渭干河-库车河绿洲土壤盐渍化时空变化及其影响因素分析
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摘要
文章以新疆土壤盐渍化较为典型的渭干河-库车河绿洲为基础,运用RS/GIS技术和统计分析方法,结合野外调查,对该绿洲1989、2001、2006、2011和2016年5个时期的盐渍化土壤时空动态变化特征及其驱动力进行了分析。结果表明:(1)渭干河-库车河绿洲土壤盐渍化类型有很大的变化,总体呈逐渐减轻的趋势,其中,重度盐渍化地面积减少比较明显,累计减少了1420.715km2,年均减少了52.62km2,中轻度盐渍化地面积总体上变化不大,累计增多了71.81 km2,非盐渍化地面积呈一直增加的趋势,累计增加了1574.6km2,是研究区各景观类型中面积最大的类型;(2)经研究区的地物转移分析发现,各土地覆盖类型之间面积转换频繁,研究区非盐渍地面积增加了很多,但也存在部分非盐渍地转化为中轻度盐渍化地和重度盐渍化地的现象。整个研究时段内,重度盐渍地面积减少了很多,各时期重度盐渍地、中轻度盐渍化地及其它地类转化为非盐渍地的转移概率也比较大;(3)干旱的气候条件、丰富的盐分来源、较浅的地下水位埋深并且较高的地下水矿化度等自然因素决定了土壤盐渍化空间分布的大体趋势,大规模绿洲水土资源开发利用间接地影响土壤盐渍化的空间变化过程。这一研究为掌握渭干河-库车河绿洲盐渍化土壤时空变化趋势及土地资源的可持续利用提供科学依据。
Study of the spatial and temporal changes of soil salinization is an important means for understanding the formation mechanism of soil salinization.In this paper,the Xinjiang typical soil salinization area — OganKucha oasis was taken as a case study,the spatial and temporal changes of salinization soil and its influencing factors are analyzed in 1989,2001,2006,2011 and 2016 by using RS/GIS techniques and the statistical methods combined with field data.The results indicated that:(1)there was a great changes of soil salinization types in Ogan-Kucha oasis,and the overall trend was gradually reduced,among these,severe saline land type had significant decreasing trend,total decreased 1420.715 km2,annual decreased 52.62 km2,the change of slightly and moderately saline land is not obvious,total increased 71.81 km2,the area of non-saline land is showing an increasing trend during study period,total increased 1574.6 km2,and the area of non-saline land is the largest among all landscape types.(2)Through the analysis of the transition matrix of study area,we found there was frequent conversions mutual the land types,and the area of non-saline land increased a lot,but there are also some non-saline soil transferred into slightly and moderately saline land and severe saline land.During the study period,the severe saline land area decreased a lot,in each period,the transition probability of the severe saline land,slightly and moderately saline land and other land types into the non-saline soil was relatively large;(3)The general trend of spatial distribution of soil salinization is determined by natural factors,such as drought climate,abundant source of salt,shallow groundwater and high groundwater salinity,the exploitation and utilization of water and soil resources in large scale is indirectly affect the spatial change of soil salinization.This study provide a scientific basis for mastering Ogan-Kucha oasis soil salinization spatial variation and the sustainable utilization of land resources.
Study of the spatial and temporal changes of soil salinization is an important means for understanding the formation mechanism of soil salinization.In this paper,the Xinjiang typical soil salinization area — OganKucha oasis was taken as a case study,the spatial and temporal changes of salinization soil and its influencing factors are analyzed in 1989,2001,2006,2011 and 2016 by using RS/GIS techniques and the statistical methods combined with field data.The results indicated that:(1)there was a great changes of soil salinization types in Ogan-Kucha oasis,and the overall trend was gradually reduced,among these,severe saline land type had significant decreasing trend,total decreased 1420.715 km2,annual decreased 52.62 km2,the change of slightly and moderately saline land is not obvious,total increased 71.81 km2,the area of non-saline land is showing an increasing trend during study period,total increased 1574.6 km2,and the area of non-saline land is the largest among all landscape types.(2)Through the analysis of the transition matrix of study area,we found there was frequent conversions mutual the land types,and the area of non-saline land increased a lot,but there are also some non-saline soil transferred into slightly and moderately saline land and severe saline land.During the study period,the severe saline land area decreased a lot,in each period,the transition probability of the severe saline land,slightly and moderately saline land and other land types into the non-saline soil was relatively large;(3)The general trend of spatial distribution of soil salinization is determined by natural factors,such as drought climate,abundant source of salt,shallow groundwater and high groundwater salinity,the exploitation and utilization of water and soil resources in large scale is indirectly affect the spatial change of soil salinization.This study provide a scientific basis for mastering Ogan-Kucha oasis soil salinization spatial variation and the sustainable utilization of land resources.
