布格重力异常建模反演在二连盆地油气勘探中的应用
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摘要
二连盆地由众多小凹陷组成,伊和凹陷是其中之一.重力资料在盆地"探边摸底"、"定凹选带"等方面发挥着重要作用.本文基于布格重力异常资料,利用2.5D建模反演技术对其中横跨主洼槽的两条测线进行可视化建模及正演拟合.其中,初始模型的几何参数取自二维地震解释结果;物性参数中的纵向密度取自测井声波波速与密度的相关公式.正演拟合为建模反演技术的关键环节,密度横向变化,是在拟合过程中通过人机交互试错调整实现.通过正演拟合,揭示了主洼槽沉积层横向和纵向均存在较大的密度不均匀性,主洼槽有利于油气生成.与地震解释结果对比,二者在赛汉组-第四纪、腾格尔组深度相差不大,但凹陷底部拟合结果与地震解释结果有明显差异.通过钻井结果验证,正演拟合各沉积层深度与钻井揭示的各层深度结果一致,二维地震解释结果偏浅,其可能原因是时深转换选取的速度值偏小造成.
The Erlian basin is composed of many small sags,of which the Yihe sag is one.Gravity information plays an important role in surveys in basins such as "exploring edges and bottoms"and"determining depressions and choosing belts".Based on Bouguer gravity anomaly data,the two lines crossing the main subsags are visually modeled and forward fitted by using the2.5 Dmodeling inversion techniques.In these procedures,the geometric parameters of the initial model are taken from the two-dimensional seismic interpretation results and the longitudinal density in physical parameters is derived from the correlation formula of the acoustic velocity and density of well logging data.Forward modeling is a key part of modeling inversion,and thelateral change of density is achieved through trial-and-error adjustment of human-computer interaction in the modeling process.The results of forward modeling show that there is a large density heterogeneity in lateral and longitudinal directions of the main subsags which are favorable for oil and gas generation.Compared with the results of seismic interpretation,the depth difference of them in the Saihan Formation-Quaternary and Tengger Formation is not obvious,but the results of the bottom fitting are different from those of the seismic interpretation.Drilling verification indicates that the depth of each sedimentary layer by forward modeling is consistent with that revealed by the drilling.However,the results of the two-dimensional seismic interpretation are relatively shallower,probably because the speed of early time-depth conversion is too small.
The Erlian basin is composed of many small sags,of which the Yihe sag is one.Gravity information plays an important role in surveys in basins such as "exploring edges and bottoms"and"determining depressions and choosing belts".Based on Bouguer gravity anomaly data,the two lines crossing the main subsags are visually modeled and forward fitted by using the2.5 Dmodeling inversion techniques.In these procedures,the geometric parameters of the initial model are taken from the two-dimensional seismic interpretation results and the longitudinal density in physical parameters is derived from the correlation formula of the acoustic velocity and density of well logging data.Forward modeling is a key part of modeling inversion,and thelateral change of density is achieved through trial-and-error adjustment of human-computer interaction in the modeling process.The results of forward modeling show that there is a large density heterogeneity in lateral and longitudinal directions of the main subsags which are favorable for oil and gas generation.Compared with the results of seismic interpretation,the depth difference of them in the Saihan Formation-Quaternary and Tengger Formation is not obvious,but the results of the bottom fitting are different from those of the seismic interpretation.Drilling verification indicates that the depth of each sedimentary layer by forward modeling is consistent with that revealed by the drilling.However,the results of the two-dimensional seismic interpretation are relatively shallower,probably because the speed of early time-depth conversion is too small.
引文
Bhattacharyya B K,Navolio M E.1975.Digital convolution for computing gravity and magnetic anomalies due to arbitrary bodies.Geophysics,40(6):981-992.
Bhattacharyya B K,Navolio M E.1976.A fast Fourier transform method for rapid computation of gravity and magnetic anomalies due to arbitrary bodies.Geophysical Prospecting,24(4):633-649.
Chen S Z.1987.The mathematical simulation method of N-layered variable density model is applied to JZA area.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),22(3):237-248.
Cordell L.1973.Gravity analysis using an exponential density-depth function-San Jacinto Graben,California.Geophysics,38(4):684-690.
Cui Z Q,Wu J P,Li L,et al.2001.Structure-petrographical zonations and their oil-bearing properties of the early cretaceous in Bayindulan Sag,Erlian Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography(in Chinese),3(1):25-35.
