家长执行式干预在自闭症儿童家庭中的应用
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摘要
目的:探究家长执行式干预在自闭症儿童家庭中的应用效果。方法:采用中国自闭症儿童家庭康复项目CST培训材料对60名自闭症儿童及其父母进行培训,并使用儿童孤独症评定量表和比里奇家庭生活质量量表对培训前后儿童及家长的状况进行评估。结果:实验组儿童孤独症评定量表总分后测分数显著低于前测分数,6周后的跟踪评估显示干预具有良好的维持效果,且在家庭互动、情绪需求和相关支持三个维度上前后测与组别的交互作用显著,实验组家长后测分数显著高于前测,对照组的前后测分数无显著性差异。结论:家长执行式干预对自闭症儿童社交沟通能力有积极影响,也对提高家长在家庭互动、情绪需求及相关支持方面的满意度以及家庭生活质量改善有积极效果。
Objective: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of parent-implemented intervention in the family of children with autism. Methods: Sixty parents with autistic children were trained with Caregiver Skills Training(CST) Materials from China Autistic Children's Family Project. Childhood Autism Rating Scale(CARS) and Bench Center Family Quality of Life Scale(BCFQOLS) were to evaluate both children and parents before and after the training. Results: Total score of the children in the experimental group was significantly lower than the pretest score, and the 6 weeks tracking assessment showed that parent-implemented intervention had a maintenance effect. There was a significant interaction effect between groups and pre-post tests on three dimensions of family interaction, emotional needs and related support, and the posttest score was significantly higher than that of the pretest. Conclusion: Parent-implemented intervention has a positive impact on promoting the social communication ability of children with autism. Meanwhile, it also accumulates practical experience for improving parents' satisfaction with family interaction, emotional needs and related support and improving the quality of family life.
Objective: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of parent-implemented intervention in the family of children with autism. Methods: Sixty parents with autistic children were trained with Caregiver Skills Training(CST) Materials from China Autistic Children's Family Project. Childhood Autism Rating Scale(CARS) and Bench Center Family Quality of Life Scale(BCFQOLS) were to evaluate both children and parents before and after the training. Results: Total score of the children in the experimental group was significantly lower than the pretest score, and the 6 weeks tracking assessment showed that parent-implemented intervention had a maintenance effect. There was a significant interaction effect between groups and pre-post tests on three dimensions of family interaction, emotional needs and related support, and the posttest score was significantly higher than that of the pretest. Conclusion: Parent-implemented intervention has a positive impact on promoting the social communication ability of children with autism. Meanwhile, it also accumulates practical experience for improving parents' satisfaction with family interaction, emotional needs and related support and improving the quality of family life.
引文
1徐云,张宇慧.家庭亲密度和适应性、子女教育心理控制源与自闭症儿童问题行为的关系.中国临床心理学杂志,2018,26(1):78-81+85
2徐云.自闭症儿童的早期发现、干预、教育研究进展.北京:科学出版社,2017.1-23
3 Cohrs AC,Leslie DL.Depression in parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder:a claims-based analysis.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,2017,47(5):1416-1422
4 Larson EA.Ever vigilant:maternal support of participation in daily life for boys with autism.Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics,2010,30(1):16-27
5 Cohen S,Wills TA.Stress,social support,and the buffering hypothesis.Psychological Bulletin,1985,98(2):310-357
6 Seligman M,Darling RB.Ordinary families,special children:a systems approach to childhood disability(3rded.).New York,NY:Guilford,2007.143-152
7 Wong C,Odom SL,Hume K,et al.Evidence-based practices for children,youth,and young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Chapel Hill:The University of North Carolina,Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute,Autism Evidence-Based Practice Review Group,2013
8 Solish A,Perry A.Parents involvement in their children’s behavioral intervention programs:parent and therapist perspectives.Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders,2008,4(2):728-738
9 Krantz PJ,MacDuff MT,McClannahan LE.Programming participation in family activities for children with autism:parents’use of photographic activity schedules.Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis,1993,26(1):137-138
10 Kaiser AP,Roberts MY.Parent-implemented enhanced milieu teaching with preschool children with intellectual disabilities.Journal Speech Lang Hear Research,2013,56(1):295-309
11 Lang R,Machalicek W,Rispoli M,et al.Training parents to implement communication interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders(ASD):A systematic review.In Taylor&Francis Group(Eds.),Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention(Vol.3).London,UK:Psychology Press,2009.174-190
12 Rogers SJ,Vismara L,Wagner AL,et al.Autism treatment in the first year of life:a pilot study of infant start,a parentimplemented intervention for symptomatic infants.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,2014,44(12):2981-299513曾松添,胡晓毅.美国自闭症幼儿家长执行式干预法研究综述.中国特殊教育,2015,6:62-70
