鄂尔多斯盆地南缘下寒武统地层划分及沉积演化特征
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摘要
为研究鄂尔多斯盆地南缘下寒武统的地层发育特征与沉积演化规律,开展了大地构造背景分析、地层对比和岩相古地理研究。结果表明:(1)鄂尔多斯盆地南缘辛集组之下发育东坡组和罗圈组地层,为主要烃源岩系,可归属到下寒武统,TOC质量分数为0.19%～11.18%,平均为3.14%,为寒武系最优质的烃源岩。(2)整个华北地区在早寒武世早期发生海侵,沉积了一套海进地层,鄂尔多斯盆地南缘经历了深水海湾沉积、海岸沉积和碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积过程。(3)鄂尔多斯盆地南缘寒武系沉积厚度为500～1 300 m,局部可达1 500 m以上,其中张夏组鲕粒滩分布广泛,发育溶孔和晶间孔,为相对优质的储集体,与东坡组和罗圈组构成了良好的源储组合。该研究成果对鄂尔多斯盆地寒武系油气勘探具有重要意义。
In order to study the stratigraphic development and sedimentary evolution of Lower Cambrian in the southern margin of Ordos Basin,geotectonic background,stratigraphic correlation and lithofacies palaeogeography were studied. The results show that:(1)Dongpo Formation and Luoquan Formation are the main source rocks developed under Xinji Formation in the southern margin of Ordos Basin,which can be classified into Lower Cambrian. The TOC mass fraction is 0.19%-11.18%,with an average of 3.14%,so they are the best source rocks of Cambrian.(2)The entire North China region transgressed in the early Early Cambrian and deposited a set oftransgression strata. The southern margin of Ordos Basin underwent deep-water bay deposition,coastal deposition and carbonate gentle slope deposition.(3)The sedimentary thickness of Cambrian in the southern margin of Ordos Basin is 500-1 300 m,and it can reach more than 1 500 m locally. The oolitic shoals of Zhangxia Formation are widely distributed,with dissolved pores and intergranular pores developed. They are relatively high-quality reservoirs and form a good source-reservoir assemblage with Dongpo Formation and Luoquan Formation. The research results are of great significance to the Cambrian oil and gas exploration in Ordos Basin.
In order to study the stratigraphic development and sedimentary evolution of Lower Cambrian in the southern margin of Ordos Basin,geotectonic background,stratigraphic correlation and lithofacies palaeogeography were studied. The results show that:(1)Dongpo Formation and Luoquan Formation are the main source rocks developed under Xinji Formation in the southern margin of Ordos Basin,which can be classified into Lower Cambrian. The TOC mass fraction is 0.19%-11.18%,with an average of 3.14%,so they are the best source rocks of Cambrian.(2)The entire North China region transgressed in the early Early Cambrian and deposited a set oftransgression strata. The southern margin of Ordos Basin underwent deep-water bay deposition,coastal deposition and carbonate gentle slope deposition.(3)The sedimentary thickness of Cambrian in the southern margin of Ordos Basin is 500-1 300 m,and it can reach more than 1 500 m locally. The oolitic shoals of Zhangxia Formation are widely distributed,with dissolved pores and intergranular pores developed. They are relatively high-quality reservoirs and form a good source-reservoir assemblage with Dongpo Formation and Luoquan Formation. The research results are of great significance to the Cambrian oil and gas exploration in Ordos Basin.
引文
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[4]陶士振,刘德良,李昌伟,等。华北陆块新区新层页岩气潜在勘探新领域:南华北下寒武统马店组烃源岩及其含气系统.T天然气地球科学,2014,25(11):1767-1780.TAO S Z,LIU D L,LI C W,et al. Exploration frontiers of unexplored shale layer in new district,North China block:Source rock and its gas system of Madian Formation of Lower Cambrian in the southern part of North China block. Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(11):1767-1780.
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[6]曹高社,宋明水,刘德良,等.合肥盆地寒武系底部烃源岩沉积环境和地球化学特征.石油实验地质,2002,24(3):273-278.CAO G S,SONG S M,LIU D L,et al. Sedimentary environment and geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks in the Cambrian base of the Hefei Basin. Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2002,24(3):273-278.
