江苏省玉米生产情况调研与分析
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摘要
玉米是江苏省第三大粮食作物。实现玉米高产稳产、省工节本、绿色增效是有效提高种植收益,提升农户种植玉米积极性,保障玉米产业稳定发展的关键。本研究对江苏省2013-2017年全省的玉米生产情况进行了调研,分析了江苏省玉米生产农户的基本情况,投入和产出,品种,密度,播期,肥料施用,耕作方式。并明确了限制江苏省玉米产量和效率提升的关键因子(玉米价格低效益差、玉米螟、干旱、土壤不够肥沃、锈病、种植方式不适宜、种植密度较高或较低、倒伏、涝渍、大小斑病)。在此基础上,提出了江苏省普通玉米的发展应以耐密多抗品种为载体,以机械化栽培为核心,配套集成适期播种,合理增密,精确施肥,综合防控,机械晚收,秸秆还田等技术,形成轻简化栽培技术,实现玉米生产省工节本,丰产增效,增加农民收入。
Maize is the third largest food crop in Jiangsu province. Got the high and stable grain yield with low labor and source cost,green and highly efficient cultivation is important to improve the maize production enthusiasm of peasant and guarantee the stable development of maize industry. The production of maize in Jiangsu province from 2013 to2017 was investigated based on the questionnaire. The basic information of corn producers was analyzed,including cost and output,variety,density,sowing date,fertilization application and tillage method. The key factors restricting the increase of maize grain yield and efficiency in Jiangsu province were identified such as low maize price,poor benefit,maize borer,drought,infertile soil,rust disease,unsuited cultivation method and plant density,lodging,waterlogging,and leaf blight( Helminthosporium turcicum and Helminthosporiun maydis). Based on the survey results,the development of maize should take higher density and multi-resistant varieties as carrier,mechanized cultivation as core technology and integrate other technologies such as suitable planting date,appropriate density,accurate fertilization,comprehensive crop protection, mechanical late harvest, and straw returning. The mechanized and simple cultivation technique can save labor and cost in maize production,increase grain yield and efficiency,and raise farmers' income.
Maize is the third largest food crop in Jiangsu province. Got the high and stable grain yield with low labor and source cost,green and highly efficient cultivation is important to improve the maize production enthusiasm of peasant and guarantee the stable development of maize industry. The production of maize in Jiangsu province from 2013 to2017 was investigated based on the questionnaire. The basic information of corn producers was analyzed,including cost and output,variety,density,sowing date,fertilization application and tillage method. The key factors restricting the increase of maize grain yield and efficiency in Jiangsu province were identified such as low maize price,poor benefit,maize borer,drought,infertile soil,rust disease,unsuited cultivation method and plant density,lodging,waterlogging,and leaf blight( Helminthosporium turcicum and Helminthosporiun maydis). Based on the survey results,the development of maize should take higher density and multi-resistant varieties as carrier,mechanized cultivation as core technology and integrate other technologies such as suitable planting date,appropriate density,accurate fertilization,comprehensive crop protection, mechanical late harvest, and straw returning. The mechanized and simple cultivation technique can save labor and cost in maize production,increase grain yield and efficiency,and raise farmers' income.
引文
[1]刘鹏,董树亭,李少昆,等.高产玉米氮素高效利用[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(12):2232-2237.
[2]李少昆,赵久然,董树亭,等.中国玉米栽培研究进展与展望[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):1941-1959.
[3]武玉环,郭静利.农业政策和科技创新对玉米价格的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2016,18(6):187-194.
[4]杨巍.我国玉米种植户的技术需求及技术获得途径分析[J].农业经济,2017(6):51-52.
[5]徐金海.农民农业科技服务需求意愿与评价分析---基于江苏部分地区的调查[J].科技进步与对策,2010,27(9):115-118.
[6]王琦琪,陈印军.我国玉米种植的优势分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2018,20(3):1-9.
[7]于伟,张学锋,孟祥萍.2017年度吉林省玉米种植成本收益调查分析[J].吉林农业,2018(3):24-25.
[8]李少昆,王崇桃.玉米高产潜力途径[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:104-164.
[9]王崇桃,李少昆.玉米生产限制因素评估与技术优先序[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(6):1136-1146.
[10]明博,谢瑞芝,侯鹏,等.2005-2016年中国玉米种植密度变化分析[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):1960-1972.
