missingseeding rate and the reseeding rate were less than 1% and 4%,respectively. Each index met the national standard. The performance of seed metering device was effective while the clearance rate could reach 100%. The field experiment of seeder proved that the seedling emergence effect met the seeding requirement of breeding experiment.
In order to meet the needs of corn breeding test,an air-suction precision seed meter with selfclearing seed chamber was designed,whose seed chamber and seed clearing chamber were independent of each other. The process of metering and clearing did not interfere with each other. The self-purification rate could achieve 100%. The shape of breeding seeds was analyzed,and the key structural parameters of seed meter were determined according to the characteristics of breeding experiment. Dynamics analysis of the process of seed adsorption was carried out,and EDEM software was used to verify the disturbance of churn plate to the fewer population. Fluent software was used to simulate the seed clearing process. It was proved that when the remaining seeds were not more than 10 and the clearing time was not more than1 s,the vacuum of clearing seeds was greater than 3 kPa,the remaining seeds could be cleared completely. Seeds used in breeding experiments were graded,single factor experiments were carried out in the vacuum range of 3 ～ 4 kPa. The results showed that seeds adsorbed on suction holes in the clearing stage could still be sown normally regardless of their specifications. Experiments of the normal seeding stage were carried out on the JPS-12 test bench. When the vacuum was between 6 kPa and 8 kPa,the operation speed of the seeder was less than 3. 6 km/h,and the working face of the scraper was within 2 ～4 mm from the suction hole center,the qualified index of seed spacing exceeded 95%,the missingseeding rate and the reseeding rate were less than 1% and 4%,respectively. Each index met the national standard. The performance of seed metering device was effective while the clearance rate could reach 100%. The field experiment of seeder proved that the seedling emergence effect met the seeding requirement of breeding experiment.
引文
[1]奥地利Wintersteiger公司.产品介绍[EB/OL].(2016-01-01)[2018-12-27]. https:∥www. wintersteiger. com/zh/植物育种和研究/产品/产品范围/小区单粒播种机/60-Dynamic-Disc-3-point-frame.
[2]美国Almaco公司.产品介绍[EB/OL].(2016-01-01)[2018-12-27]. https:∥www. almaco. com/store/c1/row-cropplanting-systems/p4/seedpro-planter-/.
[3]杨薇,李建东,方宪法,等.玉米育种播种机械化的国内外现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程,2018,8(6):9-15.YANG Wei,LI Jiandong,FANG Xianfa,et al. Domestic and foreign current situation and development trend of seeding mechanization in maize breeding[J]. Agricultural Engineering,2018,8(6):9-15.(in Chinese)
[4]刘曙光,尚书旗,杨然兵,等.小区播种机的发展分析[J].农机化研究,2011,33(3):237-241.LIU Shuguang,SHANG Shuqi,YANG Ranbing,et al. Analysis of plot seeder development[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2011,33(3):237-241.(in Chinese)
[5]周家鹏.小区玉米单粒精密点播机的设计与试验研究[D].青岛:青岛农业大学,2016.ZHOU Jiapeng. Design and test of corn grain precision jukeboxes[D]. Qingdao:Qingdao Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[6]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册:上册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998:360.
[7]中华人民共和国农业部. NY/T 1209—2006农作物品种区域试验技术规程玉米[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[8]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册:上册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998:358.
