荔枝全程冷链物流碳足迹测算分析及实证研究
|
摘要
目的针对系统衡量双渠道流通模式下荔枝全程冷链物流的碳排放问题,构建一种计算碳足迹模型,以衡量该过程中的碳排放情况,并对其展开实证研究。方法采用碳排放系数法、投入产出法,测算批发商开设的双渠道流通模式的荔枝采后预冷、流通加工、冷藏运输、贮存、配送、销售以及终端消费者等各环节所产生的碳排放量,并借助Matlab对模型进行优化求解,在设定参数的条件下,以及考虑碳排放的情况下,分别以总成本最小和总碳排放量最小进行运算。结果通过实证可知,总成本均为407.34万元,总碳排放量均为223.14t。通过对断链情况下的荔枝双渠道流通模式碳足迹进行对比分析发现,荔枝在断链的流通模式下的总成本为453.99万元,碳排放量为225.71 t;通过对不同包装下的腐损率进行对比分析发现,在考虑碳排放情况下,腐损率从0上升到30%时,碳排放量上升了4%。结论该模型能有效衡量双渠道流通模式下荔枝全程冷链物流活动的碳足迹,为荔枝运用全程冷链物流的经济效益和环境效益最大化协同的设计和实施提供了支撑。
The work aims to construct a carbon footprint model to measure the carbon emissions in the process, and carry out an empirical study, regarding the problem of systematically measuring the carbon emissions of the whole cold chain logistics of litchi under the dual-channel circulation mode. Carbon emission coefficient method and input-output method were used to calculate the carbon emissions from the postharvest pre-cooling, circulation and processing, refrigerated transportation, storage, distribution, sales and end-users of litchi under the dual-channel circulation mode set up by wholesalers. With the help of Matlab, the model was optimized and solved. Under the condition of setting parameters and taking into account the carbon emissions, the least total cost and the least total carbon emissions were used for the operation. Based on the empirical evidence, the total cost was 4.0734 million yuan, and the total carbon emissions were 223.14 t. From the comparative analysis on the carbon footprint under the dual-channel circulation mode of litchi in the chain-braking circumstance, the total cost of litchi under the chain-breaking circulation mode was 4.5399 million yuan and the carbon emission was 225.71 t. Different decay rates under different packages were compared and analyzed. Con-sidering the carbon emissions, the decay rate increased from 0 to 30%, and the carbon emissions increased by 4%. The model can effectively measure the carbon footprint of the whole cold chain logistics activities of litchi under the dual-channel circulation mode, and provide support for the design and implementation of the maximum coordination of the economic and environmental benefits of the whole cold chain logistics used by litchi.
The work aims to construct a carbon footprint model to measure the carbon emissions in the process, and carry out an empirical study, regarding the problem of systematically measuring the carbon emissions of the whole cold chain logistics of litchi under the dual-channel circulation mode. Carbon emission coefficient method and input-output method were used to calculate the carbon emissions from the postharvest pre-cooling, circulation and processing, refrigerated transportation, storage, distribution, sales and end-users of litchi under the dual-channel circulation mode set up by wholesalers. With the help of Matlab, the model was optimized and solved. Under the condition of setting parameters and taking into account the carbon emissions, the least total cost and the least total carbon emissions were used for the operation. Based on the empirical evidence, the total cost was 4.0734 million yuan, and the total carbon emissions were 223.14 t. From the comparative analysis on the carbon footprint under the dual-channel circulation mode of litchi in the chain-braking circumstance, the total cost of litchi under the chain-breaking circulation mode was 4.5399 million yuan and the carbon emission was 225.71 t. Different decay rates under different packages were compared and analyzed. Con-sidering the carbon emissions, the decay rate increased from 0 to 30%, and the carbon emissions increased by 4%. The model can effectively measure the carbon footprint of the whole cold chain logistics activities of litchi under the dual-channel circulation mode, and provide support for the design and implementation of the maximum coordination of the economic and environmental benefits of the whole cold chain logistics used by litchi.
引文
[1]陈厚彬.荔枝产业综合技术[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2010.CHEN Hou-bin.Comprehensive Technology of Litchi Industry[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science&Technology Press,2010.
[2]赵伟,王莉,张平,等.荔枝果皮褐变机理与防褐保鲜技术研究进展[J].保鲜与加工,2002,2(3):6-9.ZHAO Wei,WANG Li,ZHANG Ping,et al.Advances in Research on the Mechanism of Peel Browning and Technology of Protection from Browning for Litchi[J].Storage and Process,2002,2(3):6-9.
