施用生物炭对华北平原冬小麦土壤水分和籽粒产量的影响
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摘要
为探究施用生物炭对华北平原农田土壤水分和冬小麦籽粒产量的影响,于2014—2017年在中国农业大学吴桥实验站设置施用生物炭7 200(BH)、3 600(BM)、1 800(BL)和0kg/hm~2(CK)4个处理。结果表明:与CK处理相比,BH、BM和BL处理3年平均增产分别为1.84%、7.28%和5.03%,并且降低了耗水量,水分利用效率分别提高5.96%～14.86%、9.42%～19.18%和5.96%～13.50%。同时施用生物炭增加了土壤含水量,与CK处理相比,土壤上层0～60cm BM处理增幅最大;中层60～120cm和下层120～200cm均为BL处理增幅最大(P<0.05)。综上所述,施用生物炭可以增加土壤含水量和籽粒产量。统计分析表明,当施炭量分别为3 389～3 882和3 500～4 357kg/hm~2,0～60cm土层土壤含水量和籽粒产量均最高,且0～60cm土层土壤含水量与籽粒产量间存在显著的正相关关系(P<0.05)。因此,施用生物炭可以增加土壤含水量,降低水分消耗,提高冬小麦籽粒产量和水分利用效率,在本试验条件下以施用3 000～4 500kg/hm~2为宜。
A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of biochar on soil water and grain yield of winter wheat under wheat-maize cropping system in the North China Plain.Four treatments,including 7 200(BH),3 600(BM),1 800(BL)and 0(CK)kg/hm~2 biochar addition rates,were conducted during 2014-2017 at Wuqiao Experimental Station of China Agricultural University,Hebei Province.The results showed that:Compared with the CK,BH,BM and BL increased the grain yield of winter wheat by 1.84%,7.28% and 5.03% on average for 3 years,respectively.In addition,additionial biochar reduced the water consumption and improved the water use efficiency by 5.96%-14.86%,9.42%-19.18% and 5.96%-13.50%,respectively.The application of biochar also increased the soil water content.Compared with the CK,the increase amplitude of BM was the largest in the upper layer of 0-60 cm.The increase amplitude of BL was the largest in the middle layer of 60-120 cm and the lower 120-200 cm,respectively(P<0.05).In summary,biochar addition can increase soil water content and grain yield.Statistical analysis showed that the soil water content and grain yield were the highest under 3 389-3 882 kg/hm~2 and 3 500-4 357 kg/hm~2 biochar addition rates,respectively.Moreover,there was a positively significant correlation between soil water content of 0-60 cm soil layer and grain yield(P<0.05).Therefore,the application of biochar not only increased soil water content and reduced water consumption,but also increased grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat.Application of 3 000-4 500 kg/hm~2 biochar under the conditions of this experiment was optimal.
A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of biochar on soil water and grain yield of winter wheat under wheat-maize cropping system in the North China Plain.Four treatments,including 7 200(BH),3 600(BM),1 800(BL)and 0(CK)kg/hm~2 biochar addition rates,were conducted during 2014-2017 at Wuqiao Experimental Station of China Agricultural University,Hebei Province.The results showed that:Compared with the CK,BH,BM and BL increased the grain yield of winter wheat by 1.84%,7.28% and 5.03% on average for 3 years,respectively.In addition,additionial biochar reduced the water consumption and improved the water use efficiency by 5.96%-14.86%,9.42%-19.18% and 5.96%-13.50%,respectively.The application of biochar also increased the soil water content.Compared with the CK,the increase amplitude of BM was the largest in the upper layer of 0-60 cm.The increase amplitude of BL was the largest in the middle layer of 60-120 cm and the lower 120-200 cm,respectively(P<0.05).In summary,biochar addition can increase soil water content and grain yield.Statistical analysis showed that the soil water content and grain yield were the highest under 3 389-3 882 kg/hm~2 and 3 500-4 357 kg/hm~2 biochar addition rates,respectively.Moreover,there was a positively significant correlation between soil water content of 0-60 cm soil layer and grain yield(P<0.05).Therefore,the application of biochar not only increased soil water content and reduced water consumption,but also increased grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat.Application of 3 000-4 500 kg/hm~2 biochar under the conditions of this experiment was optimal.
