基于地下水位变化的荒漠河岸林蒸散估算
|
摘要
深根植物生长季蒸腾耗水是河岸林消耗地下水的主要方式之一,是荒漠绿洲水分循环的重要环节,因而有效估算荒漠河岸林蒸散对于河岸林管理具有重要的意义。本研究利用地下水位日波动方法对额济纳绿洲荒漠河岸林进行了蒸散估算研究,结果表明基于地下水日波动方法估算得到的七道桥胡杨林蒸散量与涡度相关和FAO-PM方法得到的蒸散结果变化趋势较为一致,且显著相关,说明地下水位日波动方法可以用于估算极端干旱的荒漠河岸林下的植被蒸散发量。最后探讨了考虑植物夜间蒸腾的地下水位日波动方法,新方法的蒸散估算较原始地下水位日波动方法的蒸散估算占涡度观测蒸散的比例从70%提高到了90%。
Evapotranspiration of phreatophytes in the riparian is one of key important component of hydrologic cycle in desert oasis ecosystem. It is also the most dominant driver of groundwater consumption and diurnal fluctuation of groundwater levels. Understandings of the magnitude and variability of the evapotranspiration of phreatophytes in riparian forests are of key important for management of riparian forests. In this paper,the diurnal groundwater level fluctuations method is used to estimate the groundwater evapotranspiration in riparian forests of Ejina oasis. The results showthat estimated groundwater evapotranspiration of the populous euphrarica in Qidaoqiao conservation area is consistent with the observed evapotranspiration using Eddy covariance method and with that estimated from the FAO-PMmodel. The correlation coefficients between estimated evapotranspiration from diurnal groundwater level fluctuations and observed evapotranspiration is strong and significant( p <0. 01).It indicates that estimated groundwater evapotranspiration of the desert riparian forests using the diurnal groundwater level fluctuations is reliable. This method was applied to estimate the evapotranspiration estimations of three different vegetation covers in the study area. When the nocturnal transpiration of populous euphrarica was considered,the ratio of estimated groundwater evapotranspiration to the observed evapotranspiration of populous euphrarica in the Qidaoqiao conservation area increased from 70% to 90% in the growing season of 2015,which indicates that nocturnal transprition is very important for accurate estimation of total evapotranspiration of the phreatophytes in the desert oasis ecosystem.
Evapotranspiration of phreatophytes in the riparian is one of key important component of hydrologic cycle in desert oasis ecosystem. It is also the most dominant driver of groundwater consumption and diurnal fluctuation of groundwater levels. Understandings of the magnitude and variability of the evapotranspiration of phreatophytes in riparian forests are of key important for management of riparian forests. In this paper,the diurnal groundwater level fluctuations method is used to estimate the groundwater evapotranspiration in riparian forests of Ejina oasis. The results showthat estimated groundwater evapotranspiration of the populous euphrarica in Qidaoqiao conservation area is consistent with the observed evapotranspiration using Eddy covariance method and with that estimated from the FAO-PMmodel. The correlation coefficients between estimated evapotranspiration from diurnal groundwater level fluctuations and observed evapotranspiration is strong and significant( p <0. 01).It indicates that estimated groundwater evapotranspiration of the desert riparian forests using the diurnal groundwater level fluctuations is reliable. This method was applied to estimate the evapotranspiration estimations of three different vegetation covers in the study area. When the nocturnal transpiration of populous euphrarica was considered,the ratio of estimated groundwater evapotranspiration to the observed evapotranspiration of populous euphrarica in the Qidaoqiao conservation area increased from 70% to 90% in the growing season of 2015,which indicates that nocturnal transprition is very important for accurate estimation of total evapotranspiration of the phreatophytes in the desert oasis ecosystem.
引文
Allen R G,Pereira L S,Raes D,et al,1998.FAO Irrigation and drainage paper NO.56 crop evapotranspiration[C].Rome,Italy,Guidelines for computing crop water requirements.
Barrongafford G A,Sanchezca1ete E P,Minor R L,et al,2017.Impacts of hydraulic redistribution on grass-tree competition vs facilitation in a semi-arid savanna[J].New Phytologist,215(4):1451-1461.
Bastiaanssen W G M,Menenti M,Feddes R A,et al,1998.A remote sensing surface energy balance algorithm for land(SEBAL):1.Formulation[J].Journal of Hydrology,212(1/4):198-212.