[7]陈启林,白云来,廖建波,等.鄂尔多斯盆地深层寒武系烃源岩展布特征及其勘探意义.天然气地球科学,2015,26(3):397-407.CHEN Q L,BAI Y L,LIAO J B,et al.Distribution characteristics and exploration significance of Cambrian source rock in the deep of Ordos Basin,China. Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(3):397-407.
[8]廖建波,陈启林,李智勇,等.鄂尔多斯南缘下寒武统烃源岩的发现与意义.中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(3):527-534.LIAO J J,CHEN Q L,LI Z Y,et al. Discovery and significance of hydro carbon source rocks in the Lower Cambrian at the southern margin of Ordos Basin. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(3):527-534.
[9]徐嘉炜.华北南部寒武系下限问题.地质论评,1958,18(1):41-55.XU J W. The lower limit of Cambrian in the southern margin of the north China. Geological Review,1958,18(1):41-55.
[10]杨志坚.淮南、霍丘早寒武世沉积若干问题的探讨.地质科学,1960,3(4):182-188.YANG Z J. Discussion on some problems of early Cambrian sediment in Huan and Huoqiu. Journal of Geology,1960,3(4):182-188.
[11]杨清和,张友礼,郑文武,等.苏皖北部震旦亚界的划分和对比.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1980:231-265.YANG Q H,ZHANG Y L,ZHENG W W,et al. Subdivision and correlation of Sinian suberathem in northern Jiangsu and Anhui. Tianjin:Tianjin Science and Technology Press,1980:231-265.
[12]何治亮,许旭辉,戴少武,等.东秦岭—大别造山带及两侧盆地演化与油气勘探.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2013.HE Z L,XU X H,DAI S W,et al. Evolution and petroleum prospect of east Qinling and Dabie orogenic belt and both sides of basins. Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,2013.
[13]张文堂,朱兆玲,袁克兴,等.华北南部、西南部寒武系及上前寒武系的分界.地层学杂志,1979,3(1):51-56.ZHANG W T,ZHU Z L,YUAN K X,et al. The boundary between Cambrian and Upper Precambrian in the south and southwest of north China. Journal of Stratigragphy,1979,3(1):51-56.
[14]郑文武,斗守初.论皖北凤台组和罗圈组的冰川沉积特征及其对比问题.合肥工业大学学报,1980(2):48-74.ZHENG W W,DOU S C. On features of the glacial deposition and their contrast question of Fentai and Luoquan Formation in the north of Anhui. Journal of Hefei Polytechic University,1980(2):48-74.
[15]薛友智.陕西洛南一带上前寒武系的数学地质分析.陕西地质,1984,2(1):37-58.XUE Y Z. Mathematical and geological analysis of Upper Cambrian in Luonan area of Shaanxi province. Shaanxi Geology,1984,2(1):37-58.
[16]关保德,潘泽成,耿午辰,等.东秦岭北坡震旦亚界.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1980.GUAN B D,PAN Z C,GENG W C,et al. Sinian suberathem,north slope of east Qinling. Tianjin:Tianjin Science and Technology Press,1980.
[17]叶连俊.华北地台沉积建造.北京:科学出版社,1983:35-48.YE L J. Sedimentary formation of north China platform. Beijing:Science Press,1983:35-48.
[18]任润生.试论“凤台砾岩”成因及时代:兼论淮南,霍邱地区寒武系底界.中国地质科学院天津地质矿产研究所所刊,1983(5):27-42.REN R S. Genesis and age of the“Fengtai conglomerate”bed,and the basal boundary of Cambrian in western Anhui. Bulletin Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,1983(5):27-42.
[19]冯增昭,彭勇民,金振奎,等.中国寒武纪和奥陶纪岩相古地理.北京:石油工业出版社,2004.FENG Z Z,PENG Y M,JIN Z K,et al. Lithofacies palaeogeography of Cambrian and Ordovician in China. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004.
[20]白云来,马玉虎,黄勇,等.鄂尔多斯古陆南部大陆边缘寒武纪奥拉谷存在的沉积证据及其油气勘探意义.天然气地球科学,2014,25(11):1706-1717.BAI Y L,MAI Y H,HUANG Y,et al. Sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbon exploration implications on the Cambrian aulacogen of the southern Ordos continental margin,North China.Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(11):1706-1717.
