基于遥感影像的雪线高程提取方法对比分析——以天山北坡为例
|
摘要
利用2010-2014年6~8月MOD10A1、MOD10A2及HJ-1/CCD数据,以天山北坡为研究区,对比分析了积雪持续时间比率法及最大值合成法在雪线高程提取中的精度和适用性。结果表明:当MOD10A1以旬合成,积雪持续时间比率阈值为40%时,提取的雪线高程与"真值"最为接近;基于混淆矩阵法,以目视解译得到的HJ-1/CCD积雪面积为"真值",分析得出,积雪持续时间比率法提取积雪面积的总体精度较高,为98.59%,khat系数为0.90,最大值合成法的总体精度仅为85.29%,khat系数为0.70;基于统计学的方法,计算得出,积雪持续时间比率法提取的雪线高程与"真值"的相关系数较高,为0.77,其平均误差、正、负误差、绝对平均误差以及均方根误差相对较低;最大值合成法提取的雪线高程与"真值"的相关系数较低,仅为0.54,其平均误差、正、负误差、绝对平均误差以及均方根误差相对较高;积雪持续时间比率法提取的雪线高程结果优于最大值合成法。
On the basis of the MOD10A1,MOD10A2 and HJ-1/CCD data from June to August in 2010 to 2014,with the north slope of Tianshan mountains as the study area,this paper compares and analyzes the snow duration ratio method and the maximum synthesis method in the snowline elevation extraction accuracy and applicability.The results show that snow line height's error is minimum while snow duration ratio method taking the 40%threshold extraction. Based on confusion matrix method,snow area of HJ-1/CCD is "true value" by the visual interpretation. The results demonstrate that snow duration ratio method to extract snow area's overall accuracy is higher,the accuracy is 98.59% Khat coefficient is 0.90,the accuracy of the maximum synthesis is only 85.29%,Khat coefficient is 0.70. Based on the statistical method,the paper calculated that snow duration ratio method to extract the snowline elevation has higher correlation coefficient of 0.77 with "true value". The average error,error of positive and negative,average absolute error and root mean square error is relatively lower. The maximum synthesis method extracting line height and the same area "true value" has lower correlation coefficient of only0.54. The average error,error of positive and negative,average absolute error and root mean square error is relatively higher. Using snow duration ratio method to extract the snowline elevation results is better than that of the maximum synthesis method.
On the basis of the MOD10A1,MOD10A2 and HJ-1/CCD data from June to August in 2010 to 2014,with the north slope of Tianshan mountains as the study area,this paper compares and analyzes the snow duration ratio method and the maximum synthesis method in the snowline elevation extraction accuracy and applicability.The results show that snow line height's error is minimum while snow duration ratio method taking the 40%threshold extraction. Based on confusion matrix method,snow area of HJ-1/CCD is "true value" by the visual interpretation. The results demonstrate that snow duration ratio method to extract snow area's overall accuracy is higher,the accuracy is 98.59% Khat coefficient is 0.90,the accuracy of the maximum synthesis is only 85.29%,Khat coefficient is 0.70. Based on the statistical method,the paper calculated that snow duration ratio method to extract the snowline elevation has higher correlation coefficient of 0.77 with "true value". The average error,error of positive and negative,average absolute error and root mean square error is relatively lower. The maximum synthesis method extracting line height and the same area "true value" has lower correlation coefficient of only0.54. The average error,error of positive and negative,average absolute error and root mean square error is relatively higher. Using snow duration ratio method to extract the snowline elevation results is better than that of the maximum synthesis method.
引文
[1]蒋复初,吴锡浩,王书兵,等.中国气候雪线空间分布特征[J].地质力学学报,2002,8(4):289-296.[JIANG Fuchu,WU Xihao,WANG Shubin,et al.Characteristics of space distribution of the climatic snowline in China[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2002,8(4):289-296.]
[2]鞠远江,刘耕年,魏遐.山地冰川平衡线高度作为气候变化代用指标的讨论[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(4):613-616.[JU Yuanjiang,LIU Gengnian,WEI Xia.Equilibrium line altitude of mountain glacier as a proxy of climate changes[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(4):613-616.]
[3]张润江,赵福岳,方洪宾,等.青藏高原近30年现代雪线遥感调查[J].国土资源遥感,2010,23(2):59-63.[ZHANG Ruijiang,ZHAO Fuyue,FANG Hongbin,et al.Remote sensing survey of existing snow lines in the past 30 years in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Remote Sensing For Land&Resources,2010,23(2):59-63.]