[11]陈国平,王立春,赵明,等.近年我国玉米超高产田的分布、产量构成及关键技术[J].作物学报,2012,38(1):80-85.
[12]李光彦,王庆燕,许艳丽,等.双重化控对春玉米灌浆期穗位叶和籽粒蔗糖代谢关键酶活性的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(8):1215-1223.
[13]徐云姬,顾道健,秦昊,等.玉米灌浆期果穗不同部位籽粒碳水化合物积累与淀粉合成相关酶活性变化[J].作物学报,2015,41(2):297-307.
[14]刘月娥,谢瑞芝,张厚宝,等.不同生态区玉米适时晚收增产效果[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(13):2820-2828.
[15]李璐璐,王克如,谢瑞芝,等.玉米生理成熟后田间脱水期间的籽粒重量与含水率变化[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2052-2060.
[16]李璐璐,雷晓鹏,谢瑞芝,等.夏玉米机械粒收质量影响因素分析[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2044-2051.
[17]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.
[18]凌启鸿.作物群体质量[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2010:489-512.
[19]孙浒,张吉旺,靳立斌.玉米高产与氮肥高效协同实现存在的问题及其途径[J].玉米科学,2014,22(1):143-148.
[20]SAENGWILA P,NORD E A,CHIMUNGU J G,et al.Root cortical aerenchyma enhances nitrogen acquisition from low-nitrogen soils in maize[J].Plant Physiology,2014,166(2):726-735.
[21]任昊,程乙,刘鹏,等.不同栽培模式对夏玉米根系性能及产量和氮素利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(12):2270-2281.
[2]李少昆,赵久然,董树亭,等.中国玉米栽培研究进展与展望[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):1941-1959.
[3]武玉环,郭静利.农业政策和科技创新对玉米价格的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2016,18(6):187-194.
[4]杨巍.我国玉米种植户的技术需求及技术获得途径分析[J].农业经济,2017(6):51-52.
[5]徐金海.农民农业科技服务需求意愿与评价分析---基于江苏部分地区的调查[J].科技进步与对策,2010,27(9):115-118.
[6]王琦琪,陈印军.我国玉米种植的优势分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2018,20(3):1-9.
[7]于伟,张学锋,孟祥萍.2017年度吉林省玉米种植成本收益调查分析[J].吉林农业,2018(3):24-25.
[8]李少昆,王崇桃.玉米高产潜力途径[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:104-164.
[9]王崇桃,李少昆.玉米生产限制因素评估与技术优先序[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(6):1136-1146.
[10]明博,谢瑞芝,侯鹏,等.2005-2016年中国玉米种植密度变化分析[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):1960-1972.
[11]陈国平,王立春,赵明,等.近年我国玉米超高产田的分布、产量构成及关键技术[J].作物学报,2012,38(1):80-85.
[12]李光彦,王庆燕,许艳丽,等.双重化控对春玉米灌浆期穗位叶和籽粒蔗糖代谢关键酶活性的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(8):1215-1223.
[13]徐云姬,顾道健,秦昊,等.玉米灌浆期果穗不同部位籽粒碳水化合物积累与淀粉合成相关酶活性变化[J].作物学报,2015,41(2):297-307.
[14]刘月娥,谢瑞芝,张厚宝,等.不同生态区玉米适时晚收增产效果[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(13):2820-2828.
[15]李璐璐,王克如,谢瑞芝,等.玉米生理成熟后田间脱水期间的籽粒重量与含水率变化[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2052-2060.
[16]李璐璐,雷晓鹏,谢瑞芝,等.夏玉米机械粒收质量影响因素分析[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2044-2051.
[17]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.
[18]凌启鸿.作物群体质量[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2010:489-512.
[19]孙浒,张吉旺,靳立斌.玉米高产与氮肥高效协同实现存在的问题及其途径[J].玉米科学,2014,22(1):143-148.
[20]SAENGWILA P,NORD E A,CHIMUNGU J G,et al.Root cortical aerenchyma enhances nitrogen acquisition from low-nitrogen soils in maize[J].Plant Physiology,2014,166(2):726-735.
[21]任昊,程乙,刘鹏,等.不同栽培模式对夏玉米根系性能及产量和氮素利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(12):2270-2281.
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