引文
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[16]满苏尔·沙比提,阿布拉江,安尼瓦尔.新疆库车县耕地人口承载能力研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2002,16(3):28-32.
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[21]何祺胜,等.基于决策树方法的干旱区盐渍地信息提取研究—以渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例[J].资源科学,2006,28(6):134-140.
[22]吴亚妮.车尔臣河中下游流域生态环境敏感性评价及其空间分布研究[D].新疆大学硕士学位论文,2008:9-30
[23]张飞.干旱区绿洲盐渍化地光谱、空间特征与成分研究——以渭干河─库车河三角洲绿洲为例[D].新疆大学硕士学位论文,2007:32-34.
[24]梅安新,彭望琭,秦其明,等.遥感导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:193-199.
[2]李建国,濮励杰,等.土壤盐渍化研究现状及未来研究热点[J].地理学报,2012,67(9):1234-1245.
[3]Graciela Matternicht,J.alfred Zinck.Remote sensing of soil salinization-impact on land management[M].New York:CRC press,2008.
[4]Mettmicht G,Zinck J A.Spatial discrimination of salt and sodium affected soil surfaces[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1997,18(12):2571-2586.
[5]彭翔,胡丹,等.基于EPO-PLS回归模型的盐渍化土壤含水率高光谱反演[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(11):167-173.
[6]杨劲松.中国盐渍土研究的发展历程与展望[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):837-846.
[7]翁永玲.土壤盐渍化遥感应用研究进展[J].地理科学,2006,26(3):371-372.
[8]Mougenot B,Pouget M,Epema G.Remote sensing of salt-affected soils[J].Remote Sensing Reviews,1993,7:241-259.
[9]王遵亲.中国盐渍土[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[10]田长彦,周宏飞,刘国庆.21世纪新疆土壤盐渍化调控与农业持续发展研究建议[J].干旱区地理,2000,23(2):178-181.
[11]满苏尔·沙比提,陈冬花.渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲形成演变和可持续发展研究[J].资源科学,2005,27(6):118-124.
[12]满苏尔·沙比提,海鹰,帕尔哈提·艾孜木.渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲50a来农业开发及所引发的生态问题探析[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(3):349-354.
[13]满苏尔·沙比提,阿布拉江·苏莱曼.渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲农业气象灾害及减灾对策分析[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(4):90-95.
[14]满苏尔·沙比提,热合漫·玉苏甫,阿布拉江·苏莱曼.新疆库车县草场资源开发利用中存在的问题及其对策[J].草业科学,2003,20(8):5-8.
[15]阿迪力江·阿布来提,等.干旱区绿洲土壤盐渍化动态变化及其影响因子分析研究—以渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(9):1858-1863.
[16]满苏尔·沙比提,阿布拉江,安尼瓦尔.新疆库车县耕地人口承载能力研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2002,16(3):28-32.
[17]库车县志编纂委员会编.库车县志[Z].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学出版社,1991:1-81.
[18]沙雅县史志编纂委员会.沙雅县志[Z].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,1995:1-7.
[19]新和县地方志编纂委员会,新和县志[Z].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,1997:1-5.
[20]库车县水利志编纂委员会编.库车县水利志[Z].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1993:22-23.
[21]何祺胜,等.基于决策树方法的干旱区盐渍地信息提取研究—以渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例[J].资源科学,2006,28(6):134-140.
[22]吴亚妮.车尔臣河中下游流域生态环境敏感性评价及其空间分布研究[D].新疆大学硕士学位论文,2008:9-30
[23]张飞.干旱区绿洲盐渍化地光谱、空间特征与成分研究——以渭干河─库车河三角洲绿洲为例[D].新疆大学硕士学位论文,2007:32-34.
[24]梅安新,彭望琭,秦其明,等.遥感导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:193-199.