基因干预:从道德哲学的观点看
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摘要
无论在生物学上还是在伦理学上,基因编辑都是非常重要的事件,需要我们进行理性的反思。从道德哲学的观点反思基因干预,我们应该追问三个问题:这种基因干预是对的还是错的?它是一件好事还是坏事?它是正义的还是不正义的?我们要想回答这样三个问题,就需要某种评判的标准。基于"权利"的标准,我们认为这种基因干预是正确的,起码不是错误的。基于"帕累托改善"的标准,我们认为这种基因干预是一件好事,而不是坏事。基于"机会平等"的标准,我们主张这种基因干预是正义的。也就是说,我们有充分的道德理由支持基因干预。
Gene editing is very important both in biology and ethics, which requires rational reflection. Reflecting on gene intervention from the perspective of moral philosophy, we should ask three questions: Is this gene intervention right or wrong? Is it a good thing or a bad thing? Is it just or unjust? If we want to answer these three questions, we need some kind of criterion. Based on the "right" criterion, we believe that this genetic intervention is correct, at least not wrong. Based on the criterion of "Pareto Improvement", we believe that this genetic intervention is a good thing, not a bad thing. Based on the criterion of "equality of opportunity", we advocate that such genetic intervention is just. That is to say, we have good moral reasons to support gene intervention.
Gene editing is very important both in biology and ethics, which requires rational reflection. Reflecting on gene intervention from the perspective of moral philosophy, we should ask three questions: Is this gene intervention right or wrong? Is it a good thing or a bad thing? Is it just or unjust? If we want to answer these three questions, we need some kind of criterion. Based on the "right" criterion, we believe that this genetic intervention is correct, at least not wrong. Based on the criterion of "Pareto Improvement", we believe that this genetic intervention is a good thing, not a bad thing. Based on the criterion of "equality of opportunity", we advocate that such genetic intervention is just. That is to say, we have good moral reasons to support gene intervention.
引文
(1)See Allen Buchanan,Dan W.Brock,Norman Daniels and Daniel Wikler,From Chance to Choice:Genetics and Justice,Cambridge University Press,2000,pp.209-212.
(2)参见姚大志:《人类有权利克隆自己吗?》,《哲学研究》2003年第1期。
(3)See John Rawls,A Theory of Justice,The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,1999,pp.62-63.
(4)参见[英]摩尔:《伦理学原理》,长河译,商务印书馆1983年版,第12页。
(5)同注③,第350-351页。
(6)See Noman Daniels,Just Health Care,Cambridge University Press,1985;Noman Daniels,Just Health:Meeting Health Needs Fairly,Cambridge University Press,2008.
(7)同注③,第266页。
(8)See Noman Daniels,Just Health:Meeting Health Needs Fairly,Cambridge University Press,2008,p.27.
(2)参见姚大志:《人类有权利克隆自己吗?》,《哲学研究》2003年第1期。
(3)See John Rawls,A Theory of Justice,The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,1999,pp.62-63.
(4)参见[英]摩尔:《伦理学原理》,长河译,商务印书馆1983年版,第12页。
(5)同注③,第350-351页。
(6)See Noman Daniels,Just Health Care,Cambridge University Press,1985;Noman Daniels,Just Health:Meeting Health Needs Fairly,Cambridge University Press,2008.
(7)同注③,第266页。
(8)See Noman Daniels,Just Health:Meeting Health Needs Fairly,Cambridge University Press,2008,p.27.