[4]肖飞,杜耘,凌峰,等.基于水流路径分析的雪线数字提取[J].遥感学报.2010,14(1):62-67.[XIAO Fei,DU Yun,LING Feng,et al.Digital extraction of snowline based on flow path analysis[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2010,14(1):62-67.]
[5]蒋复初,吴锡浩,王书兵,等.中国大陆森林线空间分布特征及其与多年冻土线、气候雪线的关系[J].地质力学学报,2004,10(4):289-298.[JIANG Fuchu,WU Xihao,WANG Shubin,et al.Features of space distribution of the forest line and relations between the forest line and climatic limit of permafrost and climatic snowline in China[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2004,10(4):289-298.]
[6]邓玉武,谢育楚,秦建新,等.恒河-雅鲁藏布江流域雪线场的建立及其环境意义[J].冰川冻土,2006,28(6):865-872.[DENG Yuwu,XIE Zichu,QIN Jianxin,et al.The field of equilibrium line altitude in the Ganga-Yarlung Zangbo Rivers system:Establishment and its environmental significance[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2006,28(6):865-872.]
[7]张颖,黄晓东,王玮,等.MODIS逐日积雪覆盖率产品验证及算法重建[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(5):808-814.[ZHANG Ying,HUANG Xiaodong,WANG Wei,et al.Validation and algorithm redevelopment of MODIS daily fractional snow cover products[J].Arid Zone Research,2013,30(5):808-814.]
[8]赵明洋,别强,何磊,等.基于去云处理的祁连山积雪覆盖遥感监测研究[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(2):325-332.[ZHAO Mingyang,BIE Qiang,HE Lei,et al.Estimating snow cover accuracy from MODIS and AMSR-E with cloud removal methodology in Qilian Mountains[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(2):325-332.]
[9]蒋忠信.中国西部现代学线的趋势面分析[J].地理科学,1987,7(1):1-8.[JIANG Zhongxin.Rrend surface analysis of the existent snowline in West China[J].Scientia Geographica sinica,1987,7(1):1-8.]
[10]李光辉,王成,习晓环,等.机载Li DAR和高光谱数据融合提取冰川雪线[J].国土资源遥感,2013,29(3):79-84.[LI Guanghui,WANG Cheng,XI Xiaohuan,et al.Extraction of glacier snowline based on airbourne Li DAR and hypersdectral data fusion[J].Remote Sensing For Land&Resources,2013,29(3):79-84.]
[11]HESS H.Die Glatscher[M].Braunschweig Verlag von F.Viewg U.S,1904:426.
[12]聂宁,张智杰,张万昌,等.近30a来雅鲁藏布江流域冰川系统特征遥感研究及典型冰川变化分析[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(3):541-552.[NIE Ning,ZHANG Zhijie,ZHANG Wangchang,et al.Analysis of the characteristics of the glacier system and typical glacier change and typical glacier change based on remote sensing in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin during the past 30years[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2013,35(3):541-552.]
[13]王利平,谢自楚,丁亮福,等.基于GIS的羌塘高原冰川系统雪线场的建立及其空间分布特征[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(5):692-702.[WANG Liping,XIE Zichu,DING liangfu,et al.Establishing the field of equilibrium line altitude of the glacier system in the Chiangtang Plateau based on geographic information system and its distribution characteristics[J].Arid Land Geography,2010,33(5):692-702.]
[14]DROZ M,WUNDERLE S.Snow line analysis in the Alps based on NOAA-AVHRR data[C]//Proceedings of EARSe L-LISSIGWorkshop Observing our Cryosphere from Space.Bern,2002:150.
[15]李艳忠,罗格平,周德成,等.天山北坡高山林线分布的生态地理特征[J].中国沙漠,2010,32(1):122-131.[LI Yanzhong,LUO Geping,ZHOU Decheng,et al.Eco-geographical characte-ristics of alpine timberlines on northern slope of Tianshan Mountains[J].Journal Of Desert Research,2010,32(1):122-131.]
[16]张威,于治龙,李媛媛,等.亚洲中纬度地区第四纪冰川作用差异性探讨[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(3):407-418.[ZHANG Wei,YU Zhilong,LI Yuanyuan,et al.Discussion on difference of Quaternary glaciation in the mid-latitude regions of Asia[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(3):407-418.]