[3]黄循精.世界荔枝生产与贸易综述[J].世界热带农业信息,2007(5):1-4.HUANG Xun-jing.Summary of Litchi Production and Trade in the World[J].World Tropical Agriculture Information,2007(5):1-4.
[4]杨松夏,吕恩利,陆华忠,等.不同保鲜运输方式对荔枝果实品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(10):225-232.YANG Song-xia,LYU En-li,LU Hua-zhong,et al.Effects of Different Fresh-keeping Transportation Modes on Quality of Litchi Fruit[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(10):225-232.
[5]杨松夏,吕恩利,陆华忠,等.荔枝物流中保鲜技术的应用现状与分析[J].广东农业科学,2012,27(16):196-199.YANG Song-xia,LYU En-li,LU Hua-zhong,et al.Present Situation Analysis on Litchi Cold Chain Logistics[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2012,27(16):196-199.
[6]DONG H Q,CHENG L Y,TAN J H,et al.Effects of Chitosan Coating on Quality and Shelf Life of Peeled Litchi Fruit[J].Journal of Food Engineering,2004,64(3):355-358.
[7]JIANG Y M,ZHU X R,LI Y B.Post-harvest Control of Litchi Fruit Rot by Bacillus Subtitles[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2001,34(7):430-436.
[8]REICHEL M,CARLE R,SRUAMSIRI P,et al.Influence of Harvest Maturity on Quality and Shelf-life of Litchi Fruit(Litchi Chinensis Sonn)[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2010,57(3):162-175.
[9]陈洪国,彭永宏.常温泡沫箱加冰运输条件下荔枝的温度、品质、呼吸和乙烯释放变化[J].果树学报,2001,18(3):155-159.CHEN Hong-guo,PENG Yong-hong.Study on the Fruit Temperature,Quality,Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene Evolution of Litchi Subjected to Ambient Ice-added TransportationFoam Box[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2001,18(3):155-159.
[10]STRUTT J,WILSON S,SHORNEY-DARBY H,et al.Assessing the Carbon Footprint of Water Production[J].Journal of the American Water Works Association,2008,100(6):80-89.
[11]刘倩晨.考虑碳排放的冷链物流研究[D].北京:清华大学,2010.LIU Qian-chen.Study on Cold Chain Logistics Considering Carbon Emissions[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2010.
[12]谢如鹤,刘广海,邹毅峰,等.不同物流条件对荔枝品质的影响[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),2013,12(1):81-86.XIE Ru-he,LIU Guang-hai,ZOU Yi-feng,et al.Influence on Litchi Quality in Different Logistics Conditions[J].Journal of Guangzhou University(Natural Science Edition),2013,12(1):81-86.
[13]姚漫,汪传旭,许长延.碳排放约束下双渠道两级供应链网络优化模型[J].工业工程,2013,16(4):7-13.YAO Man,WANG Chuang-xu,XU Chang-yan.ANetwork Optimization Model for Dual-channel Two-Echelon Supply Chain with Carbon EmissionsConstrained[J].Industrial Engineering Journal,2013,16(4):7-13.
[14]曹武军,李新艳.收益共享契约对生鲜农产品双渠道供应链协调研究[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(11):469-472.CAO Wu-jun,LI Xin-yan.Study on the Coordination of Fresh Agricultural Products Dual Channel Supply Chain Based on Revenue Sharing Contract[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(11):469-472.
[15]蔡依平,张文娟,张世翔,等.基于生命周期评估的冷链物流碳足迹计算[J].物流技术,2015,34(1):120-123.CAI Yi-ping,ZHANG Wen-juan,ZHANG Shi-xiang,et al.Calculation of Carbon Footprint of Cold Chain Logistics Based on Life Circle Assessment[J].Logistics Technology,2015,34(1):120-123.
[16]刘玲,陈淮莉.基于双渠道联合库存策略的生鲜品产销[J].工业工程,2015,18(4):92-98.LIU Ling,CHEN Huai-li.A Production and Marketing Study of Fresh Products Based on the Joint Inventory Strategy of Dual Channel[J].Industrial Engineering Journal,2015,18(4):92-98.
[17]汪传旭,李辉.政府补贴下考虑碳排放限量的双渠道闭环供应链决策[J].复旦学报(自然科学版),2018,57(2):131-142.WANG Chuang-xu,LI Hui.Decision of Dual Channel Closed Loop Supply Chain Considering Carbon Emission Limits under Government Subsidy[J].Journal of Fudan University(Natural Science),2018,57(2):131-142.
