重度火干扰对不同林型落叶松林土壤化学性质的影响
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摘要
以内蒙古大兴安岭中部兴安落叶松林重度火烧迹地为研究对象,并选择附近未火烧林地作为对照区(CK),分析比较了火干扰后不同林型(草类-兴安落叶松林、杜香-兴安落叶松林、杜鹃-兴安落叶松林)林地土壤主要养分指标13年后的变化趋势,以期为不同类型火烧迹地恢复提供理论依据。结果表明:3种不同林型兴安落叶松林火烧迹地土壤pH均比CK有所增加,而土壤有机质含量均比CK有所降低。3种不同林型兴安落叶松林火烧迹地土壤全N和全K含量均比CK有所降低(P<0.05)。3种不同林型林地土壤全P含量与CK相比无显著变化(P>0.05)。3种不同林型兴安落叶松林地土壤速效N、速效P、速效K含量较对照相比均有不同程度的增加(P<0.05)。土壤速效N含量呈现出草类>杜香>杜鹃>CK的规律。土壤速效P含量呈现出杜鹃>草类>杜香>CK的规律。土壤速效K含量呈现出草类>杜香>杜鹃>CK的规律。
In this study,Larix gmelinii forest burned areas were experienced in different forest types.We investigated the chemical properties of forest soil in an unburned control and burned sites dating 13-year-post-fire in the Great Xing′an Mountains of Northeastern China.This study aimed to provide theoretical basis for the recovery of different types of burned sites.The results showed that the soil pH was higher under three different forest types than in the control while the SOC take the opposite trend.The soil total N and total K were significantly lower under three different forest types than in the control.Fire disturbance has no significant effect on total soil P compared with the control.The soil total P in the different burned sites was basically kept within a range compared with the control.The soil available N,available P and available K were significantly higher under three different forest types than in the control.The soil available N showed a ranking of S-G>S-L>S-R >unburned control.The soil available P showed a ranking of S-R>S-G>S-L>unburned control.The soil available K showed a ranking of S-G>S-L>S-R>unburned control.
In this study,Larix gmelinii forest burned areas were experienced in different forest types.We investigated the chemical properties of forest soil in an unburned control and burned sites dating 13-year-post-fire in the Great Xing′an Mountains of Northeastern China.This study aimed to provide theoretical basis for the recovery of different types of burned sites.The results showed that the soil pH was higher under three different forest types than in the control while the SOC take the opposite trend.The soil total N and total K were significantly lower under three different forest types than in the control.Fire disturbance has no significant effect on total soil P compared with the control.The soil total P in the different burned sites was basically kept within a range compared with the control.The soil available N,available P and available K were significantly higher under three different forest types than in the control.The soil available N showed a ranking of S-G>S-L>S-R >unburned control.The soil available P showed a ranking of S-R>S-G>S-L>unburned control.The soil available K showed a ranking of S-G>S-L>S-R>unburned control.
引文
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[12] 王树力.不同经营类型红松林对汤旺河流域土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):90-93.
[13] 商丽娜,吴正方,杨青,等.火烧对三江平原湿地土壤养分状况的影响[J].湿地科学,2004,2(1):54-60.
[14] 赵凤君,王立中,舒立福.火烧对寒温带湿地生态系统的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(2):136-142.
[15] 许鹏波,屈明,薛立.火对森林土壤的影响[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(6):1596-1606.
[16] GOERGEN E M,CHAMBERS J C.Influence of a native legume on soil and plant response following prescribed fire in sagebrush steppe[J].International Journal of Wildland Fire,2009,18:665-675.
[17] BINKLEY D,RICHARD F.Ecology and management of forest soils[M].3rd.New York:John Wiley & Sons,2000:241-261.
[18] 刘发林,张思玉.火干扰下马尾松林物种多样性和土壤养分特征[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(5):36-40.
[19] ADAMS P W,BOYLE J R.Effects of fire on soil nutrients in clearcut and whole-tree harvest sites in Central Michigan[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1980,44(4):847-850.
[20] 周瑞莲,张普金,徐长林.高寒山区火烧土壤对其养分含量和酶活性的影响及灰色关联分析[J].土壤学报,1997,34(1):89-96.
[21] 田昆.火烧迹地土壤磷含量变化的研究[J].西南林学院学报,1997,17(1):21-25.
[22] JOHNSON D,MURPHY J D,WALKER R F,et al.Wildfire effects on forest carbon and nutrient budgets[J].Ecological Engineering,2007,31:183-192.
