不同水氮管理条件下稻田氨挥发损失特征
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摘要
基于田间试验,采用密闭室连续抽取法研究不同水分和氮肥管理条件下稻田氨挥发损失特征,以期为减少水稻生产中氮素损失提供理论依据。结果表明,氨挥发损失主要发生在基肥阶段,氨挥发量占当季损失量的52. 92%～90. 78%;氮肥管理模式显著影响氨挥发损失,采用普通尿素与缓释尿素配施的一次性基施能显著降低8. 27%～14. 22%的氨挥发损失。在常规施肥1〔m(基肥)∶m(分蘖肥)∶m(穗肥)=5∶2∶3,肥料种类均为普通尿素,N1〕条件下,控制灌溉处理氨挥发损失较常规灌溉处理显著降低10. 04%(P<0. 05)。各施肥处理氨挥发量与同期田面水NH_4~+-N浓度呈线性正相关。综合氨挥发排放强度分析,控制灌溉和采用普通尿素与缓释尿素配施的一次性基施组合是资源高效利用和环境友好的稻田水肥管理模式。
To provide a theoretical basis for reducing ammonia volatilization from paddy fields,the effects of different water management and nitrogen schemes on ammonia volatilization from paddy soil were studied. A field experiment was conducted to study the dynamics of ammonia volatilization by the closed airflow chamber method under a paddy ecosystem in the Jianghuai Hilly Region from June to September 2016. The results show that 52. 92%-90. 78% of total ammonia volatilization during the rice growth period occurred within the first 11 days after basal fertilization. A single basal application of slow-release urea combined with common urea reduced ammonia volatilization by 8. 27%-14. 22%. For conventional fertilization,ammonia volatilization under controlled irrigation decreased by 10. 04% relative to that under conventional irrigation. A positive correlation was observed between ammonia volatilization and ammonium-nitrogen concentration in the surface water or 0-10 cm soil. The single basal application of slow-release urea combined with common urea under the water-saving irrigation treatment was identified to be a high-efficiency and environmental friendly model,referred to as the water-nitrogen application coupling management model.
To provide a theoretical basis for reducing ammonia volatilization from paddy fields,the effects of different water management and nitrogen schemes on ammonia volatilization from paddy soil were studied. A field experiment was conducted to study the dynamics of ammonia volatilization by the closed airflow chamber method under a paddy ecosystem in the Jianghuai Hilly Region from June to September 2016. The results show that 52. 92%-90. 78% of total ammonia volatilization during the rice growth period occurred within the first 11 days after basal fertilization. A single basal application of slow-release urea combined with common urea reduced ammonia volatilization by 8. 27%-14. 22%. For conventional fertilization,ammonia volatilization under controlled irrigation decreased by 10. 04% relative to that under conventional irrigation. A positive correlation was observed between ammonia volatilization and ammonium-nitrogen concentration in the surface water or 0-10 cm soil. The single basal application of slow-release urea combined with common urea under the water-saving irrigation treatment was identified to be a high-efficiency and environmental friendly model,referred to as the water-nitrogen application coupling management model.
引文
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[22]敖玉琴,张维,田玉华,等.脲胺氮肥对太湖地区稻田氨挥发及氮肥利用率的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(2):248-253.[AOYu?qin,ZHANG Wei,TIAN Yu?hua,et al.Effects of Urea?Ammonium Mixed Nitrogen Fertilizer on Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Paddy Field of Taihu Lake Region[J].Soils,2016,48(2):248-253.]
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[24]吴萍萍.不同施肥制度下红壤稻田氨挥发与氧化亚氮排放的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.[WU Ping?ping.Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrous Oxide Emission From Double Rice System in Red Paddy Soil Under Different Fertilizing Systems[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2008.]