Deng Z Q.1985.The regional bouguer gravity anomalies and oil/gas exploration in Xinjiang.Xinjiang Geology(in Chinese),3(4):11-17.
Fei B S.2001.Oil and Gas Geology of the Erlian Rift Basin Group(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1-23.
Guo W L.1982.The calculation method of gravity effect when the space of rock density changes.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),6(4):226-236.
Hao Y Q,Lin W D,Dong W H,et al.2006.Correlation of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in Yin′e basin and Erlian basin and selection of favorable prospecting zones.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),27(6):664-666.
He C L,Zhong B S.1988.A high accuracy forward method for gravity anomaly of complex body.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),10(2):121-129.
Huan H F,Wu Y G,Guan Y W,et al.2012.Deep structure iversion by measurement of verhical gradient of gravity for a profile of Changbai Mountain area.Global Geology(in Chinese),31(4):791-796.
Hubbert,King,M.1948.A line-integral method of computing the gravimetric effects of two-dimensional masses.Geophysics,13(2),215-225.
Jiang M,Ouyang Y K,Li D.1986.Gravity model of combination body with variable densities and its application.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),10(2):81-87.
Li J L,Fan T L,Zhang Y Q.2007.Sequence stratigraphy of the Bayan Qagan subbasin in the Eren Basin and applications for petroleum exploration.Journal of Geomechanics(in Chinese),13(1):60-69.
Li L L,Meng L S,Du X J,et al.2012.A quantitative method for fault gravity anomaly interpretation.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),47(4):665-667.
Li Y S,Yao C L,Guan Z N.1994.Real-time modeling of gravity and magnetic data.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),16(3):192-196.
Luo Y,Yao C L.2007.Forward method for gravity,gravity gradient and magnetic anomalies of complex body.Earth ScienceJournal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),32(4):517-522.
Murthy I V R,Rao D B.1979.Gravity anomalies of two-dimensional bodies of irregular cross-section with density contrast varying with depth.Geophysics,44(9):1525-1530.
Murthy I V R,Rao D B.1980.Gravity anomaly of irregular cross section of density difference with depth change.Liu Z P Trans.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),(2):34-39.
Rao D B.1985.Analysis of gravity anomalies over an inclined fault with quadratic density function.Pure and Applied Geophysics,123(2):250-260.
Rao D B.1986.Modelling of sedimentary basins from gravity anomalies with variable density contrast.Geophysical Journal International,84(1):207-212.
Talwani M,Worzel J L,Landisman M.1959.Rapid Gravity Computations for Two-dimensional bodies with application to the Mendocino submarine fracture zone.Journal of Geophysical Research,64(1):49-59.
Talwani M,Ewing M.1960.Rapid computation of gravitational attraction of three-dimensional bodies of arbitrary shape.Geophysics,25(1):203-225.
Tian Q N,Wu W P,Guan Z N.2001.Inversion of threedimensional human-machine interaction of arbitrary shape gravity and magnetic anomaly.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),23(2):125-129.
Wu S B,Bai Y B,Yang Y Y.2003.Sedimentary facies of the lower cretaceous of Yingen Basin in inner Mongolia.Journal of Palaeogeography(in Chinese),5(1):36-43.
Xu G D,Chen P L,Liu D X.1995.Intensification of the interpretation of bouguer gravity anomalies.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(in Chinese),22(1):117-120.
Xu S Z,Wang S R,Ren L C.1984.Three-dimensional variable density of the gravity anomaly of forward modeling.Geological and Prospecting(in Chinese),(10):44-46.
Xu S Z.1994.The Finite Element Method in Geophysics(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,215.
Yang J J,Zhang B R.1989.Geneses and geological significance of the huge gravitational highs in eastern San-Gan-Ning basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),(6):11-17.
Yao C L,Guan Z N.1997.The calculation theory and method of three dimensional geologic body magnetic field gradient.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),27(2):103-109.
Yao C L,Li Y S,Guan Z N.1998.Improvement of real-time and visualized forword and inversion of gravity and magnetic anomalies.Geoscience(in Chinese),12(1):115-123.
Yi S W,Wang Y J,Qian Z.2006.Forming pattern and distribution features of hydrocarbon reservoir in Wuliyasitai Sag of Erlian Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),27(3):27-31.
