毛乌素沙地沙柳人工林最优平茬周期的确定
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摘要
针对毛乌素沙地沙柳人工林衰退问题,从防风固沙角度探讨沙柳林最佳平茬周期,为今后平茬作业提供理论依据。以毛乌素沙地丘间低地沙柳人工林为研究对象,测定平茬后不同林龄沙柳林林内粗糙度和风速廓线与林后沙丘迎风坡粗糙度,分析确定出兼顾沙柳特殊平茬生态学特性和防风固沙效益的最佳平茬周期。试验结果表明:沙柳在平茬后第4 a,林内粗糙度呈现最大值,地表比较稳定,之后开始出现下降趋势;沙柳林林后沙丘迎风坡的粗糙度在平茬后初期,地表粗糙度低于起沙时粗糙度,易发生风蚀现象,之后随着沙柳的生长,平茬后第3 a开始,林后7H(H为沙柳平均高度)内地表粗糙度均大于起沙时粗糙度,沙柳林对林后迎风坡防护效果较好,而4 a后,沙柳林防风能力下降,地表粗糙度下降,地表抗风蚀能力减弱。研究得出沙柳林最优的平茬周期为4 a。
Aiming at the decline of Salix psammophila plantation in Mu Us Sand Land,the best stumping period of Salix psammophila forest was discussed from the perspective of wind and sand fixation,which provided a theoretical basis for the future operation. The research on the roughness length and wind speed profile of Salix psammophila forest and the windward slope of post-forest sand dune in the low forest area of Mu Us Sandy Land was carried out to determine the special characteristics of Salix psammophila special flat the best stumping period of ecological characteristics and wind and sand fixation benefits. The results showed that in the 4 a after the sorghum,the roughness length of the forest showed the maximum,the surface was stable,and then began to decline. The roughness length of the windward slope of the sand dune after the sand willow forest was lower than that at the beginning of the flat ridge. The roughness length of sand is prone to wind erosion. After the growth of Salix psammophila,the surface roughness length of 7 H( H is the average height of Salix psammophila) in the post-forest period is greater than that of sanding. Salix psammophila forest has a better protective effect on the windward slope after the forest,and after4 a,the sand-proof ability of Salix psammophila forest decreases,the surface roughness length decreases,and the surface wind erosion resistance decreases. It is concluded that the optimal stumping period of Salix psammophila forest is 4 a.
Aiming at the decline of Salix psammophila plantation in Mu Us Sand Land,the best stumping period of Salix psammophila forest was discussed from the perspective of wind and sand fixation,which provided a theoretical basis for the future operation. The research on the roughness length and wind speed profile of Salix psammophila forest and the windward slope of post-forest sand dune in the low forest area of Mu Us Sandy Land was carried out to determine the special characteristics of Salix psammophila special flat the best stumping period of ecological characteristics and wind and sand fixation benefits. The results showed that in the 4 a after the sorghum,the roughness length of the forest showed the maximum,the surface was stable,and then began to decline. The roughness length of the windward slope of the sand dune after the sand willow forest was lower than that at the beginning of the flat ridge. The roughness length of sand is prone to wind erosion. After the growth of Salix psammophila,the surface roughness length of 7 H( H is the average height of Salix psammophila) in the post-forest period is greater than that of sanding. Salix psammophila forest has a better protective effect on the windward slope after the forest,and after4 a,the sand-proof ability of Salix psammophila forest decreases,the surface roughness length decreases,and the surface wind erosion resistance decreases. It is concluded that the optimal stumping period of Salix psammophila forest is 4 a.
引文
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12孙悦超,麻硕士,陈智.保护性耕作农田和柠条带状配置草地防风蚀效果的风洞测试[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(11):140-146Sun Yuechao,Ma Shuoshi,Chen Zhi.Wind tunnels test on antiwind erosion effect of conservation tillage farmland and caragana collocated with grassland in strip[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(11):140-146
2范乐,裴志永.不同抚育处理下沙柳新生枝茎流动态及其气象主控因子[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(9):198-204Fan Le,Pei Zhiyong.The stem flow dynamic state and main-controlmeteorological factors of the salix innovation given various tending treatment[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(9):198-204
3张岑,王树森,李艳慧,等.基于不同平茬次数的沙柳生物量及其与生长因子的关系研究[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2018,41(5):98-104Zhang Cen,Wang Shusen,Li Yanhui,et al.Biomass of Salix psammophila based on different times of stumping and its relationship with the growth factors[J].Inner Mongolia Forestry Investigation and Design,2018,41(5):98-104
4海龙,王晓江,张文军,等.毛乌素沙地人工沙柳(Salix psammophila)林平茬复壮技术[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(1):131-136Hai Long,Wang Xiaojiang,Zhang Wenjun,et al.Stuming rejuvenztion technology of Salix psammophila artificial shrubbery in the Mu Us sandy land[J].Journal of Desert Research,2016,36(1):131-136
5李阳,裴志永,秦伟,等.区域性皆伐抚育作业对沙柳林地土壤养分空间异质性的影响[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(18):161-165Li Yang,Pei Zhiyong,Qin Wei,et al.Regional clear cutting and operation on soil nutrient of Salix psammophila forest short-term disturbance characteristics[J].Science technology and engineering,2016,16(18):161-165
6邬向民.鄂尔多斯沙柳生态产业发展与技术选择研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2007Wu Xiangmin.Research on the development and technique selection of salixeheilophila ecological industry in erdos[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2007
7李鹏,高永,赵青,等.乌兰布和沙漠东北缘人工梭梭林防风效能分析[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(5):34-39Li Peng,Gao Yong,Zhao Qing,et al.Wulanbu and the windbreak effectiveness of Haloxylon ammodendron on northeast edg of Ulan Buh Desert[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,37(5):34-39
8贾丽娜,丁国栋,吴斌,等.几种不同材料类型带状沙障防风阻沙效益对比研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(1):41-44Jia Lina,Ding Guodong,Wu Bin,et al.Effect of different material types of sand barriers on wind prevention and sand resistance[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(1):41-44
9赵国平,左合君,徐连秀,等.沙柳沙障防风阻沙效益的研究[J].水土保持学报,2008(2):38-41,65Zhao Guoping,Zuo Hejun,Xu Lianxiu,et al.Effect on salix barrier on reducing wind and stabilizing sand[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2008(2):38-41,65
10唐艳,刘连友,哈斯,等.毛乌素沙地南缘3种灌草丛形态与阻沙能力的对比研究[J].水土保持研究,2008(2):44-48Tang Yan,Liu Lianyou,Haas,et al.Comparison on morphology and sand Trapping capacity of three shrubs in south Edge of Mu Us sandyland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008(2):44-48
11常佳丽,陈智,陈燕,等.三种典型地表风速廓线的试验研究[J].中国水土保持,2017(3):41-44Chang Jiali,Chen Zhi,Chen Yan,et al.Experimental study on three typical surface wind profiles[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2017(3):41-44
12孙悦超,麻硕士,陈智.保护性耕作农田和柠条带状配置草地防风蚀效果的风洞测试[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(11):140-146Sun Yuechao,Ma Shuoshi,Chen Zhi.Wind tunnels test on antiwind erosion effect of conservation tillage farmland and caragana collocated with grassland in strip[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(11):140-146
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