考虑群效应的土–建筑群动力相互作用参数分析
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摘要
随着城镇化的快速发展,大量密集的建筑群体在各大城市和小城镇中不断涌现。土与建筑群的动力相互作用不同于单个结构与土的动力相互作用,研究土与建筑群动力相互作用对上部结构响应的影响规律,使研究结果能够用于考虑群效应的上部结构抗震设计。提出土与建筑群动力相互作用的群效应概念,并在已完成的土与建筑群动力相互作用振动台试验基础上,采用有限元方法研究群效应对结构动力响应的影响规律。此有限元模型采用了Davidenkov地基模型模拟土体的动力非线性特性。采用试验数据验证此有限元模型,开展了土与建筑群动力相互作用的群效应分析,研究土体特性、建筑物净距和建筑物数量对群相互作用的影响。最后,针对位移的响应规律,进行了土与建筑群动力相互作用的群效应机理分析。全面总结了土与建筑群动力相互作用的群效应规律和参数影响,结果如下:在地震作用下,建筑群中结构位置不同反应不同,表现出动力相互作用的群效应。与单个结构相比,群相互作用使得结构的加速度减少,速度则有时增大、有时减小,与输入的地震波特性和结构位置相关。而中间建筑位移反应减少,沿振动方向结构的位移增大,建筑群中远离中间建筑的周边建筑位移反应最大。位移的群效应影响系数的绝对最大值达到770.794%。建筑群数量是影响群效应的最显著的因素。土–建筑群动力相互作用随着结构间距的增大,影响不断减弱,当建筑物净距大于建筑物基础平面尺寸的1.32倍时,群效应相对较弱。由以上结果可知,土与建筑群动力相互作用对上部结构动力响应影响较大,在上部结构抗震设计时,不能忽略土与建筑群动力相互作用的群效应。
Myrids of intensive structure clusters have been built in big cities and small towns due to the rapid development of urbanization. The dynamic interaction between soil and structure cluster is different from the dynamic interaction between a single structure and soil. The influence law of the dynamic interaction between soil and structure cluster on the response of superstructure was studied in this paper, and the results can be utilized in the seismic design of superstructure considering cluster effect. In addition, the cluster effect was first presented in this paper. According to an accomplished shaking table test of soil and buildings, a finite element model involving the shaking table test was established to study the influence laws of the cluster effect on the responses of structures. Davidenkov foundation model was used to simulate the nonlinearity of soil in the finite element model. Based on verifying the accurate of the finite element model, cluster effect was studied to extend the research of SSCI, including soil properties, structure spacing and structure number. Last, the mechanism of SSCI was studied based on the laws of the displacement.The laws and the parametric influences on the soil and structure cluster interaction were fully summarized. The results are listed as follows: Under earthquake excitation, the structures in different locations had different responses, which involves the cluster effect of SSCI. Cluster interaction reduced the acceleration responses of structures, while velocity might be larger or less than that of the single building, relating with the earthquake input and the structure location. The displacement of the central building reduced, but these of the surrounding structures along the vibration increased, and the farthest buildings from the center had the largest displacements. The maximum absolute value of the influence factor of the cluster effect for on the displacement reached 770.794%. The building number was the most significant factor that affected the cluster effect in the SSCI system. The cluster interaction constantly reduced when the structure spacing increased and disappeared. When the clear spacing was larger than as 1.32 times as the size of the building foundation size, and the cluster effect becomes weak. It can be seen from the above results that the dynamic interaction between soil and structure cluster has a significant influence on the dynamic response of superstructure. In the seismic design of superstructure, the cluster effect of the dynamic interaction between soil and structure cluster cannot be ignored.
Myrids of intensive structure clusters have been built in big cities and small towns due to the rapid development of urbanization. The dynamic interaction between soil and structure cluster is different from the dynamic interaction between a single structure and soil. The influence law of the dynamic interaction between soil and structure cluster on the response of superstructure was studied in this paper, and the results can be utilized in the seismic design of superstructure considering cluster effect. In addition, the cluster effect was first presented in this paper. According to an accomplished shaking table test of soil and buildings, a finite element model involving the shaking table test was established to study the influence laws of the cluster effect on the responses of structures. Davidenkov foundation model was used to simulate the nonlinearity of soil in the finite element model. Based on verifying the accurate of the finite element model, cluster effect was studied to extend the research of SSCI, including soil properties, structure spacing and structure number. Last, the mechanism of SSCI was studied based on the laws of the displacement.The laws and the parametric influences on the soil and structure cluster interaction were fully summarized. The results are listed as follows: Under earthquake excitation, the structures in different locations had different responses, which involves the cluster effect of SSCI. Cluster interaction reduced the acceleration responses of structures, while velocity might be larger or less than that of the single building, relating with the earthquake input and the structure location. The displacement of the central building reduced, but these of the surrounding structures along the vibration increased, and the farthest buildings from the center had the largest displacements. The maximum absolute value of the influence factor of the cluster effect for on the displacement reached 770.794%. The building number was the most significant factor that affected the cluster effect in the SSCI system. The cluster interaction constantly reduced when the structure spacing increased and disappeared. When the clear spacing was larger than as 1.32 times as the size of the building foundation size, and the cluster effect becomes weak. It can be seen from the above results that the dynamic interaction between soil and structure cluster has a significant influence on the dynamic response of superstructure. In the seismic design of superstructure, the cluster effect of the dynamic interaction between soil and structure cluster cannot be ignored.
