基于多维视角的女性科技工作者工作-家庭冲突问题研究
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摘要
运用质性研究方法,以多维视角深入探讨了女性科技工作者工作-家庭冲突问题构成及产生机理。角色冲突、边界冲突、社会认同冲突、社会支持冲突、文化冲突五个维度造成了女性科技工作者工作-家庭冲突问题。而且五个维度相互联系:"隐性"边界冲突、社会认同冲突、社会支持冲突、文化冲突能够激化角色冲突的"显性"发生。在重视"显性角色冲突"的同时,关注"潜在冲突"的隐性作用,提升组织支持,注重人本导向,纠正媒介形象偏差等方面,提出了缓解女性科技工作者工作-家庭冲突的对策建议。
Using qualitative research methods,this paper probes into the constitution and mechanism of work-family conflict among female scientists and technicians from a multi-dimensional perspective.The five dimensions' conflicts of role,border,social identity,social support and culture have caused the work-family conflict of female scientific and technical workers.Moreover,the five dimensions are interrelated:"implicit"boundary conflict,social identity conflict,social support conflict and cultural conflict can intensify the"dominant"occurrence of role conflict.Alongside paying attention to the hidden role of"potential conflict",enhancing organizational support,focusing on humanistic orientation and correcting media image deviation,this paper elaborates the countermeasures and suggestions to alleviate the work-family conflict of female scientists and technicians.
Using qualitative research methods,this paper probes into the constitution and mechanism of work-family conflict among female scientists and technicians from a multi-dimensional perspective.The five dimensions' conflicts of role,border,social identity,social support and culture have caused the work-family conflict of female scientific and technical workers.Moreover,the five dimensions are interrelated:"implicit"boundary conflict,social identity conflict,social support conflict and cultural conflict can intensify the"dominant"occurrence of role conflict.Alongside paying attention to the hidden role of"potential conflict",enhancing organizational support,focusing on humanistic orientation and correcting media image deviation,this paper elaborates the countermeasures and suggestions to alleviate the work-family conflict of female scientists and technicians.
引文
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[13]韩晋芳,吕科伟.女性科技工作者成长与发展影响因素调查分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2015,36(9):158-163.
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[15]朱婷钰,赵万里.玛蒂尔达效应与科学界的性别不平等:基于对中国科技工作者分层状况的调查研究[J].自然辩证法通讯,2017,39(5):8-17.
[16]朱依娜,卢阳旭.性别、家庭与高校教师的时间分配:基于2011年全国科技工作者时间利用调查[J].妇女研究论丛,2014(5):24-32.
[17]李媛.我国女性科技工作者成长过程探析及启示[J].中国科学基金,2013(5):274-277.
[18]肖湘雄,丁婷婷.心理资本对女性科技人员工作绩效的影响研究[J].湖南财政经济学院学报,2015,31(156):153-158.
[19]中国女性科技工作者网.《女性科技工作者成长与发展影响因素》访谈记录[EB/OL].http://www.cwst.net/n12342409/n12345499/n13233866/13240301.html,2011-08-30/2017-10-15.
[2]Gutek B A,Nakamura C Y,Nieva V F.The interdependence of work and family roles[J].Journal of Occupational Behavior,1981,2(1):1-16.
[3]Gutek B A,Searle S,Klepa L.Rational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1991,76(4):560-568.
[4]Eagly A H,Wood W,Diekman A B.Social role theory of sex differences and similarities:A current appraisal[C]//Eckes T,Trautner H M.The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender.Mahwah:Lawrence Erlbaum Asso-Ciates Publishers,2000:123-174.
[5]Greenhaus J H,Beutell N J.Sources of conflict between work and family roles[J].Academy of Management Review,1985,10(1):76-88.
[6]Michel J S,Kotrba L M,Mitchelson J K,et al.Antecedents of work-family conflict:A meta-analytic review[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,2011,32(5):689-725.
[7]Allen T D,Herst D E L.Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict:A review and agenda for future research[J].Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,2000,5(2):278-308.
[8]Kossek E E,Ozeki C.Work-family conflict,policies and the job-life satisfaction relationship:A review and directions for organizational behavior-human resources research[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1998,83(2):139-149.
[9]Ford M T,Heinen B A,Langkamer K L.Work and family satisfaction and conflict:A meta-analysis of cross-domain relations[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2007,92(1):57-80.
[10]Maertz C P,Boyar S L.Work-family conflict,enrichment and balance under‘levels’and‘episodes’approaches[J].Journal of Management,2011,37(1):68-98.
[11]林忠,鞠蕾,陈丽.工作-家庭冲突研究与中国议题:视角、内容和设计[J].管理世界,2013(9):154-171.
[12]李全喜.女性科技工作者职业发展影响因素的三维解析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2009,30(12):188-191.
[13]韩晋芳,吕科伟.女性科技工作者成长与发展影响因素调查分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2015,36(9):158-163.
[14]张健,张再生.科技工作者工作满意度实证分析:基于天津市数据[J].中国科技论坛,2010(3):112-116.
[15]朱婷钰,赵万里.玛蒂尔达效应与科学界的性别不平等:基于对中国科技工作者分层状况的调查研究[J].自然辩证法通讯,2017,39(5):8-17.
[16]朱依娜,卢阳旭.性别、家庭与高校教师的时间分配:基于2011年全国科技工作者时间利用调查[J].妇女研究论丛,2014(5):24-32.
[17]李媛.我国女性科技工作者成长过程探析及启示[J].中国科学基金,2013(5):274-277.
[18]肖湘雄,丁婷婷.心理资本对女性科技人员工作绩效的影响研究[J].湖南财政经济学院学报,2015,31(156):153-158.
[19]中国女性科技工作者网.《女性科技工作者成长与发展影响因素》访谈记录[EB/OL].http://www.cwst.net/n12342409/n12345499/n13233866/13240301.html,2011-08-30/2017-10-15.
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