引文
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[12]郭大勇,商东耀,王旭刚,常会庆,林帆.改性生物炭对玉米生长发育、养分吸收和土壤理化性状的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(2):22-27Guo D Y,Shang D Y,Wang X G,Chang H Q,Lin F.Effects of modified biochar on growth,nutrients uptake of maize and soil physicochemical properties[J].Journal of Henan Agricultral Sciences,2017,46(2):22-27(in Chinese)
[13]Kammann C I,Linsel S,G9ling J W,Koyro,H W.Influence of biochar on drought tolerance of Chenopodium quinoa Willd and on soil-plant relations[J].Plant and Soil,2011,345(1-2):195-210
[14]张星,刘杏认,张晴雯,张庆忠,任建强.生物炭和秸秆还田对华北农田玉米生育期土壤微生物量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(10):1943-1950Zhang X,Liu X R,Zhang Q W,Zhang Q Z,Ren J Q.Effects of biochar and straw direct return on soil microbial biomass during maize growth season in North China Plain[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015,34(10):1943-1950(in Chinese)
[15]陈红霞,杜章留,郭伟,张庆忠.施用生物炭对华北平原农田土壤容重、阳离子交换量和颗粒有机质含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(11):2930-2934Chen H X,Du Z L,Guo W,Zhang Q Z.Effects of biochar amendment on cropland soil bulk density,cation exchange capacity,and particulate organic matter content in the North China Plain[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(11):2930-2934(in Chinese)
[16]Omondi M O,Xia X,Nahayo A,Liu X Y,Korai P K,Pan G X.Quantification of biochar effects on soil hydrological properties using meta-analysis of literature data[J].Geoderma,2016,274:28-34
[17]Githinji L.Effect of biochar application rate on soil physical and hydraulic properties of a sandy loam[J].Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,2014,60(4):457-470
[18]Hati K M,Swarup A,Dwivedi A K,Misra A K,Bandyopadhyay K K.Changes in soil physical properties and organic carbon status at the topsoil horizon of a vertisol of central India after 28years of continuous cropping,fertilization and manuring[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2007,119(1-2):127-134
[19]Burrell L D,Zehetner F,Rampazzo N,Wimmer B,Soja G.Long-term effects of biochar on soil physical properties[J].Geoderma,2016,282:96-102
[20]Baronti S,Vaccari F P,Miglietta F,Calzolari C,Lugato E,Orlandini S,Pini R,Zulian C,Genesio L.Impact of biochar application on plant water relations in Vitis vinifera(L)[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2014,53(2):38-44
[21]Basso A S,Miguez F E,Laird D A,Horton R,Westgate M.Assessing potential of biochar for increasing water-holding capacity of sandy soils[J].Global Change Biology Bioenergy,2013,5(2):132-143
[22]魏春辉,任奕林,刘峰,邓宇玄,苑晓辰.生物炭及生物炭基肥在农业中的应用研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(3):14-19When C H,Ren Y L,Liu F,Deng Y X,Yuan X C.Research progress of application of biochar and biochar-based fertilizer in agriculture[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2016,45(3):14-19(in Chinese)
[23]Peng X,Ye L L,Wang C H,Zhou H,Sun B.Temperature-and duration-dependent rice straw-derived biochar:Characteristics and its effects on soil properties of an Ultisol in southern China[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2011,112(2):159-166
[24]李中阳,齐学斌,樊向阳,吴海卿,杜臻杰,李平,吕谋超.生物质炭对冬小麦产量、水分利用效率及根系形态的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(12):119-124Li Z Y,Qi X B,Fan X Y,Wu H Q,Du Z J,Li P,Lv M C.Influences of biochars on growth,yield,water use efficiency and root morphology of winter wheat[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(12):119-124(in Chinese)
[25]Laird D,Fleming P,Wang B,Horton R,Karlen D.Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil[J].Geoderma,2010,158(3-4):436-442