Zhang F Q,Zhu H Y,Zhang F X,et al.2008.Study and application of normalized full gradient of gravity anomalies and phase based on DCT in identifying fracture.Global Geology(in Chinese),27(1):83-88.
Zhang J Z,Zhou X X,Wang K B.2000.2-D gravity forward formula showing density variation with depth.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),35(2):202-207.
Zhu Z Q,Zeng S H,Lu G Y,et al.2010.Finite element forward simulation of the two-dimensional gravity gradient tensor.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),34(5):668-671,685.
陈胜早.1987.N层变密度模型数学模拟法在苏浙皖地区的应用.石油地球物理勘探,22(3):237-248.
崔周旗,吴健平,李莉等.2001.二连盆地巴音都兰凹陷早白垩世构造岩相带特征及含油性.古地理学报,3(1):25-35.
邓振球.1985.新疆区域布格重力异常与油气普查.新疆地质,3(4):11-17.
费宝生.2001.二连裂谷盆地群油气地质.北京:石油工业出版社,1-23.
郭武林.1982.岩石密度空间变化时重力效应的计算方法.物探与化探,6(4):226-236.
郝银全,林卫东,董伟宏等.2006.银额盆地与二连盆地成藏条件对比及有利勘探区带.新疆石油地质,27(6):664-666.
何昌礼,钟本善.1988.复杂形体的高精度重力异常正演方法.物探化探计算技术,10(2):121-129.
郇恒飞,吴燕冈,管彦武等.2012.利用实测重力垂直梯度反演长白山地区一剖面的深部构造.世界地质,31(4):791-796.
姜枚,欧阳又康,黎都.1986.变密度组合体重力模型及其应用.物探与化探,10(2):81-87.
李金良,樊太亮,张岳桥.2007.二连盆地白音查干凹陷层序地层及其油气勘探意义.地质力学学报,13(1):60-69.
李丽丽,孟令顺,杜晓娟等.2012.一种断层重力异常定量解释方法.石油地球物理勘探,47(4):665-667.
黎益仕,姚长利,管志宁.1994.重磁资料的实时正演拟合.物探化探计算技术,16(3):192-196.
骆遥,姚长利.2007.复杂形体重力场、梯度及磁场计算方法.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,32(4):517-522.
默撒I V R,罗D B.1980.密度差随深度变化的不规则截面二度体的重力异常.刘震平译.物探化探计算技术,(2):34-39.
田黔宁,吴文鹏,管志宁.2001.任意形状重磁异常三度体人机联作反演.物探化探计算技术,23(2):125-129.
吴少波,白玉宝,杨友运.2003.内蒙古银根盆地下白垩统沉积相.古地理学报,5(1):36-43.
徐公达,陈佩良,刘德秀.1995.布格重力异常的“深化”解释.成都理工学院学报,22(1):117-120.
徐世浙,王硕儒,任鲁川.1984.三维变密度体重力异常的正演.地质与勘探,(10):44-46.
徐世浙.1994.地球物理中的有限单元法.北京:科学出版社,215.
杨俊杰,张伯荣.1989.陕甘宁盆地东部巨型重力高成因及其地质意义.石油勘探与开发,(6):11-17.
姚长利,管志宁.1997.三维地质体磁场梯度计算理论与方法.中国科学(D辑),27(2):103-109.
姚长利,黎益仕,管志宁.1998.重磁异常正反演可视化实时方法技术改进.现代地质,12(1):115-123.
易士威,王元杰,钱铮.2006.二连盆地乌里雅斯太凹陷油气成藏模式及分布特征.石油学报,27(3):27-31.
张凤琴,朱洪英,张凤旭等.2008.基于DCT的重力归一化总梯度及相位在识别断裂构造中的研究与应用.世界地质,27(1):83-88.
张建中,周熙襄,王克斌.2000.密度随深度变化的二度体重力正演公式.石油地球物理勘探,35(2):202-207.
朱自强,曾思红,鲁光银等.2010.二度体的重力张量有限元正演模拟.物探与化探,34(5):668-671,685.
Bhattacharyya B K,Navolio M E.1976.A fast Fourier transform method for rapid computation of gravity and magnetic anomalies due to arbitrary bodies.Geophysical Prospecting,24(4):633-649.
Chen S Z.1987.The mathematical simulation method of N-layered variable density model is applied to JZA area.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),22(3):237-248.
