生物炭-化肥配施对稻田土壤氮磷迁移转化的影响
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摘要
在控制外源氮输入量相同的前提下,通过设置不同梯度生物炭配施量[N1+B0(磷酸氢二铵750 kg·hm~(-2));N_2+B5(磷酸氢二铵583 kg·hm~(-2)+生物炭5000 kg·hm~(-2));N3+B10(磷酸氢二铵416 kg·hm~(-2)+生物炭10 000 kg·hm~(-2));N0+B20(生物炭20 000 kg·hm~(-2))],探讨无机肥减量配施生物炭对土壤氮、磷动态变化的影响。结果表明:4种处理土壤NH_4+-N和TP浓度均呈单峰变化趋势,分别于施肥后第9 d(NH_4+-N)、25 d(TP:N0+B20、N1+B0)和55 d(TP:N_2+B5、N3+B10)达到峰值;N_2+B5和N3+B10处理土壤NO3--N浓度呈双峰变化趋势,于施肥后第10 d和55 d达到峰值,而N0+B20和N1+B0处理土壤NO3--N浓度施肥初期(1～10 d)基本保持稳定状态,之后缓慢下降至稳定水平;N1+B0处理土壤TN浓度在施肥后1～55 d内缓慢下降,此后呈单峰变化趋势,于施肥后第85 d达到峰值;N_2+B5、N3+B10和N0+B20处理土壤TN浓度呈双峰变化趋势,分别于施肥后的第9 d和85 d达到峰值。与单施无机肥N1+B0处理比较,配施生物炭N_2+B5、N3+B10和N0+B20处理土壤TN和TP浓度分别提高了11.1%、33.3%、11.1%和40.0%、40.0%、40.0%,土壤脲酶和磷酸酶活性分别提高了25.0%、30.0%、10.0%和9.76%、18.3%、15.9%,表明生物炭较化肥具有更持久肥效。施肥初期,配施生物炭可提高土壤氮磷比;水稻成熟期,配施生物炭处理田面水氮磷比显著高于单施无机肥处理,能够持续地给水稻提供营养。N3+B10处理下水田面源污染物NO3--N、NH_4+-N、TN和TP的输出负荷分别降低了29.6%、48.1%、49.7%和50.0%,是较适合东北黑土区水田的施肥方式。
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the application of a combination of biochar and diammonium phosphate[(NH_4)2 HPO4] on the migration and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy soil when the same amount of nitrogen was added.The treatments conducted for this study were N1+B0[(NH_4)2 HPO4 750 kg·hm~(-2)], N_2+B5 [(NH_4)2 HPO4 583 kg·hm~(-2)+ biochar 5000 kg·hm~(-2)], N3+B10[(NH_4)2 HPO4 416 kg·hm~(-2)+ biochar 10 000 kg·hm~(-2)], and N0+B20(biochar 20 000 kg·hm~(-2)). The results showed that the con?centration of NH+4-N in soil for all four treatments peaked on day 9, and the total phosphorus(TP)concentration peaked on day 25 for theN0+B20 and N1+B0 treatments and on day 55 for the N_2+B5 and N3+B10 treatments after fertilization. The concentration of NO-3-N in soil withthe N_2+B5 and N3+B10 treatments presented a bimodal variation, peaking on days 10 and 55, whereas that with the N0+B20 and N1+B0 treat?ments remained steady during the early stages, days 1～10, and then gradually decreased to a stable level. The concentration of total nitrogen(TN)with the N1+B0 treatment slowly decreased during days 1～55 after fertilization, and then showed a unimodal trend with a peak valueon day 85, whereas that with the N_2+B5, N3+B10, and N0+B20 treatments showed a double-peak trend, peaking on days 9 and 85. Comparedwith the N1+B0 treatment, the concentration of TN and TP, urease and phosphatase activity in soil treated with biochar application treat?ments of N_2+B5, N3+B10, and N0+B20 increased by 11.1%, 33.3%, 11.1% and 40.0%, 40.0%, 40.0%; 25.0%, 30.0%, 10.0% and 9.76%,18.3%, 15.9%, respectively, indicating that biochar had a more sustained fertilizer effect than chemical fertilizer alone. At the beginning offertilization, application of biochar could increase the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus(N/P)in soil and reduce the outputs of N and P frompaddy fields. At the rice maturation stage, biochar application increased the ratio of N/P in the field surface water. The output loads ofNO3--N, NH+4-N, TN, and TP in surface water with the N3+B10 treatment decreased by 29.6%, 48.1%, 49.7%, and 50.0%, respectively, incomparison with the N1+B0 treatment, indicating that it is a suitable fertilization strategy for paddy fields in the black soil region of Northeast China.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the application of a combination of biochar and diammonium phosphate[(NH_4)2 HPO4] on the migration and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy soil when the same amount of nitrogen was added.The treatments conducted for this study were N1+B0[(NH_4)2 HPO4 750 kg·hm~(-2)], N_2+B5 [(NH_4)2 HPO4 583 kg·hm~(-2)+ biochar 5000 kg·hm~(-2)], N3+B10[(NH_4)2 HPO4 416 kg·hm~(-2)+ biochar 10 000 kg·hm~(-2)], and N0+B20(biochar 20 000 kg·hm~(-2)). The results showed that the con?centration of NH+4-N in soil for all four treatments peaked on day 9, and the total phosphorus(TP)concentration peaked on day 25 for theN0+B20 and N1+B0 treatments and on day 55 for the N_2+B5 and N3+B10 treatments after fertilization. The concentration of NO-3-N in soil withthe N_2+B5 and N3+B10 treatments presented a bimodal variation, peaking on days 10 and 55, whereas that with the N0+B20 and N1+B0 treat?ments remained steady during the early stages, days 1～10, and then gradually decreased to a stable level. The concentration of total nitrogen(TN)with the N1+B0 treatment slowly decreased during days 1～55 after fertilization, and then showed a unimodal trend with a peak valueon day 85, whereas that with the N_2+B5, N3+B10, and N0+B20 treatments showed a double-peak trend, peaking on days 9 and 85. Comparedwith the N1+B0 treatment, the concentration of TN and TP, urease and phosphatase activity in soil treated with biochar application treat?ments of N_2+B5, N3+B10, and N0+B20 increased by 11.1%, 33.3%, 11.1% and 40.0%, 40.0%, 40.0%; 25.0%, 30.0%, 10.0% and 9.76%,18.3%, 15.9%, respectively, indicating that biochar had a more sustained fertilizer effect than chemical fertilizer alone. At the beginning offertilization, application of biochar could increase the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus(N/P)in soil and reduce the outputs of N and P frompaddy fields. At the rice maturation stage, biochar application increased the ratio of N/P in the field surface water. The output loads ofNO3--N, NH+4-N, TN, and TP in surface water with the N3+B10 treatment decreased by 29.6%, 48.1%, 49.7%, and 50.0%, respectively, incomparison with the N1+B0 treatment, indicating that it is a suitable fertilization strategy for paddy fields in the black soil region of Northeast China.
引文
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