引文
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[4]Celebi M.Seismic responses of two adjacent buildings.Ⅱ:Interaction[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1993,119(8):2477-2492.
[5]Chen Mingming.Finite element numerical simulation analysis of soil-adjacent structures interaction[D].Kunming:Kunming Univerisity of Science&Technology,2013.[陈明明.土-相邻结构相互作用有限元数值模拟分析[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2013.]
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[8]Warburton G B,Richardson J D,Webster J J.Forced vibrations of two masses on an elastic half space[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics-Transactions,ASME,1971,38(1):48-56.
[9]Kobori T,Minai R,Kusakabe K.Dynamical characteristics of soil-structure cross-interaction systems[J].Bulletion of the Disaster Prevention,1973,22(204):111-151.
[10]Murakami H,Luco J E.Seismic response of a periodic array of structures[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,1977,103(5):965-977.
[11]Huang C F D.Dynamic soil-foundation and foundationsoil-foundation interaction in 3-D[D].Columbia:University of South Carolina,1993.
[12]Betti R.Effect of the dynamic cross-interaction in the seismic analysis of multiple embedded foundations[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1997,26(10):1005-1019.
[13]Qian J,Tham L G,Cheung Y K.Dynamic cross-interaction between flexible surface footings by combined BEM and FEM[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1996,25(5):509-526.
[14]Wang S,Schmid G.Dynamic structure-soil-structure interaction by FEM and BEM[J].Computational Mechanics,1992,9(5):347-357.
[15]Yahyai M,Mirtaheri M,Mahoutian M,et al.Soil structure interaction between two adjacent buildings under earthquake load[J].American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,2008,1(2):121-125.
[16]Fariborz N A,Ali R T.Nonlinear dynamic response of tall buildings considering structure-soil-structure effects[J].The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings,2013,22(14):1075-1082.
[17]Trombetta N W,Mason H B,Chen Z,et al.Nonlinear dynamic foundation and frame structure response observed in geotechnical centrifuge experiments[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2013,50:117-133.
[18]Boutin C,Soubestre J,Schwan L,et al.Multi-scale modeling for dynamics of structure-soil-structure interactions[J].Acta Geophysica,2014,62(5):1005-1024.
[19]Ghandil M,Behnamfar F,Vafaeian M.Dynamic responses of structure-soil-structure systems with an extension of the equivalent linear soil modeling[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2015,80:149-162.
[20]Li P Z,Liu S T,Lu Z,et al.Numerical analysis of a shaking table test on dynamic structure-soil-structure interaction under earthquake excitations[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2017,26(12):1-10.
[21]Dou Lijun,Yang Baipo.Dynamic interaction of tall building with neighboring multi-storied building[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2000,20(3):15-21.[窦立军,杨柏坡.高层建筑与相邻多层建筑间的动力相互作用[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(3):15-21.]
[22]Zhang Jingli,Chen Guoxing.Numerical simulation of the earthquake response of adjacent double high-rise building with pile-box foundation on deep soft sites[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2003,19(4):99-105.[张菁莉,陈国兴.深厚软弱地基上相邻桩箱基础高层建筑地震反应的数值模拟[J].世界地震工程,2003,19(4):99-105.]
[23]Tang Yiqun,Yan Xuexin,Wang Jianxiu,et al.Model test study of influence of high-rise building on ground subsidence[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2007,35(3):320-325.[唐益群,严学新,王建秀,等.高层建筑群对地面沉降影响的模型试验研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(3):320-325.]
[24]Liu Tielin,Luan Yu,Zhong Wei.Numerical simulation of dynamic interactions between soil and buildings[J].Engineering Mechanics,2012,29(Supp1):53-56.[刘铁林,栾宇,钟伟.土-建筑群动力相互作用的数值模拟[J].工程力学,2012,29(增刊1):53-56.]