[23] 宋启亮,董希斌,李勇,等.采伐干扰和火烧对大兴安岭森林土壤化学性质的影响[J].森林工程,2010,26(5):4-7.
[24] DYRNESS C T,van C K,LEVISON J D.The effect of wildfire on soil chemistry in four forest types in interior Alaska[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1989,19(11):1389-1396.
[25] 胡海清.林火生态与管理[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2005.
[26] 谷会岩,金靖博,陈祥伟,等.不同火烧强度林火对大兴安岭北坡兴安落叶松林土壤化学性质的长期影响[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(7):1114-1121.
[27] 程瑞梅,肖文发,王晓荣,等.三峡库区植被不同演替阶段的土壤养分特征[J].林业科学,2010,46(9):1-6.
[28] 秦娟,唐心红,杨雪梅.马尾松不同林型对土壤理化性质的影响[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(4):598-604.
[2] 郑焕能,胡海清,姚树人.林火生态[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1992:112.
[3] GOODALE C L,ABER J D.The long-term effects of land-use history on nitrogen cycling in northern hardwood forests[J].Ecological Applications,2001,11(1):253-267.
[4] 张猛,张健,徐雄,等.土壤管理方式对果-草人工生态系统土壤性质影响[J].林业科学,2006,42(8):44-49.
[5] 周梅,余新晓,冯林,等.大兴安岭林区冻土及湿地对生态环境的作用[J].北京林业大学学报,2003,25(6):91-93.
[6] 李攀.寒温带针叶林火烧迹地土壤温室气体通量研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014.
[7] 王鼎,周梅,包翔,等.兴安落叶松林土壤化学性质对林火强度的响应[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2016,39(2):81-85,90.
[8] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[9] 刘发林,张思玉,曾思齐,等.火灾对马尾松林土壤化学性质的影响[J].土壤通报,2009,40(6):1270-1275.
[10] RAISON R J.Modification of the soil environment by vegetation fires,with particular reference to nitrogen transformations:A review[J].Plant and Soil,1979,51:73-108.
[11] 张玉红,孙铭隆,刘彤.林火对大兴安岭典型植被土壤理化性质的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2012,40(6):41-43,107.
[12] 王树力.不同经营类型红松林对汤旺河流域土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):90-93.
[13] 商丽娜,吴正方,杨青,等.火烧对三江平原湿地土壤养分状况的影响[J].湿地科学,2004,2(1):54-60.
[14] 赵凤君,王立中,舒立福.火烧对寒温带湿地生态系统的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(2):136-142.
[15] 许鹏波,屈明,薛立.火对森林土壤的影响[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(6):1596-1606.
[16] GOERGEN E M,CHAMBERS J C.Influence of a native legume on soil and plant response following prescribed fire in sagebrush steppe[J].International Journal of Wildland Fire,2009,18:665-675.
[17] BINKLEY D,RICHARD F.Ecology and management of forest soils[M].3rd.New York:John Wiley & Sons,2000:241-261.
[18] 刘发林,张思玉.火干扰下马尾松林物种多样性和土壤养分特征[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(5):36-40.
[19] ADAMS P W,BOYLE J R.Effects of fire on soil nutrients in clearcut and whole-tree harvest sites in Central Michigan[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1980,44(4):847-850.
[20] 周瑞莲,张普金,徐长林.高寒山区火烧土壤对其养分含量和酶活性的影响及灰色关联分析[J].土壤学报,1997,34(1):89-96.
[21] 田昆.火烧迹地土壤磷含量变化的研究[J].西南林学院学报,1997,17(1):21-25.
[22] JOHNSON D,MURPHY J D,WALKER R F,et al.Wildfire effects on forest carbon and nutrient budgets[J].Ecological Engineering,2007,31:183-192.
[23] 宋启亮,董希斌,李勇,等.采伐干扰和火烧对大兴安岭森林土壤化学性质的影响[J].森林工程,2010,26(5):4-7.
[24] DYRNESS C T,van C K,LEVISON J D.The effect of wildfire on soil chemistry in four forest types in interior Alaska[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1989,19(11):1389-1396.
[25] 胡海清.林火生态与管理[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2005.
[26] 谷会岩,金靖博,陈祥伟,等.不同火烧强度林火对大兴安岭北坡兴安落叶松林土壤化学性质的长期影响[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(7):1114-1121.
[27] 程瑞梅,肖文发,王晓荣,等.三峡库区植被不同演替阶段的土壤养分特征[J].林业科学,2010,46(9):1-6.
[28] 秦娟,唐心红,杨雪梅.马尾松不同林型对土壤理化性质的影响[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(4):598-604.