武汉地区天兴洲碳酸盐岩条带岩溶发育的异常性及其成因探讨
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摘要
为了研究武汉地区中北部紧邻襄樊—广济断裂的天兴洲碳酸盐岩条带岩溶发育的异常特性,将该条带的岩石化学成份、矿物成份、岩性以及岩溶发育程度、溶洞规模、溶洞顶板在基岩面下的埋深、岩溶垂向分带和溶洞充填物等与其南侧的大桥和白沙洲碳酸盐岩条带进行对比分析,发现它们之间存在很大的差异。天兴洲碳酸盐岩条带岩溶发育的异常性与襄樊—广济断裂活动有关:晚三叠世—侏罗纪,襄樊-广济断裂发生挤压逆冲推覆活动使上、下碳酸盐岩组出露地表,发生第一期岩溶作用;白垩—古近纪,以襄樊—广济断裂为主体的断裂发生伸展活动,张性断裂和裂隙为基性岩浆喷溢和构造热液活动提供了通道,构造热液白云岩化和硅化作用对天兴洲碳酸盐岩条带的原岩进行改造,形成以白云岩为主、含硅质岩的具弱溶蚀性的岩石组合,同时,由于红层的广泛覆盖,这一时期岩溶作用间断;新近纪—早更新世,武汉地区整体隆升,各碳酸盐岩条带再次出露地表,发生第二期岩溶作用,而天兴洲条带由于岩性发生改变,可溶性减弱,与其它条带相比岩溶作用较弱。
This work studied the characteristics of the Tianxingzhou carbonate zone adjacent to the Xiangfanguangji fault,located at the middle-north Wuhan.A comparison was made to this rock zone and the Daqiao and Baishazhou carbonate zones to the south in some aspects including rock chemical and mineral composition,lithology and the degree of karst development,karst cave scale,burial depth of karst cave roof under bedrock surface,karst vertical zoning and cave fillings.The results show great differences among them.The development of karst in the Tianxinzhou zone was associated with the activity of the Xiangfan-guangji fault.The first karstification of this zone took place during Late Triassic and Jurassic period.In the Cretaceous and Paleogene period,the extension dominated by the Xiangfan-Guangji fault resulted in fractures and cracks,providing channels for the basaltic magma eruption and tectonic hydrothermal activity.Because of widespread tectonic hydrothermal dolomitization and silicification,the raw rock of the Tianxingzhou carbonate zone suffered reformation,leading to rock combination dominated by dolomite containing silicite with weak dissolution.At the same time,the karstification interrupted due to the broad coverage of red beds.Neogene and early Pleistocene,the carbonate rock zone once again exposed on the surface,suffered second karstification.Due to change of lithology and weakened solubility,the karstification of the Tianxingzhou rock zone became diminished compared with other carbonate belts.
This work studied the characteristics of the Tianxingzhou carbonate zone adjacent to the Xiangfanguangji fault,located at the middle-north Wuhan.A comparison was made to this rock zone and the Daqiao and Baishazhou carbonate zones to the south in some aspects including rock chemical and mineral composition,lithology and the degree of karst development,karst cave scale,burial depth of karst cave roof under bedrock surface,karst vertical zoning and cave fillings.The results show great differences among them.The development of karst in the Tianxinzhou zone was associated with the activity of the Xiangfan-guangji fault.The first karstification of this zone took place during Late Triassic and Jurassic period.In the Cretaceous and Paleogene period,the extension dominated by the Xiangfan-Guangji fault resulted in fractures and cracks,providing channels for the basaltic magma eruption and tectonic hydrothermal activity.Because of widespread tectonic hydrothermal dolomitization and silicification,the raw rock of the Tianxingzhou carbonate zone suffered reformation,leading to rock combination dominated by dolomite containing silicite with weak dissolution.At the same time,the karstification interrupted due to the broad coverage of red beds.Neogene and early Pleistocene,the carbonate rock zone once again exposed on the surface,suffered second karstification.Due to change of lithology and weakened solubility,the karstification of the Tianxingzhou rock zone became diminished compared with other carbonate belts.
引文
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[33]周祖翼,Peer W.Reiners,许长海,等.大别山造山带白垩纪热窿伸展作用:锆石(U-Th)/He年代学证据[J].自然科学进展,2002,12(7):763-766.
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[35]李荣,焦养泉,吴立群,等.构造热液白云石化:一种国际碳酸盐岩领域的新模式[J].地质科技情报,2008,27(3):35-40.
[36]陈代钊.构造—热液白云岩化作用与白云岩储层[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(5):614-622.
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[2]吴永华,谢春波,朱洵.陆家街地区岩溶塌陷形成机制及预测评价[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994,5(增刊):118-123.
[3]于政伟,冉俊,张友安.浅析武汉地区岩溶地陷及岩土工程勘查中的预防措施[J].科技创新导报,2010(31):114.