[25]Li Peizhen,Yan Kefei,Xu Peng.Study on dynamic interaction between soil and group of high-rise buildings under seismic excitation[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2014,47(Supp1):1-5.[李培振,严克非,徐鹏.地震下考虑群体效应的高层建筑土-结构相互作用研究[J].土木工程学报,2014,47(增刊1):1-5.]
[26]Aldaikh H,Alexander N A,Ibraim E,et al.Two dimensional numerical and experimental models for the study of structure-soil-structure interaction involving three buildings[J].Computers and Structures,2015,150:79-91.
[27]álamo G M,Padrón L A,Aznárez J J,et al.Structure-soilstructure interaction effects on the dynamic response of piled structures under obliquely incident seismic shear waves[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2015,78:142-153.
[28]Zhao Li,Xiong Feng,Ge Qi,et al.Test study on effects of soil-high-rise buildings interaction on site soil[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2014,34(6):90-96.[赵丽,熊峰,葛琪,等.土-高层建筑群相互作用对场地土影响的试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2014,34(6):90-96.]
[29]Xiong Feng,Zhao Li,Xie Lunwu,et al.Shaking table test of high-rise building group-soil interaction[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2015,47(3):37-43.[熊峰,赵丽,谢伦武,等.考虑土-高层建筑群动力相互作用的振动台试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2015,47(3):37-43.]
[30]Ge Qi,Xiong Feng,Chen Jiang,et al.Tests of effect of soilhigh-rise buildings built on soft soil foundation on high-rise building[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(12):102-109.[葛琪,熊峰,陈江,等.软土地基上土-高层建筑群体系对高层建筑影响的试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(12):102-109.]
[31]Ge Q,Xiong F,Zhang J,et al.Shaking table test of dynamic interaction of soil-high-rise buildings[J].European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering,2017,21(3):249-271.
[32]Martin P P,Seed H B.One dimensional dynamic ground response analysis[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.ASCE,1982,108(7):935-954.
[33]Chen Guoxing,Liu Xuezhu.Experimental study on dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of recently deposited soils in Nanjing and its neighboring areas[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2004,23(8):1403-1410.[陈国兴,刘雪珠.南京及邻近地区新近沉积土的动剪切模量和阻尼比的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1403-1410.]
[2]Li P Z,Hou X Y,Liu Y M,et al.Shaking table model tests on dynamic structure-soil-structure interaction during various excitations[C].15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Lisbon,Portugal,2012.
[3]Celebi M.Seismic responses of two adjacent buildings.Ⅰ:Data and analyses[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1993,119(8):2461-2476.
[4]Celebi M.Seismic responses of two adjacent buildings.Ⅱ:Interaction[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1993,119(8):2477-2492.
[5]Chen Mingming.Finite element numerical simulation analysis of soil-adjacent structures interaction[D].Kunming:Kunming Univerisity of Science&Technology,2013.[陈明明.土-相邻结构相互作用有限元数值模拟分析[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2013.]
[6]Chen Yueqing,LüXilin,Li Peizhen,et al.Shaking talbe testing for layered soil-foundation-structure interaction system[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(3):104-112.[陈跃庆,吕西林,李培振,等.分层土-基础-高层框架结构相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(3):104-112.]
[7]Wirgin A,Bard P Y.Effects of buildings on the duration and amplitude of ground motion in Mexico city[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1996,86(3):914-920.
[8]Warburton G B,Richardson J D,Webster J J.Forced vibrations of two masses on an elastic half space[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics-Transactions,ASME,1971,38(1):48-56.
[9]Kobori T,Minai R,Kusakabe K.Dynamical characteristics of soil-structure cross-interaction systems[J].Bulletion of the Disaster Prevention,1973,22(204):111-151.
[10]Murakami H,Luco J E.Seismic response of a periodic array of structures[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,1977,103(5):965-977.
[11]Huang C F D.Dynamic soil-foundation and foundationsoil-foundation interaction in 3-D[D].Columbia:University of South Carolina,1993.
[12]Betti R.Effect of the dynamic cross-interaction in the seismic analysis of multiple embedded foundations[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1997,26(10):1005-1019.
[13]Qian J,Tham L G,Cheung Y K.Dynamic cross-interaction between flexible surface footings by combined BEM and FEM[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1996,25(5):509-526.
[14]Wang S,Schmid G.Dynamic structure-soil-structure interaction by FEM and BEM[J].Computational Mechanics,1992,9(5):347-357.