Cordell L.1973.Gravity analysis using an exponential density-depth function-San Jacinto Graben,California.Geophysics,38(4):684-690.
Cui Z Q,Wu J P,Li L,et al.2001.Structure-petrographical zonations and their oil-bearing properties of the early cretaceous in Bayindulan Sag,Erlian Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography(in Chinese),3(1):25-35.
Deng Z Q.1985.The regional bouguer gravity anomalies and oil/gas exploration in Xinjiang.Xinjiang Geology(in Chinese),3(4):11-17.
Fei B S.2001.Oil and Gas Geology of the Erlian Rift Basin Group(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1-23.
Guo W L.1982.The calculation method of gravity effect when the space of rock density changes.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),6(4):226-236.
Hao Y Q,Lin W D,Dong W H,et al.2006.Correlation of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in Yin′e basin and Erlian basin and selection of favorable prospecting zones.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),27(6):664-666.
He C L,Zhong B S.1988.A high accuracy forward method for gravity anomaly of complex body.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),10(2):121-129.
Huan H F,Wu Y G,Guan Y W,et al.2012.Deep structure iversion by measurement of verhical gradient of gravity for a profile of Changbai Mountain area.Global Geology(in Chinese),31(4):791-796.
Hubbert,King,M.1948.A line-integral method of computing the gravimetric effects of two-dimensional masses.Geophysics,13(2),215-225.
Jiang M,Ouyang Y K,Li D.1986.Gravity model of combination body with variable densities and its application.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),10(2):81-87.
Li J L,Fan T L,Zhang Y Q.2007.Sequence stratigraphy of the Bayan Qagan subbasin in the Eren Basin and applications for petroleum exploration.Journal of Geomechanics(in Chinese),13(1):60-69.
Li L L,Meng L S,Du X J,et al.2012.A quantitative method for fault gravity anomaly interpretation.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),47(4):665-667.
Li Y S,Yao C L,Guan Z N.1994.Real-time modeling of gravity and magnetic data.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),16(3):192-196.
Luo Y,Yao C L.2007.Forward method for gravity,gravity gradient and magnetic anomalies of complex body.Earth ScienceJournal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),32(4):517-522.
Murthy I V R,Rao D B.1979.Gravity anomalies of two-dimensional bodies of irregular cross-section with density contrast varying with depth.Geophysics,44(9):1525-1530.
Murthy I V R,Rao D B.1980.Gravity anomaly of irregular cross section of density difference with depth change.Liu Z P Trans.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),(2):34-39.
Rao D B.1985.Analysis of gravity anomalies over an inclined fault with quadratic density function.Pure and Applied Geophysics,123(2):250-260.
Rao D B.1986.Modelling of sedimentary basins from gravity anomalies with variable density contrast.Geophysical Journal International,84(1):207-212.
Talwani M,Worzel J L,Landisman M.1959.Rapid Gravity Computations for Two-dimensional bodies with application to the Mendocino submarine fracture zone.Journal of Geophysical Research,64(1):49-59.
Talwani M,Ewing M.1960.Rapid computation of gravitational attraction of three-dimensional bodies of arbitrary shape.Geophysics,25(1):203-225.
Tian Q N,Wu W P,Guan Z N.2001.Inversion of threedimensional human-machine interaction of arbitrary shape gravity and magnetic anomaly.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),23(2):125-129.
Wu S B,Bai Y B,Yang Y Y.2003.Sedimentary facies of the lower cretaceous of Yingen Basin in inner Mongolia.Journal of Palaeogeography(in Chinese),5(1):36-43.
Xu G D,Chen P L,Liu D X.1995.Intensification of the interpretation of bouguer gravity anomalies.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(in Chinese),22(1):117-120.
Xu S Z,Wang S R,Ren L C.1984.Three-dimensional variable density of the gravity anomaly of forward modeling.Geological and Prospecting(in Chinese),(10):44-46.
Xu S Z.1994.The Finite Element Method in Geophysics(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,215.
Yang J J,Zhang B R.1989.Geneses and geological significance of the huge gravitational highs in eastern San-Gan-Ning basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),(6):11-17.
Yao C L,Guan Z N.1997.The calculation theory and method of three dimensional geologic body magnetic field gradient.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),27(2):103-109.
