城市固体垃圾焚烧底灰中的残留有机物的研究
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摘要
在过去几十年中,城市固体垃圾焚烧底灰中残留的重金属一直是人们讨论和研究的重点,但其在大规模燃烧过程中没有完全氧化的有毒、恶臭的有机组分的研究较少。本文通过总结底灰中残留有机物的组成、处理、检测和利用,阐述了利用水洗等方法对底灰进行处理,并通过超临界流体(SFE)和索氏萃取(SE)等方法对处理前后的有机物组成进行检测。另外,进一步讲述了含有有机物的底灰的应用前景。
In the past few decades, heavy metals remaining in municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash have been the focus of discussion and research, but there are few studies on toxic and odorous organic components that are not fully oxidized during large-scale combustion. This paper summarizes the composition, treatment, detection and utilization of residual organic matter in bottom ash, expounds supercritical fluid extraction(SFE) and Soxtec extraction(SE) are used to identify the complex mixture of organic residues in MSWIBA treated by water washing and so on. In addition, the application prospects of bottom ash containing organic matter are further described.
In the past few decades, heavy metals remaining in municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash have been the focus of discussion and research, but there are few studies on toxic and odorous organic components that are not fully oxidized during large-scale combustion. This paper summarizes the composition, treatment, detection and utilization of residual organic matter in bottom ash, expounds supercritical fluid extraction(SFE) and Soxtec extraction(SE) are used to identify the complex mixture of organic residues in MSWIBA treated by water washing and so on. In addition, the application prospects of bottom ash containing organic matter are further described.
引文
[1]Johansson,B.van Bavel Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in weathered bottom ash from incineration of municipal solid waste[J].Chemosphere,53(2003):123-128.
[2]C T Li,H K Zhuang,L T Hsieh,et al.Tsao PAH emission from the incineration of three plastic wastes[J].Environ.Int.,27(2001):61-67.
[3]W L Chen,H H Sung.The toxic effect of phthalate esters on immune responses of giant freshwater prawn(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)via oral treatment[J].Aquat.Toxicol.,74(2005):160-171.
[4]F R Johannsen,P L Wright,D E Gordon,et al.Evaluation of delayed neurotoxicity and dose-response relationships of phosphate esters in the adult hen[J].Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol.,41(1977):291-304.
[5]R Schoeny,T Cody,D Warshawsky,et al.Metabolism of mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by photosynthetic algal species[J].Mutat.Res.Fundam.Mol.Mech.Mutagen,197(1988):289-302.
[6]US EPA,Toxicological Review of Quinoline,US.Environmental Protection Agency,Washington,DC,EPA/635/R-01/005,2001.
[7]K Yasuda,M Kaneko,H Yoshino,et al.Basic research on the emission of polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons caused by waste incineration[J].Japca-the Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association,39(1989):1557-1561.
[8]I Johansson,B van Bavel.Levels and patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in incineration ashes[J].Science of the Total Environment,311(2003):221-231.
[9]P Andersson,S Marklund.Emissions of organic compounds from biofuel combustion and influence of different control parameters using a laboratory scale incinerator[J].Chemosphere,36(1998):1429-1443.
[10]M Blumenstock,R Zimmermann,K W Schramm.Kettrup Influence of combustion conditions on the PCDD/F-,PCB-,PCBz-and PAH-concentrations in the post-combustion chamber of a waste incineration pilot plant[J].Chemosphere,40(2000):987-993.
[11]I W Davies,R M Harrison,R Perry,et al.Municipal incinerator as source of polynuclear aromatic-hydrocarbons in environment[J].Environmental Science and Technology,10(1976):451-453.
[12]M Oehme,S Mano,A Mikalsen.Formation and presence of polyhalogenated and polycyclic compounds in the emissions of small and large-scale municipal waste incinerators[J].Chemosphere,16(1987):143-153
[13]C Luthe,V Uloth,I Karidio.Characterizing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from hog fuel boilers[J].Pulp and Paper-Canada,99(1998):118-124.
[14]O Hjelmar.Disposal strategies for municipal solid waste incineration residues[J].J.Hazard.Mater.,47(1-3)(1996):345-368.
[15]M Izquierdo,áLópez-Soler,R E Vazquez,et al.Characterisation of bottom ash from municipal soil waste incineration in Catalonia[J].J.Chem.Technol.Biotechnol.,77(2002):576-583.