[18]林河通,陈绍军,席玙芳.荔枝果实采后商品化处理和贮藏技术[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(5):126-134.LIN He-tong,CHEN Shao-jun,XI Yu-fang.Commercial Post-harvest handling and Storage Technology of Litchi Fruit[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2003,19(5):126-134.
[19]吕盛坪,吕恩利,陆华忠,等.不同预冷方式对荔枝贮藏品质的影响[J].现代食品科技,2014,30(3):157-162.LYU Sheng-ping,LYU En-li,LU Hua-zhong,et al.Effects of Different Precooling Methods on the Storage Quality of Litchi[J].Modern Food Scienceand Technology,2014,30(3):157-162.
[20]阮文琉,刘宝林,宋晓燕.荔枝的冷却方式选择[J].食品工业科技,2012,33(11):352-354.RUAN Wen-liu,LIU Bao-lin,SONG Xiao-yan.Comparison of Cooling Method for Litchi Fruit[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2012,33(11):352-354.
[21]蒋侬辉,刘伟,袁沛元,等.荔枝保鲜包装技术研究进展[J].包装工程,2016,37(15):95-101.JIANG Nong-hui,LIU Wei,YUAN Pei-yuan,et al.Research Progress of Lychee Fresh-keeping Packaging Technology of Litchi[J].Packaging Engineering,2016,37(15):95-101.
[22]王文明,臧建鸣,向红.以蜂窝包装为例--我国包装产业绿色低碳材料研究[J].绿色包装,2016(3):32-40.WANG Wen-ming,ZANG Jian-ming,XIANG Hong.ACellular Packaging-China's Packaging Industry Research of Green Carbon Material[J].Green Package,2016(3):32-40.
[23]ILIC A,STAAKE T,FLEISCH E.Using Sensor Information to Reduce the Carbon Footprint of Perishable Goods[J].IEEE Pervasive Computing,2008,8(1):22-29.
[2]赵伟,王莉,张平,等.荔枝果皮褐变机理与防褐保鲜技术研究进展[J].保鲜与加工,2002,2(3):6-9.ZHAO Wei,WANG Li,ZHANG Ping,et al.Advances in Research on the Mechanism of Peel Browning and Technology of Protection from Browning for Litchi[J].Storage and Process,2002,2(3):6-9.
[3]黄循精.世界荔枝生产与贸易综述[J].世界热带农业信息,2007(5):1-4.HUANG Xun-jing.Summary of Litchi Production and Trade in the World[J].World Tropical Agriculture Information,2007(5):1-4.
[4]杨松夏,吕恩利,陆华忠,等.不同保鲜运输方式对荔枝果实品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(10):225-232.YANG Song-xia,LYU En-li,LU Hua-zhong,et al.Effects of Different Fresh-keeping Transportation Modes on Quality of Litchi Fruit[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(10):225-232.
[5]杨松夏,吕恩利,陆华忠,等.荔枝物流中保鲜技术的应用现状与分析[J].广东农业科学,2012,27(16):196-199.YANG Song-xia,LYU En-li,LU Hua-zhong,et al.Present Situation Analysis on Litchi Cold Chain Logistics[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2012,27(16):196-199.
[6]DONG H Q,CHENG L Y,TAN J H,et al.Effects of Chitosan Coating on Quality and Shelf Life of Peeled Litchi Fruit[J].Journal of Food Engineering,2004,64(3):355-358.
[7]JIANG Y M,ZHU X R,LI Y B.Post-harvest Control of Litchi Fruit Rot by Bacillus Subtitles[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2001,34(7):430-436.
[8]REICHEL M,CARLE R,SRUAMSIRI P,et al.Influence of Harvest Maturity on Quality and Shelf-life of Litchi Fruit(Litchi Chinensis Sonn)[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2010,57(3):162-175.
[9]陈洪国,彭永宏.常温泡沫箱加冰运输条件下荔枝的温度、品质、呼吸和乙烯释放变化[J].果树学报,2001,18(3):155-159.CHEN Hong-guo,PENG Yong-hong.Study on the Fruit Temperature,Quality,Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene Evolution of Litchi Subjected to Ambient Ice-added TransportationFoam Box[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2001,18(3):155-159.