[26]Kimetu J M,Lehmann J.Stability and stabilisation of biochar and green manure in soil with different organic carbon contents[J].Soil Research,2010,48(7):577-585
[27]Asai H,Samson B K,Stephan H M,Songyikhangsuthor K,Homma K,Kiyono Y,Inoue Y,Shiraiwa T,Horie T.Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos[J].Field Crops Research,2009,111(1-2):81-84
[28]刘悦,黎子涵,邹博,孙圣仪,郭鉴增,孙彩霞.生物炭影响作物生长及其与化肥混施的增效机制研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(3):1030-1038Liu Y,Li Z H,Zou B,Sun S Y,Guo J Z,Sun C X.Research progress in effects of biochar application on crop growth and synergistic mechanism of biochar with fertilizer[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(3):1030-1038(in Chinese)
[2]Huang M,Yang L,Qin H D,Jiang L G,Zou Y B.Quantifying the effect of biochar amendment on soil quality and crop productivity in Chinese rice paddies[J].Field Crops Research,2013,154(3):172-177
[3]Oguntunde P G,Abiodun B J,Ajayi A E,Van De Giesen N.Effects of charcoal production on soil physical properties in Ghana[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2008,171(4):591-596
[4]Uzoma K C,Inoue M,Andry H,Fujimaki H,Zahoor A,Nishihara E.Effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition[J].Soil Use and Management,2011,27(2):205-212
[5]Gaskin J W,Speir R A,Harris K,Das K C,Lee R D,Morris LA,Fisher D S.Effect of peanut hull and pine chip biochar on soil nutrients,corn nutrient status,and yield[J].Agronomy Journal,2010,102(2):623-633
[6]Fang Q X,Ma L,Green T R,Yu Q,Wang T D,Ahuja L R.Water resources and water use efficiency in the North China Plain:Current status and agronomic management options[J].Agricultural Water Management,2010,97(8):1102-1116
[7]Zhang X Y,Pei D,Chen S,Sun H Y,Yang Y H,Zhang X Y,Pei D,Chen S Y,Yang Y H.Performance of double-cropped winter wheat-summer maize under minimum irrigation in the north China plain[J].Agronomy Journal,2006,98(6):1620-1626
[8]Van Zwieten L,Kimber S,Morris S,Chan K Y,Downie A,Rust J,Joseph S,Cowie A.Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility[J].Plant and Soil,2010,327(1-2):235-246
[9]Jeffery S,Verheijen F G A,van derVelde M,Bastos A C.Aquantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2011,144(1):175-187
[10]Ahmad M,Rajapaksha A U,Lim J E,Zhang M,Bolan N,Mohan D,Vithanage M,Lee S S,Ok Y S.Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water:A review[J].Chemosphere,2014,99(3):19-33
[11]陈温福,张伟明,孟军.农用生物炭研究进展与前景[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(16):3324-3333Chen W F,Zhang W M,Meng J.Advances and prospects in research of biochar utilization in agriculture[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(16):3324-3333(in Chinese)
[12]郭大勇,商东耀,王旭刚,常会庆,林帆.改性生物炭对玉米生长发育、养分吸收和土壤理化性状的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(2):22-27Guo D Y,Shang D Y,Wang X G,Chang H Q,Lin F.Effects of modified biochar on growth,nutrients uptake of maize and soil physicochemical properties[J].Journal of Henan Agricultral Sciences,2017,46(2):22-27(in Chinese)
[13]Kammann C I,Linsel S,G9ling J W,Koyro,H W.Influence of biochar on drought tolerance of Chenopodium quinoa Willd and on soil-plant relations[J].Plant and Soil,2011,345(1-2):195-210
[14]张星,刘杏认,张晴雯,张庆忠,任建强.生物炭和秸秆还田对华北农田玉米生育期土壤微生物量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(10):1943-1950Zhang X,Liu X R,Zhang Q W,Zhang Q Z,Ren J Q.Effects of biochar and straw direct return on soil microbial biomass during maize growth season in North China Plain[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015,34(10):1943-1950(in Chinese)