[17]黄晓东,张学通,李霞,等.北疆牧区MODIS积雪产品MOD10A1和MOD10A2的精度分析与评价[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(5):722-729.[HUANG Xiaodong,ZHANG Xuetong,LI Xia,et al.Accuracy analysis for modis snow products of MOD10A1and MOD10A2 in northern Xinjiang area[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(5):722-729.]
[18]梁守真,施平,邢前国.MODIS NDVI时间序列数据的去云算法比较[J].国土资源遥感,2011,1(88):33-36.[LIANG Shouzhen,SHI Ping,XING Qinaguo.A comparison between the algorithms for removing cloud pixel from MODIS NDVI time series data[J].Remote Sensing For Land&Resources,2011,1(88):33-36.]
[19]周文明.基于光学影像中的冰川面积参数提取研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2013.[ZHOU Wenming.Extraction of glacier area using optical remote sensing images[D].Changsha:Central South University,2013.]
[20]孙志群,刘志辉,邱冬梅.基于HJ-1B数据的雪盖提取方法研究—以军塘湖流域为例[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(1):126-132.[SUN Zhiqun,LIU Zhihui,QIU Dongmei.Methods of extracting snow cover information based on HJ-1B data:a case of the Juntanghu watershed[J].Arid Land Geography,2012,35(1):126-132.]
[21]张杰,韩涛,王建.祁连山区1997-2004年积雪面积和雪线高度变化分析[J].冰川冻土,2005,37(5):649-654.[ZHANG Jie,HAN Tao,WANG Jian.Changes of snow-cover area and snowline altitude in the Qilian Mountains 1997-2004[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2005,37(5):649-654.]
[22]于惠,冯琦胜,张学通,等.基于AMSR-E信息的北疆牧区雪深遥感监测模型方法初探[J].草叶学报,2009,18(4):210-216.[YU Hui,FENG Qisheng,ZHANG Xuetong,et al.An approach for monitoring snow depth based on AMSR-E data in the pastoral area of northern Xinjiang[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2009,18(4):210-216.]
[2]鞠远江,刘耕年,魏遐.山地冰川平衡线高度作为气候变化代用指标的讨论[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(4):613-616.[JU Yuanjiang,LIU Gengnian,WEI Xia.Equilibrium line altitude of mountain glacier as a proxy of climate changes[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(4):613-616.]
[3]张润江,赵福岳,方洪宾,等.青藏高原近30年现代雪线遥感调查[J].国土资源遥感,2010,23(2):59-63.[ZHANG Ruijiang,ZHAO Fuyue,FANG Hongbin,et al.Remote sensing survey of existing snow lines in the past 30 years in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Remote Sensing For Land&Resources,2010,23(2):59-63.]
[4]肖飞,杜耘,凌峰,等.基于水流路径分析的雪线数字提取[J].遥感学报.2010,14(1):62-67.[XIAO Fei,DU Yun,LING Feng,et al.Digital extraction of snowline based on flow path analysis[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2010,14(1):62-67.]
[5]蒋复初,吴锡浩,王书兵,等.中国大陆森林线空间分布特征及其与多年冻土线、气候雪线的关系[J].地质力学学报,2004,10(4):289-298.[JIANG Fuchu,WU Xihao,WANG Shubin,et al.Features of space distribution of the forest line and relations between the forest line and climatic limit of permafrost and climatic snowline in China[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2004,10(4):289-298.]
[6]邓玉武,谢育楚,秦建新,等.恒河-雅鲁藏布江流域雪线场的建立及其环境意义[J].冰川冻土,2006,28(6):865-872.[DENG Yuwu,XIE Zichu,QIN Jianxin,et al.The field of equilibrium line altitude in the Ganga-Yarlung Zangbo Rivers system:Establishment and its environmental significance[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2006,28(6):865-872.]
[7]张颖,黄晓东,王玮,等.MODIS逐日积雪覆盖率产品验证及算法重建[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(5):808-814.[ZHANG Ying,HUANG Xiaodong,WANG Wei,et al.Validation and algorithm redevelopment of MODIS daily fractional snow cover products[J].Arid Zone Research,2013,30(5):808-814.]
[8]赵明洋,别强,何磊,等.基于去云处理的祁连山积雪覆盖遥感监测研究[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(2):325-332.[ZHAO Mingyang,BIE Qiang,HE Lei,et al.Estimating snow cover accuracy from MODIS and AMSR-E with cloud removal methodology in Qilian Mountains[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(2):325-332.]