[4]郑先昌,卫中营.武汉市岩溶地面塌陷诱发因素分析[J].城市勘测,2004(1):15-19.
[5]范士凯.武汉(湖北)地区岩溶地面塌陷[J].资源环境与工程,2006,20(增刊):608-616.
[6]侯国伦.武汉岩溶地区工程地质勘察与评价实例[J].资源环境与工程,2010,24(4):390-393.
[7]罗小杰,罗世杰.武汉市汉南区长江干堤内地面塌陷成因分析与处置措施探讨[J].资源环境与工程,2009,23(专刊):75-79.
[8]贾淑霞,马霄汉.武汉市区岩溶地面塌陷成因机理与预测研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994,5(增刊):103-108.
[9]官善友,蒙核量,周淼.武汉市岩溶分布与发育规律[J].城市勘测,2008(4):145-149.
[10]郭礼士,张琳.武汉市岩溶发育特点及勘察时应注意的几个问题[J].中国电子商务,2011(8):105.
[11]李智毅,叶俊林.武汉市陆家街地面塌陷的形成机制[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1989,14(2):207-211.
[12]罗小杰,试论武汉地区构造演化与岩溶发育史[J].中国岩溶,2013,32(2):195-202.
[13]罗小杰.武汉地区浅层岩溶发育特征与岩溶塌陷灾害防治[J].中国岩溶,2013,32(4):419-423.
[14]湖北省地质矿产局.湖北省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.
[15]湖北省区域地质矿产调查所.武汉市地质图说明书(1∶50000)[R].1985.
[16]湖北省地质矿产局.武汉市基岩地质图说明书(1∶50000)[R].1985.
[17]湖北省地质矿产局.武汉市地质图说明书(1∶50000)[R].1990.
[18]湖北省地质矿产局.武汉市基岩地质图说明书(1∶50000)[R].1990.
[19]湖北省地质矿产局.1∶20万黄陂幅区域地质调查报告[R].1975.
[20]湖北省地质矿产局.1∶20万武汉幅区域地质调查报告[R].1975.
[21]杨坤光,程万强,朱清波,等.论大别山南缘襄樊—广济断裂的两次向南逆冲推覆[J].地质论评,2011,57(4):480-494.
[22]王浩乾,朱光,鞠林雪,等.大别造山带南界襄樊—广济断裂带的演化规律与构造意义[J].地质科学,2012,47(2):290-305.
[23]董云鹏,张国伟,姚安平,等.襄樊—广济断裂西段三里岗—三阳构造混杂岩带构造变形与演化[J].地质科学,2003,38(4):425-436.
[24]陈璘.襄樊—广济断裂湖北段构造特征研究[J].石油实验地质,2009,31(2):186-191.
[25]邓乾忠,彭练红,陈林.襄樊—广济断裂构造地质特征及发展演化[J].资源环境与工程.2004,18(增刊):17-21..
[26]甘家思,申重阳,姚运生.襄樊—广济断裂带武汉段和黄州段第四纪活动的初步研究[C].中国地震学会第八次学术大会论文摘要集,2000:60.
[27]王鹏程,李三忠,刘鑫,等.长江中下游燕山期逆冲推覆构造及成因机制[J].岩石学报,2012,28(10):3418-3430.
[28]王志元,简玉兵,周少东.湖北省大型变形构造划分及主要特征[J].资源环境与工程,2014,28(1):94-107.
[29]雷东宁,蔡永建,余松,等.湖北襄樊—广济断裂第四纪活动特征初步探讨[J].地质科技情报,2011,30(6):38-43.
[30]崔建军,董树文,马立成,等.135~130Ma:大别山第二次“去根”时间?[J].地球学报,2014,35(5):553-560.
[31]马昌前,杨坤光,明厚利,等.大别山中生代地壳从挤压转向伸展的时间:花岗岩的证据[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(9):817-827.
[32]许长海,周祖翼,马昌全,等.大别造山带140-85Ma热隆伸展作用—年代学约束[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(11):925-937.
[33]周祖翼,Peer W.Reiners,许长海,等.大别山造山带白垩纪热窿伸展作用:锆石(U-Th)/He年代学证据[J].自然科学进展,2002,12(7):763-766.
[34]王清林,林伟.大别山碰撞造山带的地球动力学[J].地学前缘,2002,9(4):257-265.
[35]李荣,焦养泉,吴立群,等.构造热液白云石化:一种国际碳酸盐岩领域的新模式[J].地质科技情报,2008,27(3):35-40.
[36]陈代钊.构造—热液白云岩化作用与白云岩储层[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(5):614-622.
[37]长江岩土工程总公司(武汉),长江三峡勘察设计院.长江流域工程地质(第一版)[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2012:105-112.