干旱区绿洲盐渍土粒径分布单重分形和多重分形特征
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摘要
为定量描述干旱区绿洲盐渍化土壤的粒径分布特征,对38个土壤样品的粒径分布与含盐量进行测定,并基于分形理论定量表征了研究区盐渍土和非盐渍土的土壤粒径分布特征。结果表明:粉粒的体积分数占主导地位,砂粒和黏粒次之;土壤含盐量与粉粒和黏粒体积分数呈正相关,而与黏粒呈负相关;单重分形维数D值介于1. 990～2. 349,且与土壤黏粒和粉粒含量成正比,相关系数分别为0. 81和0. 64(P <0. 01),与砂粒含量呈反比,相关系数为-0. 67(P <0. 01);土壤粒径分布具有多重分形特征,盐渍土(含盐量≥3 g·kg~(-1))的粒径分布较非盐渍土(<3 g·kg~(-1))更广,非均匀性更强;土壤含盐量与多重分形信息维D_1和D_1/D_0呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0. 265(P <0. 01)和-0. 283(P <0. 01),与多重分形谱谱宽呈现极显著正相关,相关系数为0. 206(P <0. 01),而与D、容量维D_0和多重分形谱性状特性均没有显著相关性。
In order to explore the relationship between salinization characters and soil particle size distribution( PSD) of soil in arid oasis,total 38 soil samples were collected from the Weigan-Kuqa River delta oasis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in April 2016. And the characteristics of soil PSD of saline soil and non-saline soil in the study area were quantitatively based on the fractal theory. The results showed that the volumetric percentages of silt particles were dominated,followed by sand and clay particles. The volumetric percentages of silt and clay were positively correlated with soil salt content,while the volumetric percentage of sand was negatively correlated with soil salt content. The D value of the fractional dimension was ranged from 1. 990 to 2. 349,and the correlation coefficients between it and the volumetric percentages of clay and silt particles was 0. 81 and 0. 64,respectively,which passed the significance test at level of 0. 01. However,the correlation between D value and the volumetric percentage of sand particles was significantly negative with the correlation coefficient of-0. 67( P < 0. 01). The soil PSD had the multifractal characteristics,PSD range of the saline soil( salt content ≥3 g·kg~(-1)) was wider than that of the non-saline soil( salt content < 3 g·kg~(-1)),and which was more heterogeneous. Soil salt content was significantly negative correlation with the multifractal parameters D_1( the entropy dimension) and D_1/D_0 with the correlation coefficients of-0. 265( P < 0. 01) and-0. 283( P < 0. 01) respectively. The significantly positive correlation could be detected between soil salt content and Δa( the width of multifractal spectra) with a correlation coefficient of 0. 206( P < 0. 01). However,soil salt content had no significant correlation with D,D_0( capacity dimension) and Δf.
In order to explore the relationship between salinization characters and soil particle size distribution( PSD) of soil in arid oasis,total 38 soil samples were collected from the Weigan-Kuqa River delta oasis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in April 2016. And the characteristics of soil PSD of saline soil and non-saline soil in the study area were quantitatively based on the fractal theory. The results showed that the volumetric percentages of silt particles were dominated,followed by sand and clay particles. The volumetric percentages of silt and clay were positively correlated with soil salt content,while the volumetric percentage of sand was negatively correlated with soil salt content. The D value of the fractional dimension was ranged from 1. 990 to 2. 349,and the correlation coefficients between it and the volumetric percentages of clay and silt particles was 0. 81 and 0. 64,respectively,which passed the significance test at level of 0. 01. However,the correlation between D value and the volumetric percentage of sand particles was significantly negative with the correlation coefficient of-0. 67( P < 0. 01). The soil PSD had the multifractal characteristics,PSD range of the saline soil( salt content ≥3 g·kg~(-1)) was wider than that of the non-saline soil( salt content < 3 g·kg~(-1)),and which was more heterogeneous. Soil salt content was significantly negative correlation with the multifractal parameters D_1( the entropy dimension) and D_1/D_0 with the correlation coefficients of-0. 265( P < 0. 01) and-0. 283( P < 0. 01) respectively. The significantly positive correlation could be detected between soil salt content and Δa( the width of multifractal spectra) with a correlation coefficient of 0. 206( P < 0. 01). However,soil salt content had no significant correlation with D,D_0( capacity dimension) and Δf.
引文
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[3]王卫超,冯欢,王巍琦,等.开垦对盐渍化弃耕地土壤团聚体含量及稳定性的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(2):327-333.[Wang Weichao,Feng Huan,Wang Weiqi,et al.Change in content and characteristics of soil aggregates after reclamation of derelict salinized land[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2016,47(2):327-333.]