[15]Yahyai M,Mirtaheri M,Mahoutian M,et al.Soil structure interaction between two adjacent buildings under earthquake load[J].American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,2008,1(2):121-125.
[16]Fariborz N A,Ali R T.Nonlinear dynamic response of tall buildings considering structure-soil-structure effects[J].The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings,2013,22(14):1075-1082.
[17]Trombetta N W,Mason H B,Chen Z,et al.Nonlinear dynamic foundation and frame structure response observed in geotechnical centrifuge experiments[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2013,50:117-133.
[18]Boutin C,Soubestre J,Schwan L,et al.Multi-scale modeling for dynamics of structure-soil-structure interactions[J].Acta Geophysica,2014,62(5):1005-1024.
[19]Ghandil M,Behnamfar F,Vafaeian M.Dynamic responses of structure-soil-structure systems with an extension of the equivalent linear soil modeling[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2015,80:149-162.
[20]Li P Z,Liu S T,Lu Z,et al.Numerical analysis of a shaking table test on dynamic structure-soil-structure interaction under earthquake excitations[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2017,26(12):1-10.
[21]Dou Lijun,Yang Baipo.Dynamic interaction of tall building with neighboring multi-storied building[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2000,20(3):15-21.[窦立军,杨柏坡.高层建筑与相邻多层建筑间的动力相互作用[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(3):15-21.]
[22]Zhang Jingli,Chen Guoxing.Numerical simulation of the earthquake response of adjacent double high-rise building with pile-box foundation on deep soft sites[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2003,19(4):99-105.[张菁莉,陈国兴.深厚软弱地基上相邻桩箱基础高层建筑地震反应的数值模拟[J].世界地震工程,2003,19(4):99-105.]
[23]Tang Yiqun,Yan Xuexin,Wang Jianxiu,et al.Model test study of influence of high-rise building on ground subsidence[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2007,35(3):320-325.[唐益群,严学新,王建秀,等.高层建筑群对地面沉降影响的模型试验研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(3):320-325.]
[24]Liu Tielin,Luan Yu,Zhong Wei.Numerical simulation of dynamic interactions between soil and buildings[J].Engineering Mechanics,2012,29(Supp1):53-56.[刘铁林,栾宇,钟伟.土-建筑群动力相互作用的数值模拟[J].工程力学,2012,29(增刊1):53-56.]
[25]Li Peizhen,Yan Kefei,Xu Peng.Study on dynamic interaction between soil and group of high-rise buildings under seismic excitation[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2014,47(Supp1):1-5.[李培振,严克非,徐鹏.地震下考虑群体效应的高层建筑土-结构相互作用研究[J].土木工程学报,2014,47(增刊1):1-5.]
[26]Aldaikh H,Alexander N A,Ibraim E,et al.Two dimensional numerical and experimental models for the study of structure-soil-structure interaction involving three buildings[J].Computers and Structures,2015,150:79-91.
[27]álamo G M,Padrón L A,Aznárez J J,et al.Structure-soilstructure interaction effects on the dynamic response of piled structures under obliquely incident seismic shear waves[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2015,78:142-153.
[28]Zhao Li,Xiong Feng,Ge Qi,et al.Test study on effects of soil-high-rise buildings interaction on site soil[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2014,34(6):90-96.[赵丽,熊峰,葛琪,等.土-高层建筑群相互作用对场地土影响的试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2014,34(6):90-96.]
[29]Xiong Feng,Zhao Li,Xie Lunwu,et al.Shaking table test of high-rise building group-soil interaction[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2015,47(3):37-43.[熊峰,赵丽,谢伦武,等.考虑土-高层建筑群动力相互作用的振动台试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2015,47(3):37-43.]
[30]Ge Qi,Xiong Feng,Chen Jiang,et al.Tests of effect of soilhigh-rise buildings built on soft soil foundation on high-rise building[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(12):102-109.[葛琪,熊峰,陈江,等.软土地基上土-高层建筑群体系对高层建筑影响的试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(12):102-109.]
[31]Ge Q,Xiong F,Zhang J,et al.Shaking table test of dynamic interaction of soil-high-rise buildings[J].European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering,2017,21(3):249-271.
[32]Martin P P,Seed H B.One dimensional dynamic ground response analysis[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.ASCE,1982,108(7):935-954.
[33]Chen Guoxing,Liu Xuezhu.Experimental study on dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of recently deposited soils in Nanjing and its neighboring areas[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2004,23(8):1403-1410.[陈国兴,刘雪珠.南京及邻近地区新近沉积土的动剪切模量和阻尼比的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1403-1410.]
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