14肖洪莉.美国“家长执行式干预”概述及启示.现代特殊教育,2016,9:76-78
15刘昊,刘立辉.父母实施孤独症儿童共同注意干预的效果研究.中国特殊教育,2010,2:36-41
16 Training parents to transform children’s lives[EB/OL].https://www.who.int/mental_health/maternal-child/PST/en/2019-3-3
17卢建平,杨志伟,舒明耀,等.儿童孤独症量表评定的信度、效度分析.中国现代医学杂志,2004,14(13):119-123
18胡晓毅,王勉.北京地区发展性障碍儿童家庭生活质量的研究.中国特殊教育,2012,7:3-10
19陆汝文,邹冰,陈玉珍.儿童孤独症早期家庭训练方法的研究.中国特殊教育,2000,2:28-30
20卿小娟,成新宁,江淑娟,等.儿童孤独症家庭干预效果观察.中国卫生产业,2013,10(35):15+17
21刘晶波.特殊儿童早期发展支持.南京:南京师范大学出版社,2014.66-69
22 Koegel RL,Koegel LK,Vernon TW,et al.Empirically supported pivotal response treatment for children with autism spectrum disorders.In R John,Weisz,E Alan,Kazdin(Eds.),Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents.New York,USA:Guilford Press,2010.327-344
23刘超,卢斌,张瑜,等.机构结构化教育联合家庭康复训练治疗儿童孤独症的疗效观察.中国当代儿科杂志,2015,17(12):1277-1281
24陈强,曾淑萍,周翔,等.综合干预对孤独症儿童的疗效分析.中国儿童保健杂志,2013,21(1):43-45
25赵冬梅,杨良政,张艳卿,等.培训-家庭康复训练模式治疗儿童孤独症疗效观察.中国康复医学杂志,2014,29(3):260-262
26 Staniute M,Brozaitiene J,Bunevicius R.Effects of social support and stressful life events on health-related quality of life in coronary artery disease patients.Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing,2013,28(1):83-89
27 Siklos S,Kerns KA.Assessing need for social support in parents of children with autism and Down Syndrome.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,2006,36(7):921-933
2徐云.自闭症儿童的早期发现、干预、教育研究进展.北京:科学出版社,2017.1-23
3 Cohrs AC,Leslie DL.Depression in parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder:a claims-based analysis.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,2017,47(5):1416-1422
4 Larson EA.Ever vigilant:maternal support of participation in daily life for boys with autism.Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics,2010,30(1):16-27
5 Cohen S,Wills TA.Stress,social support,and the buffering hypothesis.Psychological Bulletin,1985,98(2):310-357
6 Seligman M,Darling RB.Ordinary families,special children:a systems approach to childhood disability(3rded.).New York,NY:Guilford,2007.143-152
7 Wong C,Odom SL,Hume K,et al.Evidence-based practices for children,youth,and young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Chapel Hill:The University of North Carolina,Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute,Autism Evidence-Based Practice Review Group,2013
8 Solish A,Perry A.Parents involvement in their children’s behavioral intervention programs:parent and therapist perspectives.Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders,2008,4(2):728-738
9 Krantz PJ,MacDuff MT,McClannahan LE.Programming participation in family activities for children with autism:parents’use of photographic activity schedules.Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis,1993,26(1):137-138
10 Kaiser AP,Roberts MY.Parent-implemented enhanced milieu teaching with preschool children with intellectual disabilities.Journal Speech Lang Hear Research,2013,56(1):295-309
11 Lang R,Machalicek W,Rispoli M,et al.Training parents to implement communication interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders(ASD):A systematic review.In Taylor&Francis Group(Eds.),Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention(Vol.3).London,UK:Psychology Press,2009.174-190
12 Rogers SJ,Vismara L,Wagner AL,et al.Autism treatment in the first year of life:a pilot study of infant start,a parentimplemented intervention for symptomatic infants.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,2014,44(12):2981-299513曾松添,胡晓毅.美国自闭症幼儿家长执行式干预法研究综述.中国特殊教育,2015,6:62-70
14肖洪莉.美国“家长执行式干预”概述及启示.现代特殊教育,2016,9:76-78
15刘昊,刘立辉.父母实施孤独症儿童共同注意干预的效果研究.中国特殊教育,2010,2:36-41
16 Training parents to transform children’s lives[EB/OL].https://www.who.int/mental_health/maternal-child/PST/en/2019-3-3
17卢建平,杨志伟,舒明耀,等.儿童孤独症量表评定的信度、效度分析.中国现代医学杂志,2004,14(13):119-123
18胡晓毅,王勉.北京地区发展性障碍儿童家庭生活质量的研究.中国特殊教育,2012,7:3-10
19陆汝文,邹冰,陈玉珍.儿童孤独症早期家庭训练方法的研究.中国特殊教育,2000,2:28-30
20卿小娟,成新宁,江淑娟,等.儿童孤独症家庭干预效果观察.中国卫生产业,2013,10(35):15+17
21刘晶波.特殊儿童早期发展支持.南京:南京师范大学出版社,2014.66-69
22 Koegel RL,Koegel LK,Vernon TW,et al.Empirically supported pivotal response treatment for children with autism spectrum disorders.In R John,Weisz,E Alan,Kazdin(Eds.),Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents.New York,USA:Guilford Press,2010.327-344
23刘超,卢斌,张瑜,等.机构结构化教育联合家庭康复训练治疗儿童孤独症的疗效观察.中国当代儿科杂志,2015,17(12):1277-1281
24陈强,曾淑萍,周翔,等.综合干预对孤独症儿童的疗效分析.中国儿童保健杂志,2013,21(1):43-45
25赵冬梅,杨良政,张艳卿,等.培训-家庭康复训练模式治疗儿童孤独症疗效观察.中国康复医学杂志,2014,29(3):260-262
26 Staniute M,Brozaitiene J,Bunevicius R.Effects of social support and stressful life events on health-related quality of life in coronary artery disease patients.Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing,2013,28(1):83-89
27 Siklos S,Kerns KA.Assessing need for social support in parents of children with autism and Down Syndrome.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,2006,36(7):921-933
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