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[27]俞爱英,林贤青,曾孝元,等.不同灌溉方式对水稻分蘖成穗规律及产量影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2007,26(1):66-68,85.[YU Ai?ying,LIN Xian?qing,ZENG Xiao?yuan,et al.Studies of Different Water Management on Tillers,Panicles and Mechanism of High?Yield of Rice[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2007,26(1):66-68,85.]
[28]吕银斐,任艳芳,刘冬,等.不同水分管理方式对水稻生长、产量及品质的影响[J].天津农业科学,2016,22(1):106-110.[LüYin?fei,REN Yan?fang,LIU Dong,et al.Effect of Different Water Managements on Growth,Grain Yield and Quality of Rice[J].Tianjin Agricultural Sciences,2016,22(1):106-110.]
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[2]BARKER R,DAWE D,TUONG T P,et al.The Outlook for Water Resources in the Year 2020:Challenges for Research on Water Management in Rice Production[J].International Rice Commission Newsletter,2000,49:21.
[3]ROBERTS T L.The Role of Fertilizer in Growing the World's Food[J].Better Crops With Plant Food,2009,93(2):12-15.
[4]彭世琪.农田水资源利用效益观测与评价方法探讨[J].节水灌溉,2013(4):38-41.[PENG Shi?qi.Observation and Evaluation Method for Water Use Efficiency on Farm Level[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2013(4):38-41.]
[5]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.[ZHANGFu?suo,WANG Ji?qing,ZHANG Wei?feng,et al.Nutrient Use Efficiencies of Major Cereal Crops in China and Measures for Improvement[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(5):915-924.]
[6]朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):259-273.[ZHU Zhao-liang,JINJi?yun.Fertilizer Use and Food Security in China[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2013,19(2):259-273.]
[7]朱兆良.中国土壤氮素研究[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):778-783.[ZHU Zhao?liang.Research on Soil Nitrogen in China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(5):778-783.]
[8]杨林章,冯彦房,施卫明,等.我国农业面源污染治理技术研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(1):96-101.[YANGLin?zhang,FENG Yan?fang,SHI Wei?ming,et al.Review of the Advances and Development Trends in Agricultural Non?Point Source Pollution Control in China[J].Chinese Journal of Eco?Agriculture,2013,21(1):96-101.]
[9]姚林,郑华斌,刘建霞,等.中国水稻节水灌溉技术的现状及发展趋势[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(5):1381-1387.[YAO Lin,ZHENG Hua?bin,LIU Jian?xia,et al.Current Situation and Prospect of Rice Water?Saving Irrigation Technology in China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(5):1381-1387.]
[10]徐国伟,王贺正,翟志华,等.不同水氮耦合对水稻根系形态生理、产量与氮素利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(10):132-141.[XU Guo?wei,WANG He?zheng,ZHAI Zhi?hua,et al.Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Root Morphology and Physiology,Yield and Nutrition Utilization for Rice[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(10):132-141.]
[11]赵宏伟,陈宾宾,邹德堂,等.灌溉方式和氮肥用量对水稻群体生长特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(1):32-35.[ZHAO Hong?wei,CHEN Bin?bin,ZOU De?tang,et al.Impacts of Irrigation Mode and Nitrogen Amount on Population Growth Characteristics of Rice[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2016,35(1):32-35.]
[12]LIANG X Q,CHEN Y X,NIE Z Y,et al.Mitigation of Nutrient Losses via Surface Runoff From Rice Cropping Systems With Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation and Site?Specific Nutrient Management Practices[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2013,20(10):6980-6991.
[13]BELDER P,BOUMSN B A M,SPIERTZJ H J,et al.Crop Performance,Nitrogen and Water Use in Flooded and Aerobic Rice[J].Plant and Soil,2005,273(1/2):167-182.
[14]彭玉,马均,蒋明金,等.缓/控释肥对杂交水稻根系形态、生理特性和产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1048-1057.[PENG Yu,MA Jun,JIANG Ming?jin,et al.Effects of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers on Root Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Rice[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2013,19(5):1048-1057.]