[16]A J Chandler,T T Eighmy,J Hartlén,et al.Municipal solid waste incinerator residues[J].Stud.Environ.Sci.,67(1997):974-979.
[17]R Forteza,M Far,C Segui,et al.Characterization of bottom ash in municipal solid waste incinerators for its use in road base[J].Waste Manage.,24(9)(2004):899-909.
[18]V Bruder-Hubscher,F Lagarde,M J F Leroy,et al.Utilisation of bottom ash in road construction:A lysimeter study[J].Waste Manage.Res.,6(2001):557-566
[19]S Ferrari,H Belevi,P Baccini.Chemical speciation of carbon in municipal solid waste incinerator residues[J].Waste Manage.,22(2002):303-314.
[20]E Rendek,G Ducom,P Germain.Influence of waste input and combustion technology on MSWI bottom ash quality[J].Waste Manage.,27(2007):1403-1407.
[21]A Enell,F Fuhrman,L Lundin,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ash:determination of total and leachable concentrations[J].Environ.Pollut.,152(2008):285-292.
[22]Y Liu,Y Li,X Li,et al.Leaching behavior of heavy metals and PAHs from MSWI bottom ash in a long-term static immersing experiment[J].Waste Manage.,28(2008):1126-1136.
[23]S Zhang,J D Herbell,B Gaye-Haake.Biodegradable organic matter in municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash[J].Waste Manage.,24(2004):673-679.
[24]S Olsson,J P Gustafsson,D Berggren Kleja,et al.Metal leaching from MSWI bottom ash as affected by salt or dissolved organic matter[J].Waste Manage.,29(2009):506-512.
[25]Y S Lin,K S Chen,Y C Lin,et al.Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans distributions in ash from different units in a municipal solid waste incinerator[J].J.Hazard.Mater.,154(2008):954-962.
[26]C Y Chang,C F Wang,D T Mui,et al.Characteristics of elements in waste ashes from a solid waste incinerator in Taiwan[J].J Hazard Mater,165(2009):766-773.
[27]Y C Lin,J H Yen,S K Lateef,et al.Characteristics of residual organics in municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash[J].J Hazard Mater,182(2010):337-345.
[28]Lin Y C,Panchangam S C,Wu C H,et al.Effects of water washing on removing organic residues in bottom ashes of municipal solid waste incinerators[J].Chemosphere,2011,82(4):502-506.
[29]S Dugenest,J Combrisson,H Casabianca,et al.Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash:characterization and kinetic studies of organic matter[J].Environ.Sci.Technol.,33(1999):1110-1115.
[30]H Belevi,H Moench.Factors determining the element behavior in municipal solid waste incinerators.1[J].Field studies Environ.Sci.Technol.,34(2000):2501-2506.
[31]Enell A,Fuhrman F,Lundin L,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ash:determination of total and leachable concentrations[J].Environmental Pollution,2008,152(2):285-292.
[2]C T Li,H K Zhuang,L T Hsieh,et al.Tsao PAH emission from the incineration of three plastic wastes[J].Environ.Int.,27(2001):61-67.
[3]W L Chen,H H Sung.The toxic effect of phthalate esters on immune responses of giant freshwater prawn(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)via oral treatment[J].Aquat.Toxicol.,74(2005):160-171.
[4]F R Johannsen,P L Wright,D E Gordon,et al.Evaluation of delayed neurotoxicity and dose-response relationships of phosphate esters in the adult hen[J].Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol.,41(1977):291-304.
[5]R Schoeny,T Cody,D Warshawsky,et al.Metabolism of mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by photosynthetic algal species[J].Mutat.Res.Fundam.Mol.Mech.Mutagen,197(1988):289-302.
[6]US EPA,Toxicological Review of Quinoline,US.Environmental Protection Agency,Washington,DC,EPA/635/R-01/005,2001.
[7]K Yasuda,M Kaneko,H Yoshino,et al.Basic research on the emission of polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons caused by waste incineration[J].Japca-the Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association,39(1989):1557-1561.
[8]I Johansson,B van Bavel.Levels and patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in incineration ashes[J].Science of the Total Environment,311(2003):221-231.