[9]张涛,刘飞,赵满全,等.基于离散元的排种器排种室内玉米种群运动规律[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(22):27-35.ZHANG Tao,LIU Fei,ZHAO Manquan,et al. Movement law of maize population in seed room of seed metering device based on discrete element method[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(22):27-35.(in Chinese)
[10]刘月琴,赵满全,刘飞,等.基于离散元的气吸式排种器工作参数仿真优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):65-73.LIU Yueqin,ZHAO Manquan,LIU Fei,et al. Simulation and optimization of working parameters of air suction metering device based on discrete element[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):65-73. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20160710&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 07. 010.(in Chinese)
[11]史嵩,张东兴,杨丽,等.基于EDEM软件的气压组合孔式排种器充种性能模拟与验证[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(3):62-69.SHI Song,ZHANG Dongxing,YANG Li,et al. Simulation and verification of seed-filling performance of pneumatic-combined holes maize precision seed-metering device based on EDEM[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(3):62-69.(in Chinese)
[12]王美美,王万章,杨立权,等.基于EDEM的玉米子粒建模方法的研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2018,52(1):80-84.WANG Meimei,WANG Wanzhang,YANG Liquan,et al. Research of discrete element modeling method of maize kernel based on EDEM[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2018,52(1):80-84.(in Chinese)
[13]丛锦玲,廖庆喜,曹秀英,等.油菜小麦兼用排种盘的排种器充种性能[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):30-39.CONG Jinling,LIAO Qingxi,CAO Xiuying,et al. Seed filling performance of dual-purpose seed plate in metering device for both rapeseed&wheat seed[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(8):30-39.(in Chinese)
[14]丁力,杨丽,刘守荣,等.辅助充种种盘玉米气吸式高速精量排种器设计[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(22):1-11.DING Li,YANG Li,LIU Shourong,et al. Design of air suction high speed precision maize seed metering device with assistant seed filling plate[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(22):1-11.(in Chinese)
[15]刘文忠,赵满全,王文明,等.气吸式排种装置排种性能理论分析与试验[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(9):133-138.LIU Wenzhong,ZHAO Manquan,WANG Wenming,et al. Theoretical analysis and experiments of metering performance of the pneumatic seed metering device[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(9):133-138.(in Chinese)
[16]史嵩.气压组合孔式玉米精量排种器设计与试验研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.SHI Song. Design and exprimental research of the pneumatic maize precision seed-metering device with combined holes[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[17]刘俊杰,杨存志,杨旭,等.玉米精量排种器性能分析与对比试验[J].农业科技与装备,2015(5):44-47,51.LIU Junjie,YANG Cunzhi,YANG Xu,et al. Performance analysis of maize precision seed metering device and contrast test[J]. Agricultural Science&Technology and Equipment,2015(5):44-47,51.(in Chinese)
[18]杨善东,张东兴,刁培松,等.侧正压玉米排种器的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(增刊1):8-13.YANG Shandong,ZHANG Dongxing,DIAO Peisong,et al. Design and experiment of side positive pressure seed metering device[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(Supp. 1):8-13.(in Chinese)
[19]杨丽,史嵩,崔涛,等.气吸与机械辅助附种结合式玉米精量排种器[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(增刊):48-53.YANG Li,SHI Song,CUI Tao,et al. Air-suction corn precision metering device with mechanical supporting plate to assist carrying seed[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(Supp.):48-53.(in Chinese)
[20]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册:上册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998:357.
[21]中华人民共和国工业和信息化部. JB/T 10293—2013单粒(精密)播种机技术条件[S].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[22]张昆,衣淑娟.气吸滚筒式玉米排种器充种性能仿真与试验优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(7):78-86.ZHANG Kun,YI Shujuan. Simulation and experimental optimization on filling seeds performance of seed metering device with roller of air-suction[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(7):78-86. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20170710&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 07. 010.(in Chinese)
[23]颜丙新,张东兴,崔涛,等.排种盘和负压腔室同步旋转气吸式玉米精量排种器设计[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(23):15-23.YAN Bingxin,ZHANG Dongxing,CUI Tao,et al. Design of pneumatic maize precision seed-metering device with synchronous rotating seed plate and vacuum chamber[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(23):15-23.(in Chinese)
[24]刘佳,崔涛,张东兴,等.玉米种子分级处理对气力式精量排种器播种效果的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(9):109-113.LIU Jia,CUI Tao,ZHANG Dongxing,et al. Effects of maize seed grading on sowing quality by pneumatic precision seedmetering device[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(9):109-113.(in Chinese)
[25] KARAYEL D,BARUT Z B,OZMERZI A. Mathematical modelling of vacuum pressure on precision seeder[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2004,87(4):437-444.
