水稻害虫生态调控系统中推-拉策略的初步应用
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摘要
本文在江门市新会区水稻试验田,构建利用"推-拉"策略的生态调控系统,以紫苏、烟草和香根草分别作为"推"和"拉"的成分,并对紫苏、烟草和香根草的生态功能进行了评价。Y型嗅觉仪测定结果表明,白背飞虱和褐飞虱对"紫苏+水稻"组选择率分别为38.70%和33.87%;对"烟草+水稻"组的选择率分别为30.12%和39.65%;通过笼罩选择性测定,白背飞虱和褐飞虱对"紫苏+水稻"组选择率分别为33.90%和38.10%;对"烟草+水稻"组的选择率分别为34.74%和39.00%,均显著低于对"水稻"对照组的选择率(60%-70%)。通过Y型嗅觉仪和笼罩选择性测定,拟水狼蛛对"香根草+水稻"组的选择率分别为67.55%和66.07%,显著高于对"水稻"的选择率32.45%和33.93%。进一步在田间试验区调查,结果表明,在"推-拉"处理区白背飞虱和褐飞虱的种群数量分别为563.4头/百丛和490.7头/百丛,显著低于对照田(819.6头/百丛和763.8头/百丛);在水稻分蘖后期处理区蜘蛛数量(213.33头/百丛)极显著高于对照田(80.00头/百丛),同时在稻田旁的香根草上能发现栖息的蜘蛛和卵块。由此得出,稻田边种植紫苏和烟草对稻飞虱有明显的驱避作用,而稻田边种植香根草对蜘蛛具有引诱作用,形成了紫苏、烟草和香根草的"推-拉"生态调控系统,既减少了害虫稻飞虱的数量,又增加了天敌蜘蛛数量,其结果可为生态防治害虫及科学保护天敌提供科学依据。
An area of rice crop in Jiangmen Xinhui was used to demonstrate an ecological regulation system based on the "push-pull"strategy. Perilla frutescens,Nicotiana tabacum and Vetiveria zizanioides were used as "push"and "pull"respectively. Moreover,the ecological function of P. frutescens,N.tabacum and V. zizanioides were evaluated. Tests with a Y-tube olfactometer showed the proportions of"Perilla and Rice"were 38. 70% and 33. 87%,and"Tobacco and Rice"were 30. 12% and 39. 65%.These were respectively chosen by WBPH(Sogatella furcifera) and BPH(Nilaparvata lugens). Tests with a caging method showed the proportions of "Perilla and Rice "were 33. 90% and 38. 10%,and"Tobacco and Rice"were 34. 74% and 39. 00%,which were respectively chosen by WBPH and BPH.These choices were significantly less frequent than "Rice"(averaged which 60%-70%) by WBPH and BPH. The tests with the caging method showed the proportion of "Vetiver and Rice"were 67. 55%and 66. 07%,which was chosen significantly more than "Rice "(32. 45% and 33. 93%) by V.zizanioides. The investigation on the "push-pull"strategy rice field also showed WBPH and BPH(563. 4 and 490. 7 per 100 plants) were significantly less than in the control area,and spiders(213. 33 per 100 plants) which in late tillering stage were extremely significantly more than in the control area(80. 00 per100 plants). Meanwhile,spiders with egg sac were found in vetiver by the rice field. The resuts suggested rice planthoppers would be repelled where perilla and tobacco were by rice fields,while spiders would be attracted by vetiver by the rice field. Such ecological regulation system based on the "pushpull"strategy was thus formed by perilla,tobacco,and vetiver,in reducing pest planthoppers and increasing the abundance of predators. We believe these results provide support for ecological control of pests based on favoring natural enemies.
An area of rice crop in Jiangmen Xinhui was used to demonstrate an ecological regulation system based on the "push-pull"strategy. Perilla frutescens,Nicotiana tabacum and Vetiveria zizanioides were used as "push"and "pull"respectively. Moreover,the ecological function of P. frutescens,N.tabacum and V. zizanioides were evaluated. Tests with a Y-tube olfactometer showed the proportions of"Perilla and Rice"were 38. 70% and 33. 87%,and"Tobacco and Rice"were 30. 12% and 39. 65%.These were respectively chosen by WBPH(Sogatella furcifera) and BPH(Nilaparvata lugens). Tests with a caging method showed the proportions of "Perilla and Rice "were 33. 90% and 38. 10%,and"Tobacco and Rice"were 34. 74% and 39. 00%,which were respectively chosen by WBPH and BPH.These choices were significantly less frequent than "Rice"(averaged which 60%-70%) by WBPH and BPH. The tests with the caging method showed the proportion of "Vetiver and Rice"were 67. 55%and 66. 07%,which was chosen significantly more than "Rice "(32. 45% and 33. 93%) by V.zizanioides. The investigation on the "push-pull"strategy rice field also showed WBPH and BPH(563. 4 and 490. 7 per 100 plants) were significantly less than in the control area,and spiders(213. 33 per 100 plants) which in late tillering stage were extremely significantly more than in the control area(80. 00 per100 plants). Meanwhile,spiders with egg sac were found in vetiver by the rice field. The resuts suggested rice planthoppers would be repelled where perilla and tobacco were by rice fields,while spiders would be attracted by vetiver by the rice field. Such ecological regulation system based on the "pushpull"strategy was thus formed by perilla,tobacco,and vetiver,in reducing pest planthoppers and increasing the abundance of predators. We believe these results provide support for ecological control of pests based on favoring natural enemies.