[9]P Andersson,S Marklund.Emissions of organic compounds from biofuel combustion and influence of different control parameters using a laboratory scale incinerator[J].Chemosphere,36(1998):1429-1443.
[10]M Blumenstock,R Zimmermann,K W Schramm.Kettrup Influence of combustion conditions on the PCDD/F-,PCB-,PCBz-and PAH-concentrations in the post-combustion chamber of a waste incineration pilot plant[J].Chemosphere,40(2000):987-993.
[11]I W Davies,R M Harrison,R Perry,et al.Municipal incinerator as source of polynuclear aromatic-hydrocarbons in environment[J].Environmental Science and Technology,10(1976):451-453.
[12]M Oehme,S Mano,A Mikalsen.Formation and presence of polyhalogenated and polycyclic compounds in the emissions of small and large-scale municipal waste incinerators[J].Chemosphere,16(1987):143-153
[13]C Luthe,V Uloth,I Karidio.Characterizing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from hog fuel boilers[J].Pulp and Paper-Canada,99(1998):118-124.
[14]O Hjelmar.Disposal strategies for municipal solid waste incineration residues[J].J.Hazard.Mater.,47(1-3)(1996):345-368.
[15]M Izquierdo,áLópez-Soler,R E Vazquez,et al.Characterisation of bottom ash from municipal soil waste incineration in Catalonia[J].J.Chem.Technol.Biotechnol.,77(2002):576-583.
[16]A J Chandler,T T Eighmy,J Hartlén,et al.Municipal solid waste incinerator residues[J].Stud.Environ.Sci.,67(1997):974-979.
[17]R Forteza,M Far,C Segui,et al.Characterization of bottom ash in municipal solid waste incinerators for its use in road base[J].Waste Manage.,24(9)(2004):899-909.
[18]V Bruder-Hubscher,F Lagarde,M J F Leroy,et al.Utilisation of bottom ash in road construction:A lysimeter study[J].Waste Manage.Res.,6(2001):557-566
[19]S Ferrari,H Belevi,P Baccini.Chemical speciation of carbon in municipal solid waste incinerator residues[J].Waste Manage.,22(2002):303-314.
[20]E Rendek,G Ducom,P Germain.Influence of waste input and combustion technology on MSWI bottom ash quality[J].Waste Manage.,27(2007):1403-1407.
[21]A Enell,F Fuhrman,L Lundin,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ash:determination of total and leachable concentrations[J].Environ.Pollut.,152(2008):285-292.
[22]Y Liu,Y Li,X Li,et al.Leaching behavior of heavy metals and PAHs from MSWI bottom ash in a long-term static immersing experiment[J].Waste Manage.,28(2008):1126-1136.
[23]S Zhang,J D Herbell,B Gaye-Haake.Biodegradable organic matter in municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash[J].Waste Manage.,24(2004):673-679.
[24]S Olsson,J P Gustafsson,D Berggren Kleja,et al.Metal leaching from MSWI bottom ash as affected by salt or dissolved organic matter[J].Waste Manage.,29(2009):506-512.
[25]Y S Lin,K S Chen,Y C Lin,et al.Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans distributions in ash from different units in a municipal solid waste incinerator[J].J.Hazard.Mater.,154(2008):954-962.
[26]C Y Chang,C F Wang,D T Mui,et al.Characteristics of elements in waste ashes from a solid waste incinerator in Taiwan[J].J Hazard Mater,165(2009):766-773.
[27]Y C Lin,J H Yen,S K Lateef,et al.Characteristics of residual organics in municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash[J].J Hazard Mater,182(2010):337-345.
[28]Lin Y C,Panchangam S C,Wu C H,et al.Effects of water washing on removing organic residues in bottom ashes of municipal solid waste incinerators[J].Chemosphere,2011,82(4):502-506.
[29]S Dugenest,J Combrisson,H Casabianca,et al.Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash:characterization and kinetic studies of organic matter[J].Environ.Sci.Technol.,33(1999):1110-1115.
[30]H Belevi,H Moench.Factors determining the element behavior in municipal solid waste incinerators.1[J].Field studies Environ.Sci.Technol.,34(2000):2501-2506.
[31]Enell A,Fuhrman F,Lundin L,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ash:determination of total and leachable concentrations[J].Environmental Pollution,2008,152(2):285-292.