[26]陈立东.气吸式排种器性能参数设计及其对排种质量影响的试验研究[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2006.CHEN Lidong. Design of performance parameters of air-suction seed metering device and experimental study on seed metering quality[D]. Daqing:Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,2006.(in Chinese)
[27]丁力,杨丽,武德浩,等.基于DEM-CFD耦合的玉米气吸式排种器仿真与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(11):48-57.DING Li,YANG Li,WU Dehao,et al. Simulation and experiment of corn air suction seed metering device based on DEM-CFD coupling method[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(11):48-57. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20181106&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 11. 006.(in Chinese)
[28]贾洪雷,陈玉龙,赵佳乐,等.气吸机械复合式大豆精密排种器设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(4):75-86,139.JIA Honglei,CHEN Yulong,ZHAO Jiale,et al. Design and experiment of pneumatic-mechanical combined precision metering device for soybean[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(4):75-86,139. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20180409&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 04. 009.(in Chinese)
[29]王业成,靳亚东,罗嗣博,等.集排式大豆精量排种器设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(6):112-118.WANG Yecheng,JIN Yadong,LUO Sibo,et al. Design and experiment of centralized precision soybean seed-metering device[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(6):112-118. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20180613&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298.2018. 06. 013.(in Chinese)
[2]美国Almaco公司.产品介绍[EB/OL].(2016-01-01)[2018-12-27]. https:∥www. almaco. com/store/c1/row-cropplanting-systems/p4/seedpro-planter-/.
[3]杨薇,李建东,方宪法,等.玉米育种播种机械化的国内外现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程,2018,8(6):9-15.YANG Wei,LI Jiandong,FANG Xianfa,et al. Domestic and foreign current situation and development trend of seeding mechanization in maize breeding[J]. Agricultural Engineering,2018,8(6):9-15.(in Chinese)
[4]刘曙光,尚书旗,杨然兵,等.小区播种机的发展分析[J].农机化研究,2011,33(3):237-241.LIU Shuguang,SHANG Shuqi,YANG Ranbing,et al. Analysis of plot seeder development[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2011,33(3):237-241.(in Chinese)
[5]周家鹏.小区玉米单粒精密点播机的设计与试验研究[D].青岛:青岛农业大学,2016.ZHOU Jiapeng. Design and test of corn grain precision jukeboxes[D]. Qingdao:Qingdao Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[6]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册:上册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998:360.
[7]中华人民共和国农业部. NY/T 1209—2006农作物品种区域试验技术规程玉米[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[8]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册:上册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998:358.
[9]张涛,刘飞,赵满全,等.基于离散元的排种器排种室内玉米种群运动规律[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(22):27-35.ZHANG Tao,LIU Fei,ZHAO Manquan,et al. Movement law of maize population in seed room of seed metering device based on discrete element method[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(22):27-35.(in Chinese)
[10]刘月琴,赵满全,刘飞,等.基于离散元的气吸式排种器工作参数仿真优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):65-73.LIU Yueqin,ZHAO Manquan,LIU Fei,et al. Simulation and optimization of working parameters of air suction metering device based on discrete element[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):65-73. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20160710&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 07. 010.(in Chinese)
[11]史嵩,张东兴,杨丽,等.基于EDEM软件的气压组合孔式排种器充种性能模拟与验证[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(3):62-69.SHI Song,ZHANG Dongxing,YANG Li,et al. Simulation and verification of seed-filling performance of pneumatic-combined holes maize precision seed-metering device based on EDEM[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(3):62-69.(in Chinese)
[12]王美美,王万章,杨立权,等.基于EDEM的玉米子粒建模方法的研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2018,52(1):80-84.WANG Meimei,WANG Wanzhang,YANG Liquan,et al. Research of discrete element modeling method of maize kernel based on EDEM[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2018,52(1):80-84.(in Chinese)
[13]丛锦玲,廖庆喜,曹秀英,等.油菜小麦兼用排种盘的排种器充种性能[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):30-39.CONG Jinling,LIAO Qingxi,CAO Xiuying,et al. Seed filling performance of dual-purpose seed plate in metering device for both rapeseed&wheat seed[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(8):30-39.(in Chinese)