Brunel J P,Walker G R,Kennett-Smith A K,1995.Field validation of isotopic procedures for determining source water used by plants in a semi-arid environment[J].Journal of Hydrology,167:351-368.
Butler J J,Kluitenberg G J,Whittemore D O,et al,2007.A field investigation of phreatophyte-induced fluctuations in the water table[J].Water Resources Research,43(430):299-309.
Caird M A,Richards J H,Donovan L A,2007.Nighttime stomatal conductance and transpiration in C3 and C4 plants[J].Plant Physiology,143,4-10.
Chimner,R A,Cooper D J,2004.Using stable oxygen isotopes to quantify the water source used for transpiration by native shrubs in the San Luis Valley,Colorado,USA[J].Plant Soil,260:225-236.
Dahm C N,Cleverly J R,Coonrod J E A,et al,2002.Evapotranspiration at the land/water interface in a semi-arid drainage basin[J].Freshwater Biology,47(4):831-843.
Dulohery C J,Kolka R K,Mckevlin M R,et al,2000.Effects of a willow overstorey on planted seedlings in a bottomland restoration[J].Ecological Engineering,15(3):57-66.
Falge E,Baldocchi D,Olson R,et al,2001.Gap filling strategies for long term energy flux data sets.[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,107(1):71-77.
Fan J,Oestergaard K T,Guyot A,et al,2015.Estimating groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration from water table fluctuations under three vegetation covers in a coastal sandy aquifer of subtropical Australia[J].Journal of Hydrology,519(PA):1120-1129.
Fan J,Ostergaard K T,Guyot A,et al,2016.Estimating groundwater evapotranspiration by a subtropical pine plantation using diurnal water table fluctuations:Implications from night-time water use[J].Journal of Hydrology,542:679-685.
Good S P,Noone D,Bowen G,2015.Hydrologic connectivity constrains partitioning of global terrestrial water fluxes[J].Science,349(6244):175-177.
Gribovszki Z,Kalicz P,Szilágyi J,et al,2008.Riparian zone evapotranspiration estimation from diurnal groundwater level fluctuations[J].Journal of Hydrology,349(1):6-17.
Howell T A,Tolk J A,Schneider A D,et al,1998.Evapotranspira-tion,yield,and water use efficiency of corn hybrids differingin maturity[J].Agronomy Journal,90(1):3-9.
Loheide S P,Butler J J,Gorelick S M,2005.Estimation of groundwater consumption by phreatophytes using diurnal water table fluctuations:A saturated-unsaturated flow assessment[J].Water Resources Research,41(7):372-380.
Lubczynski M W,2009.The hydrogeological role of trees in water-limited environments[J].Hydrogeology Journal,17(1):247-259.
Monteith J L,1965.Evaporation and environment[J].Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology,19:205-234.
Priestley C H B,Taylor R J,1972.On the assessment of surface heat flux and evaporation using large scale parameters[J].Monthly Weather Review,100:31-92.
Prieto I,Armas C,Pugnaire F I,2012.Water release through plant roots:new insights into its consequences at the plant and ecosystem level[J].New Phytologist,193(4):830-841.
Swinbank W C,1951.The Measurement of Vertical Transfer of Heat and Water Vapor by Eddies in the Lower Atmosphere.[J].Journal of Meteorology,8:135-145.
Thornthwaite C W,1948.An approach towards a rational classification of climate[J].Geographical Review,38:55-94.
Weeks E P,Sorey M L,1973.Use of finite-difference arrays of observation wells to estimate evapotranspiration from ground water in the Arkansas River Valley,Colorado,U.S[M].Geological Survey watersupply paper,27.
White W N,1932.A method of estimating ground-water supplies based on discharge by plants and evaporation from soil:Results of investigations in Escalante Valley,Utah,U.S[M].Geological Survey water-supply paper.,659-A.
Wohlfahrt G,Haslwanter A,Hortnagl L,et al,2009.On the consequences of the energy imbalance for calculating surface conductance to water vapour.Agric For Meteorol,149:1556-1559.
Yin L,Zhou Y,Ge S,et al,2013.Comparison and modification of methods for estimating evapotranspiration using diurnal groundwater level fluctuations in arid and semiarid regions[J].Journal of Hydrology,496(2):9-16.
Zeppel M,Logan B,Lewis J D,et al,2013.Why lose water at night?Disentangling the mystery of nocturnal sap flow,transpiration and stomatal conductance-when,where,who?[J].Acta Horticulturae,991(991):307-312.