[9]蒋忠信.中国西部现代学线的趋势面分析[J].地理科学,1987,7(1):1-8.[JIANG Zhongxin.Rrend surface analysis of the existent snowline in West China[J].Scientia Geographica sinica,1987,7(1):1-8.]
[10]李光辉,王成,习晓环,等.机载Li DAR和高光谱数据融合提取冰川雪线[J].国土资源遥感,2013,29(3):79-84.[LI Guanghui,WANG Cheng,XI Xiaohuan,et al.Extraction of glacier snowline based on airbourne Li DAR and hypersdectral data fusion[J].Remote Sensing For Land&Resources,2013,29(3):79-84.]
[11]HESS H.Die Glatscher[M].Braunschweig Verlag von F.Viewg U.S,1904:426.
[12]聂宁,张智杰,张万昌,等.近30a来雅鲁藏布江流域冰川系统特征遥感研究及典型冰川变化分析[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(3):541-552.[NIE Ning,ZHANG Zhijie,ZHANG Wangchang,et al.Analysis of the characteristics of the glacier system and typical glacier change and typical glacier change based on remote sensing in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin during the past 30years[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2013,35(3):541-552.]
[13]王利平,谢自楚,丁亮福,等.基于GIS的羌塘高原冰川系统雪线场的建立及其空间分布特征[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(5):692-702.[WANG Liping,XIE Zichu,DING liangfu,et al.Establishing the field of equilibrium line altitude of the glacier system in the Chiangtang Plateau based on geographic information system and its distribution characteristics[J].Arid Land Geography,2010,33(5):692-702.]
[14]DROZ M,WUNDERLE S.Snow line analysis in the Alps based on NOAA-AVHRR data[C]//Proceedings of EARSe L-LISSIGWorkshop Observing our Cryosphere from Space.Bern,2002:150.
[15]李艳忠,罗格平,周德成,等.天山北坡高山林线分布的生态地理特征[J].中国沙漠,2010,32(1):122-131.[LI Yanzhong,LUO Geping,ZHOU Decheng,et al.Eco-geographical characte-ristics of alpine timberlines on northern slope of Tianshan Mountains[J].Journal Of Desert Research,2010,32(1):122-131.]
[16]张威,于治龙,李媛媛,等.亚洲中纬度地区第四纪冰川作用差异性探讨[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(3):407-418.[ZHANG Wei,YU Zhilong,LI Yuanyuan,et al.Discussion on difference of Quaternary glaciation in the mid-latitude regions of Asia[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(3):407-418.]
[17]黄晓东,张学通,李霞,等.北疆牧区MODIS积雪产品MOD10A1和MOD10A2的精度分析与评价[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(5):722-729.[HUANG Xiaodong,ZHANG Xuetong,LI Xia,et al.Accuracy analysis for modis snow products of MOD10A1and MOD10A2 in northern Xinjiang area[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(5):722-729.]
[18]梁守真,施平,邢前国.MODIS NDVI时间序列数据的去云算法比较[J].国土资源遥感,2011,1(88):33-36.[LIANG Shouzhen,SHI Ping,XING Qinaguo.A comparison between the algorithms for removing cloud pixel from MODIS NDVI time series data[J].Remote Sensing For Land&Resources,2011,1(88):33-36.]
[19]周文明.基于光学影像中的冰川面积参数提取研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2013.[ZHOU Wenming.Extraction of glacier area using optical remote sensing images[D].Changsha:Central South University,2013.]
[20]孙志群,刘志辉,邱冬梅.基于HJ-1B数据的雪盖提取方法研究—以军塘湖流域为例[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(1):126-132.[SUN Zhiqun,LIU Zhihui,QIU Dongmei.Methods of extracting snow cover information based on HJ-1B data:a case of the Juntanghu watershed[J].Arid Land Geography,2012,35(1):126-132.]
[21]张杰,韩涛,王建.祁连山区1997-2004年积雪面积和雪线高度变化分析[J].冰川冻土,2005,37(5):649-654.[ZHANG Jie,HAN Tao,WANG Jian.Changes of snow-cover area and snowline altitude in the Qilian Mountains 1997-2004[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2005,37(5):649-654.]
[22]于惠,冯琦胜,张学通,等.基于AMSR-E信息的北疆牧区雪深遥感监测模型方法初探[J].草叶学报,2009,18(4):210-216.[YU Hui,FENG Qisheng,ZHANG Xuetong,et al.An approach for monitoring snow depth based on AMSR-E data in the pastoral area of northern Xinjiang[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2009,18(4):210-216.]