[14]丁力,杨丽,刘守荣,等.辅助充种种盘玉米气吸式高速精量排种器设计[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(22):1-11.DING Li,YANG Li,LIU Shourong,et al. Design of air suction high speed precision maize seed metering device with assistant seed filling plate[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(22):1-11.(in Chinese)
[15]刘文忠,赵满全,王文明,等.气吸式排种装置排种性能理论分析与试验[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(9):133-138.LIU Wenzhong,ZHAO Manquan,WANG Wenming,et al. Theoretical analysis and experiments of metering performance of the pneumatic seed metering device[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(9):133-138.(in Chinese)
[16]史嵩.气压组合孔式玉米精量排种器设计与试验研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.SHI Song. Design and exprimental research of the pneumatic maize precision seed-metering device with combined holes[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[17]刘俊杰,杨存志,杨旭,等.玉米精量排种器性能分析与对比试验[J].农业科技与装备,2015(5):44-47,51.LIU Junjie,YANG Cunzhi,YANG Xu,et al. Performance analysis of maize precision seed metering device and contrast test[J]. Agricultural Science&Technology and Equipment,2015(5):44-47,51.(in Chinese)
[18]杨善东,张东兴,刁培松,等.侧正压玉米排种器的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(增刊1):8-13.YANG Shandong,ZHANG Dongxing,DIAO Peisong,et al. Design and experiment of side positive pressure seed metering device[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(Supp. 1):8-13.(in Chinese)
[19]杨丽,史嵩,崔涛,等.气吸与机械辅助附种结合式玉米精量排种器[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(增刊):48-53.YANG Li,SHI Song,CUI Tao,et al. Air-suction corn precision metering device with mechanical supporting plate to assist carrying seed[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(Supp.):48-53.(in Chinese)
[20]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册:上册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998:357.
[21]中华人民共和国工业和信息化部. JB/T 10293—2013单粒(精密)播种机技术条件[S].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[22]张昆,衣淑娟.气吸滚筒式玉米排种器充种性能仿真与试验优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(7):78-86.ZHANG Kun,YI Shujuan. Simulation and experimental optimization on filling seeds performance of seed metering device with roller of air-suction[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(7):78-86. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20170710&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 07. 010.(in Chinese)
[23]颜丙新,张东兴,崔涛,等.排种盘和负压腔室同步旋转气吸式玉米精量排种器设计[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(23):15-23.YAN Bingxin,ZHANG Dongxing,CUI Tao,et al. Design of pneumatic maize precision seed-metering device with synchronous rotating seed plate and vacuum chamber[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(23):15-23.(in Chinese)
[24]刘佳,崔涛,张东兴,等.玉米种子分级处理对气力式精量排种器播种效果的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(9):109-113.LIU Jia,CUI Tao,ZHANG Dongxing,et al. Effects of maize seed grading on sowing quality by pneumatic precision seedmetering device[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(9):109-113.(in Chinese)
[25] KARAYEL D,BARUT Z B,OZMERZI A. Mathematical modelling of vacuum pressure on precision seeder[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2004,87(4):437-444.
[26]陈立东.气吸式排种器性能参数设计及其对排种质量影响的试验研究[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2006.CHEN Lidong. Design of performance parameters of air-suction seed metering device and experimental study on seed metering quality[D]. Daqing:Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,2006.(in Chinese)
[27]丁力,杨丽,武德浩,等.基于DEM-CFD耦合的玉米气吸式排种器仿真与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(11):48-57.DING Li,YANG Li,WU Dehao,et al. Simulation and experiment of corn air suction seed metering device based on DEM-CFD coupling method[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(11):48-57. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20181106&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 11. 006.(in Chinese)
[28]贾洪雷,陈玉龙,赵佳乐,等.气吸机械复合式大豆精密排种器设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(4):75-86,139.JIA Honglei,CHEN Yulong,ZHAO Jiale,et al. Design and experiment of pneumatic-mechanical combined precision metering device for soybean[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(4):75-86,139. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20180409&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 04. 009.(in Chinese)
[29]王业成,靳亚东,罗嗣博,等.集排式大豆精量排种器设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(6):112-118.WANG Yecheng,JIN Yadong,LUO Sibo,et al. Design and experiment of centralized precision soybean seed-metering device[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(6):112-118. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20180613&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298.2018. 06. 013.(in Chinese)