高冠龙,冯起,张小由,等,2017.蒸散发模型结合微气象数据模拟陆面蒸散发研究进展[J].高原气象,36(6):1630-1637.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00115.
龚家栋,董光荣,李森,等,1998.黑河下游额济纳绿洲环境退化及综合治理[J].中国沙漠,18(1):44-50.
司建华,冯起,鱼腾飞,等,2014.植物夜间蒸腾及其生态水文效应研究进展[J].水科学进展,25(6):907-914.
王帅兵,李常斌,杨林山,等,2015.Budyko方程和单作物系数法在区域蒸散发估算中的耦合及应用[J].中国沙漠,35(3):683-689.
杨光超,朱忠礼,谭磊,等,2015.怀来地区蒸渗仪测定玉米田蒸散发分析[J].高原气象,34(4):1095-1106.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00114.
尹力,赵良菊,阮云峰,等,2012.黑河下游典型生态系统水分补给源及优势植物水分来源研究[J].冰川冻土,34(6):1478-1486.
余伟莅,2013.额济纳胡杨物候节律及生理生态特性研究[D].北京:北京林业大学.
鱼腾飞,冯起,司建华,等,2017a.黑河下游柽柳根系水力提升对林分蒸散的贡献[J].生态学报,37(18):6029-6037.
鱼腾飞,冯起,司建华,等,2017b.胡杨的夜间蒸腾---来自树干液流、叶片气体交换及显微结构的证据[J].北京林业大学学报,39(9):8-16.
袁国富,罗毅,邵明安,等,2015.塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林蒸散规律及其关键控制机制[J].中国科学(地球科学),45(5):695-706.
张武文,史生胜,2002.额济纳绿洲地下水动态与植被退化关系的研究[J].冰川冻土,24(4):421-425.
赵春彦,司建华,冯起,等,2015.胡杨夜间液流通量及其影响因子研究[J].干旱区研究,32(6):1173-1180.
Barrongafford G A,Sanchezca1ete E P,Minor R L,et al,2017.Impacts of hydraulic redistribution on grass-tree competition vs facilitation in a semi-arid savanna[J].New Phytologist,215(4):1451-1461.
Bastiaanssen W G M,Menenti M,Feddes R A,et al,1998.A remote sensing surface energy balance algorithm for land(SEBAL):1.Formulation[J].Journal of Hydrology,212(1/4):198-212.
Brunel J P,Walker G R,Kennett-Smith A K,1995.Field validation of isotopic procedures for determining source water used by plants in a semi-arid environment[J].Journal of Hydrology,167:351-368.
Butler J J,Kluitenberg G J,Whittemore D O,et al,2007.A field investigation of phreatophyte-induced fluctuations in the water table[J].Water Resources Research,43(430):299-309.
Caird M A,Richards J H,Donovan L A,2007.Nighttime stomatal conductance and transpiration in C3 and C4 plants[J].Plant Physiology,143,4-10.
Chimner,R A,Cooper D J,2004.Using stable oxygen isotopes to quantify the water source used for transpiration by native shrubs in the San Luis Valley,Colorado,USA[J].Plant Soil,260:225-236.
Dahm C N,Cleverly J R,Coonrod J E A,et al,2002.Evapotranspiration at the land/water interface in a semi-arid drainage basin[J].Freshwater Biology,47(4):831-843.
Dulohery C J,Kolka R K,Mckevlin M R,et al,2000.Effects of a willow overstorey on planted seedlings in a bottomland restoration[J].Ecological Engineering,15(3):57-66.
Falge E,Baldocchi D,Olson R,et al,2001.Gap filling strategies for long term energy flux data sets.[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,107(1):71-77.
Fan J,Oestergaard K T,Guyot A,et al,2015.Estimating groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration from water table fluctuations under three vegetation covers in a coastal sandy aquifer of subtropical Australia[J].Journal of Hydrology,519(PA):1120-1129.
Fan J,Ostergaard K T,Guyot A,et al,2016.Estimating groundwater evapotranspiration by a subtropical pine plantation using diurnal water table fluctuations:Implications from night-time water use[J].Journal of Hydrology,542:679-685.
Good S P,Noone D,Bowen G,2015.Hydrologic connectivity constrains partitioning of global terrestrial water fluxes[J].Science,349(6244):175-177.