Yao C L,Li Y S,Guan Z N.1998.Improvement of real-time and visualized forword and inversion of gravity and magnetic anomalies.Geoscience(in Chinese),12(1):115-123.
Yi S W,Wang Y J,Qian Z.2006.Forming pattern and distribution features of hydrocarbon reservoir in Wuliyasitai Sag of Erlian Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),27(3):27-31.
Zhang F Q,Zhu H Y,Zhang F X,et al.2008.Study and application of normalized full gradient of gravity anomalies and phase based on DCT in identifying fracture.Global Geology(in Chinese),27(1):83-88.
Zhang J Z,Zhou X X,Wang K B.2000.2-D gravity forward formula showing density variation with depth.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),35(2):202-207.
Zhu Z Q,Zeng S H,Lu G Y,et al.2010.Finite element forward simulation of the two-dimensional gravity gradient tensor.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),34(5):668-671,685.
陈胜早.1987.N层变密度模型数学模拟法在苏浙皖地区的应用.石油地球物理勘探,22(3):237-248.
崔周旗,吴健平,李莉等.2001.二连盆地巴音都兰凹陷早白垩世构造岩相带特征及含油性.古地理学报,3(1):25-35.
邓振球.1985.新疆区域布格重力异常与油气普查.新疆地质,3(4):11-17.
费宝生.2001.二连裂谷盆地群油气地质.北京:石油工业出版社,1-23.
郭武林.1982.岩石密度空间变化时重力效应的计算方法.物探与化探,6(4):226-236.
郝银全,林卫东,董伟宏等.2006.银额盆地与二连盆地成藏条件对比及有利勘探区带.新疆石油地质,27(6):664-666.
何昌礼,钟本善.1988.复杂形体的高精度重力异常正演方法.物探化探计算技术,10(2):121-129.
郇恒飞,吴燕冈,管彦武等.2012.利用实测重力垂直梯度反演长白山地区一剖面的深部构造.世界地质,31(4):791-796.
姜枚,欧阳又康,黎都.1986.变密度组合体重力模型及其应用.物探与化探,10(2):81-87.
李金良,樊太亮,张岳桥.2007.二连盆地白音查干凹陷层序地层及其油气勘探意义.地质力学学报,13(1):60-69.
李丽丽,孟令顺,杜晓娟等.2012.一种断层重力异常定量解释方法.石油地球物理勘探,47(4):665-667.
黎益仕,姚长利,管志宁.1994.重磁资料的实时正演拟合.物探化探计算技术,16(3):192-196.
骆遥,姚长利.2007.复杂形体重力场、梯度及磁场计算方法.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,32(4):517-522.
默撒I V R,罗D B.1980.密度差随深度变化的不规则截面二度体的重力异常.刘震平译.物探化探计算技术,(2):34-39.
田黔宁,吴文鹏,管志宁.2001.任意形状重磁异常三度体人机联作反演.物探化探计算技术,23(2):125-129.
吴少波,白玉宝,杨友运.2003.内蒙古银根盆地下白垩统沉积相.古地理学报,5(1):36-43.
徐公达,陈佩良,刘德秀.1995.布格重力异常的“深化”解释.成都理工学院学报,22(1):117-120.
徐世浙,王硕儒,任鲁川.1984.三维变密度体重力异常的正演.地质与勘探,(10):44-46.
徐世浙.1994.地球物理中的有限单元法.北京:科学出版社,215.
杨俊杰,张伯荣.1989.陕甘宁盆地东部巨型重力高成因及其地质意义.石油勘探与开发,(6):11-17.
姚长利,管志宁.1997.三维地质体磁场梯度计算理论与方法.中国科学(D辑),27(2):103-109.
姚长利,黎益仕,管志宁.1998.重磁异常正反演可视化实时方法技术改进.现代地质,12(1):115-123.
易士威,王元杰,钱铮.2006.二连盆地乌里雅斯太凹陷油气成藏模式及分布特征.石油学报,27(3):27-31.
张凤琴,朱洪英,张凤旭等.2008.基于DCT的重力归一化总梯度及相位在识别断裂构造中的研究与应用.世界地质,27(1):83-88.
张建中,周熙襄,王克斌.2000.密度随深度变化的二度体重力正演公式.石油地球物理勘探,35(2):202-207.
朱自强,曾思红,鲁光银等.2010.二度体的重力张量有限元正演模拟.物探与化探,34(5):668-671,685.
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