基于舒适度优化的沈阳旧住宅小区适老化景观更新研究——以秀山小区为例
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摘要
在中国老龄化快速发展与以居家养老模式为主的背景下,关注东北旧城区庞大老年群体的户外健身环境。东北的冬季漫长而寒冷,由于大量开放的老旧小区位于高密度的旧城区环境,因此老年人户外运动空间质量亟待改善。通过微环境分析模拟、参数化设计过程、低技术景观手段,优化老年人的户外运动空间。一是优化微气候环境,通过微气候模拟改善风光热环境的舒适度,避免高层风、永久日影等不利影响。二是优化微公共环境,研究户外运动空间向交往空间转化,增加老年人群体性交往;通过声学模拟挖掘声环境非敏感区,规划广场舞等运动场地,使老年人健身微公共环境更加和谐。三是搭建健身导航地图,通过微环境评价,优选健身点与健身路径形成绿线网络,穿插于高密度旧城空间中,进一步与互联网电子地图结合,形成老年人健身导航地图App系统,科学引导老年人健身运动。实现东北旧城区户外空间从被动容纳老年人活动至主动引导老年人健身再到科学促进老年人身心健康的研究目标。
Under the background of the fast development of aging and the home retirement mode, this paper focuses on the outdoor fitness environment of the Northeast China's old city's elderly. The Northeast China long and cold winter, the high density urban environment of the old residential areas and a large number of the opening old residential areas, make it urgent to improve the outdoor spaces' quality of the elderly. The research optimizes the outdoor spaces of the elderly through the micro environment analysis simulation, the parametric design processes and the low technology landscape means. One is the optimization of the micro climate environment, through the micro climate model to improve the scenery of thermal comfort, and avoid the adverse effects of high-rise wind and the permanent shadow, etc. Two is to optimize the micro public environment and study on the transformation of outdoor spaces to the communication spaces to increase the elderly group communication. The acoustic simulation mining sound environmental non-sensitive area, and the planning square for dancing and the other sports venues, make the micro public environment more harmonious for the elderly. Three is to build the fitness navigation maps, through the micro environment evaluations to optimize the fitness points and the fitness paths so as to form the green network, which crossing in the old cities and further combing with the electronic maps. In this way, we can form the Apps for elderly fitness navigation maps to guide the aged fitness scientifically. The goals can be achieved that the northeast old cites' outdoor spaces can alter from accommodating the elderly activities passively to accommodating the elderly proactively, and finally scientifically promote the mental health of the elderly.
Under the background of the fast development of aging and the home retirement mode, this paper focuses on the outdoor fitness environment of the Northeast China's old city's elderly. The Northeast China long and cold winter, the high density urban environment of the old residential areas and a large number of the opening old residential areas, make it urgent to improve the outdoor spaces' quality of the elderly. The research optimizes the outdoor spaces of the elderly through the micro environment analysis simulation, the parametric design processes and the low technology landscape means. One is the optimization of the micro climate environment, through the micro climate model to improve the scenery of thermal comfort, and avoid the adverse effects of high-rise wind and the permanent shadow, etc. Two is to optimize the micro public environment and study on the transformation of outdoor spaces to the communication spaces to increase the elderly group communication. The acoustic simulation mining sound environmental non-sensitive area, and the planning square for dancing and the other sports venues, make the micro public environment more harmonious for the elderly. Three is to build the fitness navigation maps, through the micro environment evaluations to optimize the fitness points and the fitness paths so as to form the green network, which crossing in the old cities and further combing with the electronic maps. In this way, we can form the Apps for elderly fitness navigation maps to guide the aged fitness scientifically. The goals can be achieved that the northeast old cites' outdoor spaces can alter from accommodating the elderly activities passively to accommodating the elderly proactively, and finally scientifically promote the mental health of the elderly.
引文
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[3]Greenfield E A.Using Ecological Frameworks to Advance a Field of Research,Practice,and Policy on Aging-in-Place Initiatives[J].Gerontologist,2012(1):1-12.
[4]Wool ey H.Inclusive Open Spaces[J].Landscape Design,2002(5):43-45.
[5]Chui E.Ageing in Place in Hong Kong-Challenges and Opportunities in a Capitalist Chinese City[J].Ageing International,2008(3):167-182.
[6]Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habit at hands,ed.Building design for handicapped and aged persons[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1992.
[7]黄萍.居住小区规划中的老年人因素分析[J].中外房地产导报,1998(4):21-23.
[8]梅欹,刘滨谊.上海住区风景园林空间冬季微气候感受分析[J].中国园林,2017,33(4):12-17.
[9]刘滨谊,梅欹,匡纬.上海城市居住区风景园林空间小气候要素与人群行为关系测析[J].中国园林,2016,32(1):5-9.
[10]刘滨谊,司润泽.基于数据实测与CFD模拟的住区风环境景观适应性策略:以同济大学彰武路宿舍区为例[J].中国园林,2018,34(2):24-28.
[11]卢蔚.营造适合老年人的居住区复合型公共空间[J].华中建筑,2005,25(5):84-115.
[12]刘颂,钱仁赞.老年人弥补性景观及其规划设计初探[J].上海城市规划,2008(12):15-22.
[13]李云平.严寒地区高层住区风环境模拟分析及设计策略研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006.
[14]刘倩.老年社区及其居住环境研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2007.
[15]宋旭煌.中国老年型城市老人社区生活空间环境研究[D].上海:同济大学,1996.
[16]张剑敏.适宜城市老人的户外环境研究[J].建筑学报,1997(9):11-15.
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