Gribovszki Z,Kalicz P,Szilágyi J,et al,2008.Riparian zone evapotranspiration estimation from diurnal groundwater level fluctuations[J].Journal of Hydrology,349(1):6-17.
Howell T A,Tolk J A,Schneider A D,et al,1998.Evapotranspira-tion,yield,and water use efficiency of corn hybrids differingin maturity[J].Agronomy Journal,90(1):3-9.
Loheide S P,Butler J J,Gorelick S M,2005.Estimation of groundwater consumption by phreatophytes using diurnal water table fluctuations:A saturated-unsaturated flow assessment[J].Water Resources Research,41(7):372-380.
Lubczynski M W,2009.The hydrogeological role of trees in water-limited environments[J].Hydrogeology Journal,17(1):247-259.
Monteith J L,1965.Evaporation and environment[J].Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology,19:205-234.
Priestley C H B,Taylor R J,1972.On the assessment of surface heat flux and evaporation using large scale parameters[J].Monthly Weather Review,100:31-92.
Prieto I,Armas C,Pugnaire F I,2012.Water release through plant roots:new insights into its consequences at the plant and ecosystem level[J].New Phytologist,193(4):830-841.
Swinbank W C,1951.The Measurement of Vertical Transfer of Heat and Water Vapor by Eddies in the Lower Atmosphere.[J].Journal of Meteorology,8:135-145.
Thornthwaite C W,1948.An approach towards a rational classification of climate[J].Geographical Review,38:55-94.
Weeks E P,Sorey M L,1973.Use of finite-difference arrays of observation wells to estimate evapotranspiration from ground water in the Arkansas River Valley,Colorado,U.S[M].Geological Survey watersupply paper,27.
White W N,1932.A method of estimating ground-water supplies based on discharge by plants and evaporation from soil:Results of investigations in Escalante Valley,Utah,U.S[M].Geological Survey water-supply paper.,659-A.
Wohlfahrt G,Haslwanter A,Hortnagl L,et al,2009.On the consequences of the energy imbalance for calculating surface conductance to water vapour.Agric For Meteorol,149:1556-1559.
Yin L,Zhou Y,Ge S,et al,2013.Comparison and modification of methods for estimating evapotranspiration using diurnal groundwater level fluctuations in arid and semiarid regions[J].Journal of Hydrology,496(2):9-16.
Zeppel M,Logan B,Lewis J D,et al,2013.Why lose water at night?Disentangling the mystery of nocturnal sap flow,transpiration and stomatal conductance-when,where,who?[J].Acta Horticulturae,991(991):307-312.
高冠龙,冯起,张小由,等,2017.蒸散发模型结合微气象数据模拟陆面蒸散发研究进展[J].高原气象,36(6):1630-1637.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00115.
龚家栋,董光荣,李森,等,1998.黑河下游额济纳绿洲环境退化及综合治理[J].中国沙漠,18(1):44-50.
司建华,冯起,鱼腾飞,等,2014.植物夜间蒸腾及其生态水文效应研究进展[J].水科学进展,25(6):907-914.
王帅兵,李常斌,杨林山,等,2015.Budyko方程和单作物系数法在区域蒸散发估算中的耦合及应用[J].中国沙漠,35(3):683-689.
杨光超,朱忠礼,谭磊,等,2015.怀来地区蒸渗仪测定玉米田蒸散发分析[J].高原气象,34(4):1095-1106.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00114.
尹力,赵良菊,阮云峰,等,2012.黑河下游典型生态系统水分补给源及优势植物水分来源研究[J].冰川冻土,34(6):1478-1486.
余伟莅,2013.额济纳胡杨物候节律及生理生态特性研究[D].北京:北京林业大学.
鱼腾飞,冯起,司建华,等,2017a.黑河下游柽柳根系水力提升对林分蒸散的贡献[J].生态学报,37(18):6029-6037.
鱼腾飞,冯起,司建华,等,2017b.胡杨的夜间蒸腾---来自树干液流、叶片气体交换及显微结构的证据[J].北京林业大学学报,39(9):8-16.
袁国富,罗毅,邵明安,等,2015.塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林蒸散规律及其关键控制机制[J].中国科学(地球科学),45(5):695-706.
张武文,史生胜,2002.额济纳绿洲地下水动态与植被退化关系的研究[J].冰川冻土,24(4):421-425.
赵春彦,司建华,冯起,等,2015.胡杨夜间液流通量及其影响因子研究[J].干旱区研究,32(6):1173-1180.