双光栅切换微型平场全息凹面光栅光谱仪
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摘要
基于CCD的微型平场全息凹面光栅光谱仪,以其简单紧凑的结构和快速高效的工作方式在光谱分析领域获得了广泛的应用。但是,由于受限于色散距离,单纯依靠优化光栅像差很难进一步使光谱分辨率获得大幅提高。提出一种双光栅切换微型平场全息凹面光栅光谱仪的设计方法,用两个使用结构相同的光栅代替传统的单光栅设计,给出一个光谱范围为400～1000nm光谱仪的具体设计,计算显示光谱分辨率最大可提高为原来的2.5倍。通过对光栅衍射效率的计算分析,说明此方法能够显著改善仪器的通光效率。设计制作了原理样机,进行了装调测试,实验结果与理论计算相吻合。
The minitype flat-field holographic concave grating spectrograph equipped with CCD detectors are widely used for spectral analysis.They are accepted for some remarkable advantages,such as compact structure and rapid and efficient testing process.However,restricted by imaging distance of the spectrometer,it is difficult to improve the spectral resolution greatly just by optimization of the holographic concave grating.A design method of double-grating minitype flat-field holographic concave grating spectrograph is proposed.The single grating in conventional spectrograph is replaced by two gratings which are equipped with the same geometry.A double grating flat-field spectrograph with a wavelength range from 400 nm to 1000 nm is designed.The calculation results show that the resolution of the newly designed spectrograph can be almost two and a half times as great as the conventional spectrograph.The light throughput efficiency can also be greatly improved,which is demonstrated by analyzing diffraction efficiency of the grating.The double-grating minitype flat-field holographic concave grating spectrograph is developed and adjusted.The experimental results agree with the theoretical calculations very well.
The minitype flat-field holographic concave grating spectrograph equipped with CCD detectors are widely used for spectral analysis.They are accepted for some remarkable advantages,such as compact structure and rapid and efficient testing process.However,restricted by imaging distance of the spectrometer,it is difficult to improve the spectral resolution greatly just by optimization of the holographic concave grating.A design method of double-grating minitype flat-field holographic concave grating spectrograph is proposed.The single grating in conventional spectrograph is replaced by two gratings which are equipped with the same geometry.A double grating flat-field spectrograph with a wavelength range from 400 nm to 1000 nm is designed.The calculation results show that the resolution of the newly designed spectrograph can be almost two and a half times as great as the conventional spectrograph.The light throughput efficiency can also be greatly improved,which is demonstrated by analyzing diffraction efficiency of the grating.The double-grating minitype flat-field holographic concave grating spectrograph is developed and adjusted.The experimental results agree with the theoretical calculations very well.
引文
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5Chang Lingying,Zhao Baochang,Yang Jianfeng et al..Opticalsystem design of a two-linear array stereoscopic mapping CCDcamera[J].Chinese J.Lasers,2011,38(8):245～249常凌颖,赵葆常,杨建峰等.两线阵立体测绘CCD相机光学系统设计[J].中国激光,2011,38(8):245～249
6Chen Xinglin,Zheng Yanhong,Wang Yan.Influence of spotnoise in inter-satellite optical communications and suppressionalgorithm[J].Chinese J.Lasers,2010,37(3):743～747陈兴林,郑燕红,王岩.光斑噪声对星间光通信的影响及抑制算法[J].中国激光,2010,37(3):743～747
7G.S.Hayat,J.Flamand,M.Lacroix et al..Designing a newgeneration of analytical instruments around the new types ofholographic diffraction grating[J].Opt.Engng.,1975,14:420～425
8J.M.Lerner,R.J.Chambers,G.Passereau.Flat-fieldimaging spectroscopy using aberration corrected holographicgratings[C].SPIE,1981,268:122～128
9H.Noda,T.Namioka,M.Seya.Geometric theory of thegrating[J].J.Opt.Soc.Am.,1974,64(8):1031～1036
10T.Namioka,M.Koike,D.Content.Geometric theory of theellipsoidal grating[J].Appl.Opt.,1994,33(31):7261～7274
11S.Masui,T.Namioka.Geometric aberration theory of double-element optical systems[J].J.Opt.Soc.Am.A,1999,16(9):2253～2268
12N.K.Pavlycheva.Design of flat-field spectrograph employing aholographic grating[J].Sov.J.Opt.Technol.,1979,46(7):394～396
13W.R.McKinney,C.Palmer.Numerical design method foraberration-reduced concave grating spectrometers[J].Appl.Opt.,1987,26(15):3108～3118