引文
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Lu YH,Kong CH,Dong C,et al.Allelopathy of Ageratum conyzoides L.Ⅶ.Syntheses of analogs of ageratochromene and their inhibitory effects on plants and microorganisms[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2001,21(6):890-895.[芦永辉,孔垂华,董春,等.胜红蓟化感作用研究Ⅶ.胜红蓟素类似物的合成及其对植物与微生物的抑制作用[J].生态学报,2001,21(6):890-895]
MacL eod A,Wratten SD,Sotherton NW,et al.‘Beetle banks'as refuges for beneficial arthropods in farmland:Long-term changes in predator communities and habitat[J].Agricultural and Forest Entomology,2004,6(2):147-154.
Martel JW,Alford AR,Dickens JC.Synthetic host volatiles increase efficacy of trap cropping for management of Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say)[J].Agricultural and Forest Entomology,2005,7(1):79-86.
Pyke B,Rice M,Sabine B,Zalucki M.The Push-pull strategybehavioural control of heliothis[J].Aust Cotton Grow,1987,9:7-9.
Pywell RF,James KL,Herbertc I,et al.Determinants of overwintering habitat quality for beetles and spiders on arable farmland[J].Biological Conservation,2005,123(1):79-90.
Schmidt MH,Tscharntke T.The role of perennial habitats for central European farmland spiders[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2005,105(1-2):235-242.
Tóth F,Kiss J.Comparative analyses of epigeic spider assemblages innorthern hungarian winter wheat fields and their adjacent margins[J].The Journal of Arachnology,1999,27(1):241-248.
Wang S.Study on Mechnaism and Sceening of Plant Source Active Substance Against Rhizoctonia solani[D].Hunan Agricultural University Master Degree Dissertation,2014.[王珊.抑制水稻纹枯病菌植物源粗提物的筛选及作用机制初步研究[D].湖南农业大学硕士学位论文,2014]
Wu JX.Studies of theM ain Ecological Methods to Control Rice Pests[D].Shanghai Jiao Tong University Master Degree Dissertation,2010:56.[吴降星.稻田主要害虫生态控制关键技术研究[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2010:56]
Wu QM.Effects of Rice-tobacco Intercropping on Major Pests and the Guild of Natural Enemies in Rice Fields[D].Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Master Degree Dissertation.2009:75.[吴琼梅.烟稻邻作对水稻主要害虫及天敌功能团的影响[D].福建农林大学硕士学位论文,2009:75]
Wu YH,Cai QN,Lin CW,et al.Effect of different hedgerow species on Ground-dwelling spider population in agricultural fields[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(4):1264-1273.[吴玉红,蔡青年,林超文,等.不同植物篱类型对农田地面蜘蛛种群的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(4):1264-1273]
Wu YH,Cheng X.Spider community structures in different types of hedgerows in the purple soil hilly areas of Sichuan basin[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2012,28(6):661-668.[吴玉红,程序.四川紫色土丘陵区不同植物篱类型蜘蛛群落结构[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(6):661-668]
Yu HW,Liu HR,Chang YF,et al.Research progress of botanical pesticide[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci,2009,37(16):7550-7551.[于宏伟,刘会茹,常永芳,等.植物源农药的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(16):7550-7551]
Zhang ZC,Wang MQ,Wang N,et al.Olfactory responses of Plutella xylostella to polyamines[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2006,49(1):142-145.[张志春,王满囷,王楠,等.小菜蛾对多胺的嗅觉反应[J].昆虫学报,2006,49(1):142-145]
Zheng SX,Zhang ZL,Zhu RL.Effects of chemical pesticides on spiders in ricefield[J].Natural Enemies of Insects,1985,7(2):100-103.[郑少雄,章正楼,朱瑞良.化学农药对稻田蜘蛛的影响[J].昆虫天敌,1985,7(2):100-103]
Huang DC,Ceng L,Liang GW,et al.Population dynamics of pests and their enemies in different cultivated rice fields[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(11):118-121.[黄德超,曾玲,梁广文,等.不同耕种稻田害虫及天敌的种群动态[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(11):118-121]
Jiang Y,Li HG,Tang Y,et al.Ecological regulation and management of insect pests in organic rice cultivation[J].China Plant Protection,2013,33(7):17-20.[蒋4,李宏光,唐宇,等.有机水稻田害虫的生态调控[J].中国植保导刊,2013,33(7):17-20]
Khan Z,Hassanali A,Pickett J,et al.Strategies for management of cereal stemborers and striga weed in maize-based farming systems in eastern africa involving‘push-pull'and allelopathic tactics[C].Proceedings 2ndNational Pest Management Conference,2004,72-84.
