太阳直射下反光片提高导光管效率的模拟与实验分析
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摘要
导光管作为一种利用天然光的照明方式,被越来越多的用于地下空间采光,如果这一技术能够用于矿区地下空间,必将极大改善矿井的光环境。然而目前导光管传光效率较低,在早晨、傍晚及整个冬季,由于太阳高度角较低导致入射光线较少,采光效果不理想。在采光罩内增加反光片可以将更多的天然光引入室内,通过增加入射光通量的方式改善采光效果。以北京地区为例,综合考虑太阳高度角及方位角变化,用TracePro软件模拟分析晴天直射光下不同结构的采光罩及反光片对导光管采光效率的影响。模拟结果表明球型采光罩内增加反光片后,在春分日和冬至日采光效率可分别提高13. 52%和79. 56%,但在夏至日会降低4. 11%;在圆柱型采光罩中,反光片的应用可使各个典型日期的采光效率均得到提高。以北京市通州区的两间办公室为研究对象进行了实验及模拟分析,测量时的天气条件包括晴天、多云天及阴天。在晴天,增加反光片后可以使平均入射光通量提高8. 67%,并且模拟结果与实测结果误差均在±20%之间,验证了模拟结果的可靠性。在阴天,增加反光片后引入室内的光通量均减少,表明反光片不利于对漫射光的收集。
Light pipes are more and more used for underground lighting as a way of daylighting.The luminous environment of mine will be greatly improved if this technology can be applied in the mine underground spaces.However,the tube transmission efficiency is low in the morning,evening and the whole winter because of the low solar altitude.More sunlight was introduced into the room by adding reflectors inside the dome of light pipes.Considering the change of solar altitude angle and azimuth angle,TracePro software was used to simulate the influence of different domes and reflectors on the daylighting efficiency of light pipes under direct sunlight in sunny days.The simulation results show that after adding reflector into spherical dome,the daylighting efficiency can be improved by 13.52% on the vernal equinox and 79.56% on the winter solstice,while drop by 4.11% on the summer solstice.Experimental measurements were carried out in two offices in Tongzhou,Beijing,China including clear and cloudy days.On sunny days,the average incident luminous flux could be increased by 8.67% by adding reflectors,and the error between the simulation results and the measured results was less than 20%,which verified the reliability of the model.On cloudy days,the incident luminous flux introduced was reduced after adding reflectors,indicating that reflectors are not conducive to the collection of diffuse light.Besides weather and solar movement rules,the length of the light pipes also has a great impact on the daylighting efficiency of light pipes. How to ensure the daylighting efficiency under the condition of long-distance needs further research.
Light pipes are more and more used for underground lighting as a way of daylighting.The luminous environment of mine will be greatly improved if this technology can be applied in the mine underground spaces.However,the tube transmission efficiency is low in the morning,evening and the whole winter because of the low solar altitude.More sunlight was introduced into the room by adding reflectors inside the dome of light pipes.Considering the change of solar altitude angle and azimuth angle,TracePro software was used to simulate the influence of different domes and reflectors on the daylighting efficiency of light pipes under direct sunlight in sunny days.The simulation results show that after adding reflector into spherical dome,the daylighting efficiency can be improved by 13.52% on the vernal equinox and 79.56% on the winter solstice,while drop by 4.11% on the summer solstice.Experimental measurements were carried out in two offices in Tongzhou,Beijing,China including clear and cloudy days.On sunny days,the average incident luminous flux could be increased by 8.67% by adding reflectors,and the error between the simulation results and the measured results was less than 20%,which verified the reliability of the model.On cloudy days,the incident luminous flux introduced was reduced after adding reflectors,indicating that reflectors are not conducive to the collection of diffuse light.Besides weather and solar movement rules,the length of the light pipes also has a great impact on the daylighting efficiency of light pipes. How to ensure the daylighting efficiency under the condition of long-distance needs further research.
引文
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[13]高民东,徐广强,曹冠英,等.辽宁大连地区标准阴天条件下光导管效率与照度分布的模拟分析[J].太阳能学报,2017,38(8):2303-2308.GAO Mingdong,XU Guangqiang,CAO Guanying,et al. Simulation analysis of efficiency and illumination distribution of light guide under CIE overcast sky condition in Dalian area,Liaoning[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2017,38(8):2303-2308.
[2]张少波.煤矿能耗现状分析及节能技术发展方向[J].煤炭科学技术,2009,37(5):83-85.ZHANG Shaobo.Energy consumption status analysis and energy saving technology development tendency in coal mine[J]. Coal Science&Technology,2009,37(5):83-85.
[3] HRASKA J.Chronobiological aspects of green buildings daylighting[J].Renewable Energy,2015,73:109-114.
[4]谢和平,王金华,王国法,等.煤炭革命新理念与煤炭科技发展构想[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(5):1187-1197.XIE Heping,WANG Jinhua,WANG Guofa,et al. New ideas of coal revolution and layout of coal science and technology development[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(5):1187-1197.
[5]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨,等.深地科学领域的若干颠覆性技术构想和研究方向[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2017,49(1):1-8.XIE Heping,GAO Feng,JU Yang,et al. Novel idea and disruptive technologies for the exploration and research of deep earth[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2017,49(1):1-8.
[6]谢和平,高明忠,刘见中,等.煤矿地下空间容量估算及开发利用研究[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(6):1487-1503.XIE Heping,Gao Mingzhong,Liu Jianzhong,et al. Research on exploitation and volume estimation of underground space in coal mines[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(6):1487-1503.
[7] OAKLEY G,RIFFAT S B,SHAO L.Daylight performance of lightpipes[J].Solar Energy,2000,69(2):89-98.
[8] PARONCINI M,CALCAGNI B,CORVARO F.Monitoring of a lightpipe system[J].Solar Energy,2007,81(9):1180-1186.
[9] VASILAKOPOULOU K,KOLOKOTSA D,SANTAMOURIS M,et al.Analysis of the experimental performance of light pipes[J].Energy&Buildings,2017,151:242-249.
[10]吴延鹏,马重芳.冬季晴天侧采光光导管实验研究[J].工程热物理学报,2004,25(S1):181-183.WU Yanpeng,MA Chongfang. Experimental research on side lighting light pipe under sunny conditions in winter[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2004,25(S1):181-183.
[11]王伟,李双菊,马重芳.光导管冬季采光性能的实验研究[J].太阳能学报,2008,29(12):1489-1493.WANG Wei,LI Shuangju,MA Chongfang. Experimental study on lighting performance of light pipe in winter[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2008,29(12):1489-1493.
[12]李双菊,王伟,马重芳.光导管采光性能实验研究与分析[J].太阳能学报,2009,30(5):586-590.LI Shuangju,WANG Wei,MA Chongfang. Experimental study and analysis on lighting performance of light pipe[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2009,30(5):586-590.
[13]高民东,徐广强,曹冠英,等.辽宁大连地区标准阴天条件下光导管效率与照度分布的模拟分析[J].太阳能学报,2017,38(8):2303-2308.GAO Mingdong,XU Guangqiang,CAO Guanying,et al. Simulation analysis of efficiency and illumination distribution of light guide under CIE overcast sky condition in Dalian area,Liaoning[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2017,38(8):2303-2308.