[21]白云来,王新民,刘化清,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西部边界的确定及其地球动力学背景.地质学报,2006,80(6):792-813.BAI Y L,WANG X M,LIU H Q,et al. Determination of the borderline of the western Ordos Basin and its geodynamics background. Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(6):792-813.
[22]陈启林,白云来,黄勇,等.鄂尔多斯盆地寒武纪层序岩相古地理.石油学报,2012,33(增刊2):82-94.CHEN Q L,BAI Y L,HUANG Y,et al. Sequence lithofacies palaeogeography of the Cambrian in Ordos Basin,China. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(Supple 2):82-94.
[23]杨华,席胜利,魏新善,等.鄂尔多斯多旋回叠合盆地演化与天然气富集.中国石油勘探,2006,11(1):17-24.YANG H,XI S L,WEI X S,et al. Evolution and natural gas enrichment of multicycle superimposed basin in Ordos Basin. China Petroleum Exploration,2006,11(1):17-24.
[24]祝有海,马丽芳.华北地区下寒武统的划分对比及其沉积演化.地质论评,2008,54(6):731-740.ZHU Y H,MA L F. Division and correlation of Lower Cambrian and its sedimentary evolution in North China. Geological Review,2008,54(6):731-740.
[2]戴金星,刘德良,曹高社,等.华北盆地南缘寒武系烃源岩.北京:石油工业出版社,2005.DAI J X,LIU D L,CAO G S,et al. Cambrian source rock in the south margin of the North China Basin. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2005.
[3]李森,朱如凯,崔景伟,等.古环境与有机质富集控制因素研究:以鄂尔多斯盆地南缘长7油层组为例.岩性油气藏,2019,31(1):87-95.LI S,ZHU R K,CUI J W,et al. Paleoenvironment and controlling factors of organic matter enrichment:a case of Chang 7 oil reservoir in southern margin of Ordos Basin. Lithologic Reservoirs,2019,31(1):87-95.
[4]陶士振,刘德良,李昌伟,等。华北陆块新区新层页岩气潜在勘探新领域:南华北下寒武统马店组烃源岩及其含气系统.T天然气地球科学,2014,25(11):1767-1780.TAO S Z,LIU D L,LI C W,et al. Exploration frontiers of unexplored shale layer in new district,North China block:Source rock and its gas system of Madian Formation of Lower Cambrian in the southern part of North China block. Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(11):1767-1780.
[5]戴金星,刘德良,曹高社.华北陆块南部下寒武统海相泥质烃源岩的发现对天然气勘探的意义.地质论评,2003,49(3):322-329.DAI J X,LIU D L,CAO G S. Discovery of marine muddy hydro carbon source rocks in the southern margin of the North China block and its significance for gas exploration. Geological Review,2003,49(3):322-329.
[6]曹高社,宋明水,刘德良,等.合肥盆地寒武系底部烃源岩沉积环境和地球化学特征.石油实验地质,2002,24(3):273-278.CAO G S,SONG S M,LIU D L,et al. Sedimentary environment and geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks in the Cambrian base of the Hefei Basin. Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2002,24(3):273-278.
[7]陈启林,白云来,廖建波,等.鄂尔多斯盆地深层寒武系烃源岩展布特征及其勘探意义.天然气地球科学,2015,26(3):397-407.CHEN Q L,BAI Y L,LIAO J B,et al.Distribution characteristics and exploration significance of Cambrian source rock in the deep of Ordos Basin,China. Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(3):397-407.
[8]廖建波,陈启林,李智勇,等.鄂尔多斯南缘下寒武统烃源岩的发现与意义.中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(3):527-534.LIAO J J,CHEN Q L,LI Z Y,et al. Discovery and significance of hydro carbon source rocks in the Lower Cambrian at the southern margin of Ordos Basin. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(3):527-534.
[9]徐嘉炜.华北南部寒武系下限问题.地质论评,1958,18(1):41-55.XU J W. The lower limit of Cambrian in the southern margin of the north China. Geological Review,1958,18(1):41-55.
[10]杨志坚.淮南、霍丘早寒武世沉积若干问题的探讨.地质科学,1960,3(4):182-188.YANG Z J. Discussion on some problems of early Cambrian sediment in Huan and Huoqiu. Journal of Geology,1960,3(4):182-188.