[10]STRUTT J,WILSON S,SHORNEY-DARBY H,et al.Assessing the Carbon Footprint of Water Production[J].Journal of the American Water Works Association,2008,100(6):80-89.
[11]刘倩晨.考虑碳排放的冷链物流研究[D].北京:清华大学,2010.LIU Qian-chen.Study on Cold Chain Logistics Considering Carbon Emissions[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2010.
[12]谢如鹤,刘广海,邹毅峰,等.不同物流条件对荔枝品质的影响[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),2013,12(1):81-86.XIE Ru-he,LIU Guang-hai,ZOU Yi-feng,et al.Influence on Litchi Quality in Different Logistics Conditions[J].Journal of Guangzhou University(Natural Science Edition),2013,12(1):81-86.
[13]姚漫,汪传旭,许长延.碳排放约束下双渠道两级供应链网络优化模型[J].工业工程,2013,16(4):7-13.YAO Man,WANG Chuang-xu,XU Chang-yan.ANetwork Optimization Model for Dual-channel Two-Echelon Supply Chain with Carbon EmissionsConstrained[J].Industrial Engineering Journal,2013,16(4):7-13.
[14]曹武军,李新艳.收益共享契约对生鲜农产品双渠道供应链协调研究[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(11):469-472.CAO Wu-jun,LI Xin-yan.Study on the Coordination of Fresh Agricultural Products Dual Channel Supply Chain Based on Revenue Sharing Contract[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(11):469-472.
[15]蔡依平,张文娟,张世翔,等.基于生命周期评估的冷链物流碳足迹计算[J].物流技术,2015,34(1):120-123.CAI Yi-ping,ZHANG Wen-juan,ZHANG Shi-xiang,et al.Calculation of Carbon Footprint of Cold Chain Logistics Based on Life Circle Assessment[J].Logistics Technology,2015,34(1):120-123.
[16]刘玲,陈淮莉.基于双渠道联合库存策略的生鲜品产销[J].工业工程,2015,18(4):92-98.LIU Ling,CHEN Huai-li.A Production and Marketing Study of Fresh Products Based on the Joint Inventory Strategy of Dual Channel[J].Industrial Engineering Journal,2015,18(4):92-98.
[17]汪传旭,李辉.政府补贴下考虑碳排放限量的双渠道闭环供应链决策[J].复旦学报(自然科学版),2018,57(2):131-142.WANG Chuang-xu,LI Hui.Decision of Dual Channel Closed Loop Supply Chain Considering Carbon Emission Limits under Government Subsidy[J].Journal of Fudan University(Natural Science),2018,57(2):131-142.
[18]林河通,陈绍军,席玙芳.荔枝果实采后商品化处理和贮藏技术[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(5):126-134.LIN He-tong,CHEN Shao-jun,XI Yu-fang.Commercial Post-harvest handling and Storage Technology of Litchi Fruit[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2003,19(5):126-134.
[19]吕盛坪,吕恩利,陆华忠,等.不同预冷方式对荔枝贮藏品质的影响[J].现代食品科技,2014,30(3):157-162.LYU Sheng-ping,LYU En-li,LU Hua-zhong,et al.Effects of Different Precooling Methods on the Storage Quality of Litchi[J].Modern Food Scienceand Technology,2014,30(3):157-162.
[20]阮文琉,刘宝林,宋晓燕.荔枝的冷却方式选择[J].食品工业科技,2012,33(11):352-354.RUAN Wen-liu,LIU Bao-lin,SONG Xiao-yan.Comparison of Cooling Method for Litchi Fruit[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2012,33(11):352-354.
[21]蒋侬辉,刘伟,袁沛元,等.荔枝保鲜包装技术研究进展[J].包装工程,2016,37(15):95-101.JIANG Nong-hui,LIU Wei,YUAN Pei-yuan,et al.Research Progress of Lychee Fresh-keeping Packaging Technology of Litchi[J].Packaging Engineering,2016,37(15):95-101.
[22]王文明,臧建鸣,向红.以蜂窝包装为例--我国包装产业绿色低碳材料研究[J].绿色包装,2016(3):32-40.WANG Wen-ming,ZANG Jian-ming,XIANG Hong.ACellular Packaging-China's Packaging Industry Research of Green Carbon Material[J].Green Package,2016(3):32-40.
[23]ILIC A,STAAKE T,FLEISCH E.Using Sensor Information to Reduce the Carbon Footprint of Perishable Goods[J].IEEE Pervasive Computing,2008,8(1):22-29.