[15]丁维军,陶林海,吴林,等.新型缓释尿素对削减温室气体、NH3排放和淋溶作用的研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(10):2840-2847.[DING Wei?jun,TAO Lin?hai,WU Lin,et al.Effects of Controlled Release Urea on Greenhouse Gases,NH3Emissions and Eluviation[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(10):2840-2847.]
[16]ROCHETTE P,ANGERS D A,CHANTIGNY M H,et al.Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrogen Retention:How Deep to Incorporate Urea?[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2013,42(6):1635-1642.
[17]张惠,杨正礼,罗良国,等.黄河上游灌区稻田氨挥发损失研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(5):1131-1139.[ZHANGHui,YANG Zheng?li,LUO Liang?guo,et al.Study on the Ammonia Volatilization From Paddy Field in Irrigation Area of the Yellow River[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2011,17(5):1131-1139.]
[18]彭世彰,杨士红,徐俊增.节水灌溉稻田氨挥发损失及影响因素[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(8):35-39.[PENG Shi?zhang,YANG Shi?hong,XU Jun?zeng.Ammonia Volatilization and Its Influence Factors of Paddy Field Under Water?Saving Irrigation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(8):35-39.]
[19]朱兆良,文启孝.中国土壤氮素[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1992:171-175.[ZHU Zhao?liang,WEN Qi?xiao.Nitrogen in Soils of China[M].Nanjing:Jiangsu Science Technology Press,1992:171-175.]
[20]周亮,荣湘民,谢桂先,等.不同氮肥施用对双季稻稻田氨挥发及其动力学特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(4):143-147.[ZHOU Liang,RONG Xiang?min,XIE Gui?xian,et al.Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizers on Ammonia Volatilization and Its Dynamic Characteristics of Double Cropping Rice[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(4):143-147.]
[21]俞映倞,薛利红,杨林章.太湖地区稻田不同氮肥管理模式下氨挥发特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(8):1682-1689.[YU Ying?liang,XUE Li?hong,YANG Lin?zhang.Ammonia Volatilization From Paddy Fields Under Different Nitrogen Schemes in Tai Lake Region[J].Journal of Agro?Environment Science,2013,32(8):1682-1689.]
[22]敖玉琴,张维,田玉华,等.脲胺氮肥对太湖地区稻田氨挥发及氮肥利用率的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(2):248-253.[AOYu?qin,ZHANG Wei,TIAN Yu?hua,et al.Effects of Urea?Ammonium Mixed Nitrogen Fertilizer on Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Paddy Field of Taihu Lake Region[J].Soils,2016,48(2):248-253.]
[23]李艳,唐良梁,陈义,等.嘉兴地区稻田氨挥发及其影响因素的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(5):7-12.[LI Yan,TANG Liang?liang,CHEN Yi,et al.Ammonia Volatilization of Rice Cropping Field and Influence Factors in Jiaxing Region[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2015(5):7-12.]
[24]吴萍萍.不同施肥制度下红壤稻田氨挥发与氧化亚氮排放的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.[WU Ping?ping.Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrous Oxide Emission From Double Rice System in Red Paddy Soil Under Different Fertilizing Systems[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2008.]
[25]徐久凯,李絮花,李伟,等.缓释尿素与普通尿素配施对氨挥发和土壤氮素动态变化过程的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(6):23-27.[XU Jiu?kai,LI Xu?hua,LI Wei,et al.Effects of Mixture of Slow?Release Urea and Conventional Urea on Ammonia Volatilization and Soil Nitrogen Dynamic Change[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2015(6):23-27.]
[26]王霞,崔键,周静.典型红壤区稻田树脂包膜控释氮肥氨挥发研究[J].土壤,2011,43(1):56-59.[WANG Xia,CUI Jian,ZHOU Jing.Ammonia Volatilization of Controlled?Release Urea Enveloped With Colophony From Paddy Field in Typical Red Soil[J].Soils,2011,43(1):56-59.]
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