[15]陈红霞,杜章留,郭伟,张庆忠.施用生物炭对华北平原农田土壤容重、阳离子交换量和颗粒有机质含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(11):2930-2934Chen H X,Du Z L,Guo W,Zhang Q Z.Effects of biochar amendment on cropland soil bulk density,cation exchange capacity,and particulate organic matter content in the North China Plain[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(11):2930-2934(in Chinese)
[16]Omondi M O,Xia X,Nahayo A,Liu X Y,Korai P K,Pan G X.Quantification of biochar effects on soil hydrological properties using meta-analysis of literature data[J].Geoderma,2016,274:28-34
[17]Githinji L.Effect of biochar application rate on soil physical and hydraulic properties of a sandy loam[J].Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,2014,60(4):457-470
[18]Hati K M,Swarup A,Dwivedi A K,Misra A K,Bandyopadhyay K K.Changes in soil physical properties and organic carbon status at the topsoil horizon of a vertisol of central India after 28years of continuous cropping,fertilization and manuring[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2007,119(1-2):127-134
[19]Burrell L D,Zehetner F,Rampazzo N,Wimmer B,Soja G.Long-term effects of biochar on soil physical properties[J].Geoderma,2016,282:96-102
[20]Baronti S,Vaccari F P,Miglietta F,Calzolari C,Lugato E,Orlandini S,Pini R,Zulian C,Genesio L.Impact of biochar application on plant water relations in Vitis vinifera(L)[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2014,53(2):38-44
[21]Basso A S,Miguez F E,Laird D A,Horton R,Westgate M.Assessing potential of biochar for increasing water-holding capacity of sandy soils[J].Global Change Biology Bioenergy,2013,5(2):132-143
[22]魏春辉,任奕林,刘峰,邓宇玄,苑晓辰.生物炭及生物炭基肥在农业中的应用研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(3):14-19When C H,Ren Y L,Liu F,Deng Y X,Yuan X C.Research progress of application of biochar and biochar-based fertilizer in agriculture[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2016,45(3):14-19(in Chinese)
[23]Peng X,Ye L L,Wang C H,Zhou H,Sun B.Temperature-and duration-dependent rice straw-derived biochar:Characteristics and its effects on soil properties of an Ultisol in southern China[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2011,112(2):159-166
[24]李中阳,齐学斌,樊向阳,吴海卿,杜臻杰,李平,吕谋超.生物质炭对冬小麦产量、水分利用效率及根系形态的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(12):119-124Li Z Y,Qi X B,Fan X Y,Wu H Q,Du Z J,Li P,Lv M C.Influences of biochars on growth,yield,water use efficiency and root morphology of winter wheat[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(12):119-124(in Chinese)
[25]Laird D,Fleming P,Wang B,Horton R,Karlen D.Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil[J].Geoderma,2010,158(3-4):436-442
[26]Kimetu J M,Lehmann J.Stability and stabilisation of biochar and green manure in soil with different organic carbon contents[J].Soil Research,2010,48(7):577-585
[27]Asai H,Samson B K,Stephan H M,Songyikhangsuthor K,Homma K,Kiyono Y,Inoue Y,Shiraiwa T,Horie T.Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos[J].Field Crops Research,2009,111(1-2):81-84
[28]刘悦,黎子涵,邹博,孙圣仪,郭鉴增,孙彩霞.生物炭影响作物生长及其与化肥混施的增效机制研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(3):1030-1038Liu Y,Li Z H,Zou B,Sun S Y,Guo J Z,Sun C X.Research progress in effects of biochar application on crop growth and synergistic mechanism of biochar with fertilizer[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(3):1030-1038(in Chinese)
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