Ling Y,Tang WW,Ceng DQ,et al.Bioactivity of methanol extracts from 14 species of plants against Sogatella furcifera Horvath and Nilaparvata lugens Stl[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences),2012,38(1):53-57.[凌炎,唐文伟,曾东强,等.14种植物的甲醇粗提物对白背飞虱和褐飞虱的生物活性[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,38(1):53-57]
Liu SN.RepellentA ctivity of Plant Extracts on Rice Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens(Stl)[D].Anhui Agricultural University Master Degree Dissertation,2011.[刘胜宁.植物源提取物对水稻褐飞虱生物活性的研究[D].安徽农业大学硕士学位论文,2011]
Liu ZS,Liu AZ,Xiao QM,et al.Research status and development proposal of integrated pest control techniques of rice in China[J].China Seed Industry,2009,2:22-24.[刘占山,刘爱中,肖启明,等.我国水稻病虫害综合防治技术研究现状及发展建议[J].中国种业,2009,2:22-24]
Lu YH,Kong CH,Dong C,et al.Allelopathy of Ageratum conyzoides L.Ⅶ.Syntheses of analogs of ageratochromene and their inhibitory effects on plants and microorganisms[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2001,21(6):890-895.[芦永辉,孔垂华,董春,等.胜红蓟化感作用研究Ⅶ.胜红蓟素类似物的合成及其对植物与微生物的抑制作用[J].生态学报,2001,21(6):890-895]
MacL eod A,Wratten SD,Sotherton NW,et al.‘Beetle banks'as refuges for beneficial arthropods in farmland:Long-term changes in predator communities and habitat[J].Agricultural and Forest Entomology,2004,6(2):147-154.
Martel JW,Alford AR,Dickens JC.Synthetic host volatiles increase efficacy of trap cropping for management of Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say)[J].Agricultural and Forest Entomology,2005,7(1):79-86.
Pyke B,Rice M,Sabine B,Zalucki M.The Push-pull strategybehavioural control of heliothis[J].Aust Cotton Grow,1987,9:7-9.
Pywell RF,James KL,Herbertc I,et al.Determinants of overwintering habitat quality for beetles and spiders on arable farmland[J].Biological Conservation,2005,123(1):79-90.
Schmidt MH,Tscharntke T.The role of perennial habitats for central European farmland spiders[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2005,105(1-2):235-242.
Tóth F,Kiss J.Comparative analyses of epigeic spider assemblages innorthern hungarian winter wheat fields and their adjacent margins[J].The Journal of Arachnology,1999,27(1):241-248.
Wang S.Study on Mechnaism and Sceening of Plant Source Active Substance Against Rhizoctonia solani[D].Hunan Agricultural University Master Degree Dissertation,2014.[王珊.抑制水稻纹枯病菌植物源粗提物的筛选及作用机制初步研究[D].湖南农业大学硕士学位论文,2014]
Wu JX.Studies of theM ain Ecological Methods to Control Rice Pests[D].Shanghai Jiao Tong University Master Degree Dissertation,2010:56.[吴降星.稻田主要害虫生态控制关键技术研究[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2010:56]
Wu QM.Effects of Rice-tobacco Intercropping on Major Pests and the Guild of Natural Enemies in Rice Fields[D].Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Master Degree Dissertation.2009:75.[吴琼梅.烟稻邻作对水稻主要害虫及天敌功能团的影响[D].福建农林大学硕士学位论文,2009:75]
Wu YH,Cai QN,Lin CW,et al.Effect of different hedgerow species on Ground-dwelling spider population in agricultural fields[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(4):1264-1273.[吴玉红,蔡青年,林超文,等.不同植物篱类型对农田地面蜘蛛种群的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(4):1264-1273]
Wu YH,Cheng X.Spider community structures in different types of hedgerows in the purple soil hilly areas of Sichuan basin[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2012,28(6):661-668.[吴玉红,程序.四川紫色土丘陵区不同植物篱类型蜘蛛群落结构[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(6):661-668]
Yu HW,Liu HR,Chang YF,et al.Research progress of botanical pesticide[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci,2009,37(16):7550-7551.[于宏伟,刘会茹,常永芳,等.植物源农药的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(16):7550-7551]
Zhang ZC,Wang MQ,Wang N,et al.Olfactory responses of Plutella xylostella to polyamines[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2006,49(1):142-145.[张志春,王满囷,王楠,等.小菜蛾对多胺的嗅觉反应[J].昆虫学报,2006,49(1):142-145]
Zheng SX,Zhang ZL,Zhu RL.Effects of chemical pesticides on spiders in ricefield[J].Natural Enemies of Insects,1985,7(2):100-103.[郑少雄,章正楼,朱瑞良.化学农药对稻田蜘蛛的影响[J].昆虫天敌,1985,7(2):100-103]