[11]杨清和,张友礼,郑文武,等.苏皖北部震旦亚界的划分和对比.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1980:231-265.YANG Q H,ZHANG Y L,ZHENG W W,et al. Subdivision and correlation of Sinian suberathem in northern Jiangsu and Anhui. Tianjin:Tianjin Science and Technology Press,1980:231-265.
[12]何治亮,许旭辉,戴少武,等.东秦岭—大别造山带及两侧盆地演化与油气勘探.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2013.HE Z L,XU X H,DAI S W,et al. Evolution and petroleum prospect of east Qinling and Dabie orogenic belt and both sides of basins. Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,2013.
[13]张文堂,朱兆玲,袁克兴,等.华北南部、西南部寒武系及上前寒武系的分界.地层学杂志,1979,3(1):51-56.ZHANG W T,ZHU Z L,YUAN K X,et al. The boundary between Cambrian and Upper Precambrian in the south and southwest of north China. Journal of Stratigragphy,1979,3(1):51-56.
[14]郑文武,斗守初.论皖北凤台组和罗圈组的冰川沉积特征及其对比问题.合肥工业大学学报,1980(2):48-74.ZHENG W W,DOU S C. On features of the glacial deposition and their contrast question of Fentai and Luoquan Formation in the north of Anhui. Journal of Hefei Polytechic University,1980(2):48-74.
[15]薛友智.陕西洛南一带上前寒武系的数学地质分析.陕西地质,1984,2(1):37-58.XUE Y Z. Mathematical and geological analysis of Upper Cambrian in Luonan area of Shaanxi province. Shaanxi Geology,1984,2(1):37-58.
[16]关保德,潘泽成,耿午辰,等.东秦岭北坡震旦亚界.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1980.GUAN B D,PAN Z C,GENG W C,et al. Sinian suberathem,north slope of east Qinling. Tianjin:Tianjin Science and Technology Press,1980.
[17]叶连俊.华北地台沉积建造.北京:科学出版社,1983:35-48.YE L J. Sedimentary formation of north China platform. Beijing:Science Press,1983:35-48.
[18]任润生.试论“凤台砾岩”成因及时代:兼论淮南,霍邱地区寒武系底界.中国地质科学院天津地质矿产研究所所刊,1983(5):27-42.REN R S. Genesis and age of the“Fengtai conglomerate”bed,and the basal boundary of Cambrian in western Anhui. Bulletin Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,1983(5):27-42.
[19]冯增昭,彭勇民,金振奎,等.中国寒武纪和奥陶纪岩相古地理.北京:石油工业出版社,2004.FENG Z Z,PENG Y M,JIN Z K,et al. Lithofacies palaeogeography of Cambrian and Ordovician in China. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004.
[20]白云来,马玉虎,黄勇,等.鄂尔多斯古陆南部大陆边缘寒武纪奥拉谷存在的沉积证据及其油气勘探意义.天然气地球科学,2014,25(11):1706-1717.BAI Y L,MAI Y H,HUANG Y,et al. Sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbon exploration implications on the Cambrian aulacogen of the southern Ordos continental margin,North China.Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(11):1706-1717.
[21]白云来,王新民,刘化清,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西部边界的确定及其地球动力学背景.地质学报,2006,80(6):792-813.BAI Y L,WANG X M,LIU H Q,et al. Determination of the borderline of the western Ordos Basin and its geodynamics background. Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(6):792-813.
[22]陈启林,白云来,黄勇,等.鄂尔多斯盆地寒武纪层序岩相古地理.石油学报,2012,33(增刊2):82-94.CHEN Q L,BAI Y L,HUANG Y,et al. Sequence lithofacies palaeogeography of the Cambrian in Ordos Basin,China. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(Supple 2):82-94.
[23]杨华,席胜利,魏新善,等.鄂尔多斯多旋回叠合盆地演化与天然气富集.中国石油勘探,2006,11(1):17-24.YANG H,XI S L,WEI X S,et al. Evolution and natural gas enrichment of multicycle superimposed basin in Ordos Basin. China Petroleum Exploration,2006,11(1):17-24.
[24]祝有海,马丽芳.华北地区下寒武统的划分对比及其沉积演化.地质论评,2008,54(6):731-740.ZHU Y H,MA L F. Division and correlation of Lower Cambrian and its sedimentary evolution in North China. Geological Review,2008,54(6):731-740.
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