人力资本向企业家才能转换的市场环境门槛效应
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摘要
通过教育提高人力资本的丰裕程度是培育企业家才能的一般性经验,但人力资本丰裕的国家是否能孕育更多的企业家?本文通过83个经济体2000—2011年跨国面板数据实证发现,人力资本能否转换为企业家才能受到多维度市场环境的制约。只有当产品市场开放度、投资自由度和法制环境高于门槛值时,人力资本才能向企业家才能转换,人力资本向企业家才能转换的效应随着劳动力自由流动程度的提高而强化。
It is a common practice to foster entrepreneurship by improving human capital through education. But can a country with abundant human capital nurture more entrepreneurs? Using the panel data of 83 economies between 2000 and 2011,this paper finds that abundant human capital endowments are in favour of entrepreneurship,but constrained by the multi-dimensional market environment. Only when product market openness,investment freedom and legal environment reach the threshold value can the human capital be converted to entrepreneurship,and the conversion effect of human capital to entrepreneurs will be strengthened with increasing workforce flow.
It is a common practice to foster entrepreneurship by improving human capital through education. But can a country with abundant human capital nurture more entrepreneurs? Using the panel data of 83 economies between 2000 and 2011,this paper finds that abundant human capital endowments are in favour of entrepreneurship,but constrained by the multi-dimensional market environment. Only when product market openness,investment freedom and legal environment reach the threshold value can the human capital be converted to entrepreneurship,and the conversion effect of human capital to entrepreneurs will be strengthened with increasing workforce flow.
引文
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[26]余桂明,回雅浦,潘红波.政治联系、寻租与地方政府财政补贴有效性[J].经济研究,2010(3):65-78.
[27] Hansen B. E.. Threshold Effects in Non-Dynamic Panels:Estimation,Testing,and Inference[J]. Journal of Econometrics,1999,93(2):345-368.
[2] Rose R C,Kumar N,Yen L L. The Dynamics of Entrepreneur’s Success Factors in Influencing Venture Growth[J]. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability,2006,11(3):25-51.
[3]魏明.企业家人力资本的自我甄别与市场配置——企业家人力资本的理论模型及其涵义[J].南开管理评论,2004(7):56-62.
[4] Davidson P. Researching Entrepreneurship(International Studies in Entrepreneurship)[M]. New York:Springer,2004.
[5]蔡宁,刘志勇.企业家成长环境理论及其启示[J].外国经济与管理,2003(10):2-7.
[6] Abetti,P. Planning and Building the Infrastructure for Technological Entrepreneurship[J]. International Journal of Technology Management,1992,7(1-2):129-139.
[7] Highfield R. And Smiley R. New Business Starts and Economic Activity:An Empirical Investigation[J]. International Journal of Industrial Organization,1987,5(3):51-66.
[8] Coase,RH. The Firm,the Market,and the Law[M].Chicago:the University of Chicago Press,1988.
[9] North,DC. Structure And Change in Economic History(1st ed)[M]. New York:Norton,1981.
[10] Minnitia M,Levesque M. Recent Developments in the Economics of Entrepreneurship[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2008,23(6):603-612.
[11] Bjrnskov C,Foss N J.,Economic Freedom and Entrepreneurial Activity:Some Cross-Country Evidence[J]. Public Choice,2008,134(3-4):307-328.
[12] Aidis. R,Estrin. S,Mickiewicz,T. Size Matters:Entrepreneurial Entry and Government[J]. Small Bus Econ,2012,39(3):119-139.
[13] Nystrm K. The Institutions of Economic Freedom and Entrepreneurship:Evidence From Panel Data[J]. Public Choice,2008,136(3):269-282.
[14] Venkataraman S. The Distinctive Domain of Entrepreneurship Research. Advances in Entrepreneurship[J].Firm Emergence and Growth,1997,3(5):119-138.
[15] Baumol W. Entrepreneurship:Productive,Unproductive and Destructive[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1990,98(2):893-921.
[16] Bowen H P,Clercq D D. Institutional Context and the Allocation of Entrepreneurial Effort[J]. Journal of International Business Studies,2008,39(4):768.
[17]曾萍,邓腾智,宋铁波.制度环境、核心能力与中国民营企业成长[J].管理学报,2013,5(10):663-670.
[18] Zweim Lier J,Brunner J K. Innovation and Growth with Rich and Poor Consumers[J]. Metroeconomica,2005,56(2):233-262.
[19] Murphy K. M.,Shleifer A.,Vishny R. W.. The Allocation of Talent:Implications for Growth[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1991,106(2):503-530.
[20]杨帆,徐长生,中国工业行业市场扭曲程度的测定[J].中国工业经济,2009(9):56-66.
[21]袁志刚,解栋栋.中国劳动力错配对TFP的影响分析[J].经济研究,2011(7):4-17.
[22]杨瑞龙.市场经济条件下诚信的制度基础[J].求是,2002(18).
[23] Hellman J.,Jones G.,Kaufman D. Size and State,Seize the day:State Capture,Corruption and Influence in Transition[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics,2003,31(4):751-773.
[24] Johnson S.,Kaufman D.. Mcmillan J.,Woodrufff. Why Do Firms Hide? Bribes and Unofficial Activity after Communism[J]. Journal of Public Economics,2000,76(3):495-520.
[25]邓建平,饶妙,曾勇.市场化环境、企业家政治特征与企业政治关联[J].管理学报,2012,6(9):936-942.
[26]余桂明,回雅浦,潘红波.政治联系、寻租与地方政府财政补贴有效性[J].经济研究,2010(3):65-78.
[27] Hansen B. E.. Threshold Effects in Non-Dynamic Panels:Estimation,Testing,and Inference[J]. Journal of Econometrics,1999,93(2):345-368.
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