14Li Chaoming,Wu Jianhong,Tang Minxue.Design of flat fieldholographic concave grating[J].Laser Journal,2005,26(2):57～58李朝明,吴建宏,唐敏学.平场全息凹面光栅的设计[J].激光杂志,2005,26(2):57～58
15Xiang Xianyi,Wen Zhiyu.Design of flat field holographicconcave grating for near-infrared spectrophotometer[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2008,28(7):1670～1673向贤毅,温志渝.用于近红外光谱仪的平场全息凹面光栅的模拟与设计[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2008,28(7):1670～1673
16Zhou Qian,Li Lifeng.Design method of convex master gratingsfor replicating flat-field concave gratings[J].Spectroscopy andSpectral Analysis,2009,29(8):2281～2285周倩,李立峰.光谱仪用平场凹面光栅的凸面母光栅的消像差设计思路[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2009,29(8):2281～2285
17Kong Peng,Bayanheshig,Li Wenhao et al..Optimization ofdouble-grating flat-field holographic concave grating spectrograph[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2011,31(2):29～33孔鹏,巴音贺希格,李文昊等.双光栅平场全息凹面光栅光谱仪的优化设计[J].光学学报,2011,31(2):29～33
18M.Chrisp.Aberrations of holographic toroidal grating systems[J].Appl.Opt.,1983,22(10):1508～1518
2Chen Yuerui,Sun Bin,Han Tao et al..Densely folded spectralimages of the CCD spectrometer working in the full 200～1000nm wavelength range with high resolution[J].Opt.Express,2005,13(25):10049～10054
3Liu Dongmei,Xia Rihui,Pan Yonggang et al..Study of digitalspectrometer based on charge coupled device[J].Acta OpticaSinica,2012,32(1):84～89刘冬梅,夏日辉,潘永刚等.基于电荷耦合器件的数字光谱分析仪的研究[J].光学学报,2012,32(1):84～89
4Cui Jian,Dong Xiaopeng,Wu Zhaoxi et al..A high-precisionmethod for determining the FBG peak wavelength shift based onFBG actual reflection spectrum match[J].Chinese J.Lasers,2011,38(7):152～156崔剑,董小鹏,吴兆喜等.基于FBG实际反射谱匹配的FBG峰值波长偏移量的高精度确定方法[J].中国激光,2011,38(7):152～156
5Chang Lingying,Zhao Baochang,Yang Jianfeng et al..Opticalsystem design of a two-linear array stereoscopic mapping CCDcamera[J].Chinese J.Lasers,2011,38(8):245～249常凌颖,赵葆常,杨建峰等.两线阵立体测绘CCD相机光学系统设计[J].中国激光,2011,38(8):245～249
6Chen Xinglin,Zheng Yanhong,Wang Yan.Influence of spotnoise in inter-satellite optical communications and suppressionalgorithm[J].Chinese J.Lasers,2010,37(3):743～747陈兴林,郑燕红,王岩.光斑噪声对星间光通信的影响及抑制算法[J].中国激光,2010,37(3):743～747
7G.S.Hayat,J.Flamand,M.Lacroix et al..Designing a newgeneration of analytical instruments around the new types ofholographic diffraction grating[J].Opt.Engng.,1975,14:420～425
8J.M.Lerner,R.J.Chambers,G.Passereau.Flat-fieldimaging spectroscopy using aberration corrected holographicgratings[C].SPIE,1981,268:122～128
9H.Noda,T.Namioka,M.Seya.Geometric theory of thegrating[J].J.Opt.Soc.Am.,1974,64(8):1031～1036
10T.Namioka,M.Koike,D.Content.Geometric theory of theellipsoidal grating[J].Appl.Opt.,1994,33(31):7261～7274
11S.Masui,T.Namioka.Geometric aberration theory of double-element optical systems[J].J.Opt.Soc.Am.A,1999,16(9):2253～2268
12N.K.Pavlycheva.Design of flat-field spectrograph employing aholographic grating[J].Sov.J.Opt.Technol.,1979,46(7):394～396
13W.R.McKinney,C.Palmer.Numerical design method foraberration-reduced concave grating spectrometers[J].Appl.Opt.,1987,26(15):3108～3118
14Li Chaoming,Wu Jianhong,Tang Minxue.Design of flat fieldholographic concave grating[J].Laser Journal,2005,26(2):57～58李朝明,吴建宏,唐敏学.平场全息凹面光栅的设计[J].激光杂志,2005,26(2):57～58
15Xiang Xianyi,Wen Zhiyu.Design of flat field holographicconcave grating for near-infrared spectrophotometer[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2008,28(7):1670～1673向贤毅,温志渝.用于近红外光谱仪的平场全息凹面光栅的模拟与设计[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2008,28(7):1670～1673
16Zhou Qian,Li Lifeng.Design method of convex master gratingsfor replicating flat-field concave gratings[J].Spectroscopy andSpectral Analysis,2009,29(8):2281～2285周倩,李立峰.光谱仪用平场凹面光栅的凸面母光栅的消像差设计思路[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2009,29(8):2281～2285
17Kong Peng,Bayanheshig,Li Wenhao et al..Optimization ofdouble-grating flat-field holographic concave grating spectrograph[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2011,31(2):29～33孔鹏,巴音贺希格,李文昊等.双光栅平场全息凹面光栅光谱仪的优化设计[J].光学学报,2011,31(2):29～33
18M.Chrisp.Aberrations of holographic toroidal grating systems[J].Appl.Opt.,1983,22(10):1508～1518
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