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[10]代豫杰,郭建英,董智,等.不同沙生灌木下土壤颗粒及重金属空间分布特征[J].环境科学,2017(11):4 809-4 818.[Dai Yujie,Guo Jianying,Dong Zhi,et al.Soil particles and heavy metals spatial distribution under different psammophilic shrubs in Ulan Buh Desert[J].Environmental Science,2017(11):4 809-4 818.]
[11]闵祥宇,李新举,李奇超.机械压实对复垦土壤粒径分布多重分形特征的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(20):274-283.[Min Xiangyu,Li Xinju,Li Qichao.Influence of mechanical compaction on reclaimed soil particle size distribution multifractal characteristics[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(20):274-283.]
[12]王燕,斯庆毕力格,贾旭,等.基于多重分形的半干旱区弃耕农田土壤粒径分布特征[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(4):804-812.[Wang Yan,Siqingbilige,Jia Xu,et al.Soil particle size distribution characteristics of abandoned farmland based on multifractal in semiarid area[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(4):804-812.]
[13]马成霞,丁建丽,杨爱霞,等.绿洲区域土壤盐渍化主要参数的空间异质性分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(2):144-150.[Ma Chengxia,Ding Jianli,Yang Aixia,et al.Spatial variability of key parameters of soil salinization in oasis area[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2015,29(2):144-150.]
[14]曹雷,丁建丽,玉米提·哈力克,等.基于国产高分一号卫星数据的区域土壤盐渍化信息提取与建模[J].土壤学报,2016,53(6):1 399-1 409.[Cao Lei,Ding Jianli,Umut Halik,et al.Extraction and modeling of regional soil salinization based on data from GF-1 satellite[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(6):1 399-1 409.]
[15]乔木,周生斌,卢磊,等.新疆渭干河流域土壤盐渍化时空变化及成因分析[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(7):904-910.[Qiao Mu,Zhou Shengbin,Lu Lei,et al.Causes and spatial-temporal changes of soil salinization in Weigan River Basin,Xinjiang[J].Progress in Geography,2012,31(7):904-910.]
[16]王家强,哈学萍.渭库绿洲土壤盐渍化遥感监测研究[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2011,27(1):7-11.[Wang Jiaqiang,Ha Xueping.Remote sensing monitoring of soil salinization in the delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa Rivers[J].System Sciences and Comprehensive Studies in Agriculture,2011,27(1):7-11.]
[17]阿依图尔荪·哈力穆拉提.渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲棉田表层土壤的理化特征研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆师范大学,2014.[Ayituersui Halimulati.The Research of the Topsoil Physical and Chemical Properties of Cotton Lands in Weigan and Kuqa Oasis[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Normal University,2014.]
[18]曹雷,丁建丽,于海洋.渭-库绿洲多尺度景观格局与盐度关系[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(3):101-110.[Cao Lei,Ding Jianli,Yu Haiyang.Relationship between multi-scale landscape pattern and salinity in Weigan and Kuqa rivers delta oasis[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(3):101-110.]
[19]新疆农业厅,新疆土壤普查办公室.新疆土壤[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:51-52.[Xinjiang Department of Agriculture,Office of Soil Survey of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Xinjiang Soil[M].Beijing:Science Press,1996:51-52.]
[20]白一茹,汪有科.黄土丘陵区土壤粒径分布单重分形和多重分形特征[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(5):43-48.[Bai Yiru,Wang Youke.Monofractal and multifractal analysis on soil particle distribution in Hilly and Gully areas of the Loess Plateau[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(5):43-48.]
[21]管孝艳,杨培岭,吕烨.基于多重分形的土壤粒径分布与土壤物理特性关系[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(3):44-50.[Guan Xiaoyan,Yang Peiling,LüYe.Relationships between soil particle size distribution and soil physical properties based on multifractal[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(3):44-50.]
[22]Paz Ferreiro J,Vidal Vázquez E.Multifractal analysis of Hg pore size distributions in soils with contrasting structural stability[J].Geoderma,2010,160(1):64-73.
[23]胡宏昌,田富强,胡和平.新疆膜下滴灌土壤粒径分布及与水盐含量的关系[J].中国科学:技术科学,2011(8):13-20.[Hu Hongchang,Tian Fuqiang,Hu Heping.Soil particle size distribution and its relationship with soil water and salt under mulched drip irrigation in Xinjiang of China[J].Science China Technology Sciences,2011(8):13-20.]
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