谦比希铜矿东南矿区巷道掘进爆破改进思路及控制措施
|
摘要
由于谦比希铜矿东南矿区北采区巷道掘进爆破参数不合理、炸药单耗高、断面成形差、岩体块度过于破碎,导致矿山爆破成本居高不下,溜井易堵塞,严重威胁了生产掘进作业安全。为有效解决矿山掘进爆破作业中存在的技术难题,开展了矿岩质量稳定性分级和现场爆破漏斗试验,分别从调整掏槽方案、控制起爆延期时间、优化周边孔控制爆破方法等方面提出了提高爆破效果的爆破控制改进思路,并对现场施工的安全措施进行了讨论。研究表明:①矿化板岩属于第Ⅲ～Ⅳ级岩体,上盘石英岩和下盘石英岩均属于Ⅱ级岩体,基底花岗岩和下盘砾岩均属于Ⅱ级岩体,岩体条件差异较大,需根据现场岩性对爆破参数进行动态调整;②现场爆破漏斗试验确定的合理炸药单耗约1.86 kg/m~3,当前炸药单耗明显偏高,具有较大的优化空间;③斜孔掏槽在炮孔数量、单耗、爆破效果等方面较直孔掏槽具有明显的优越性,适宜开展斜孔掏槽对比试验;③矿山掘进爆破微差延期时间偏大,可采用短微差延期雷管进行优化试验;④周边孔装药结构不合理,适宜采用所提爆破改进思路进行调整,改善巷道轮廓控制效果。今后将通过多方案现场爆破对比试验,验证改进思路的可行性和可靠性,为矿山生产爆破巷道控制提供参考。
Due to the problems of unreasonable blasting parameters,high explosive consumption,poor formation of the section and little blasting fragments existed in the roadway excavation operation of the northearn part of the southeast mining area of Chambishi Copper Mine,which results in high blasting cost,the chute easily blocked,the safety operation of roadway excavation is threatened seriously.In order to solve the above technical problems existed in the operation of roadway excavation of the mine,rock mass quality stability classification is carried out based on geological survey results,the on-site blasting crater test is conducted,the improvement ideals of blasting control for improving the blasting effects is proposed from the aspects of adjusting the groove method,controlling the detonation delay time and improving the peripheral hole control blasting method.The study results show that:①the rock mass grade of mineralized slate in the mining area is Ⅲ～Ⅳ rock mass,while the upper disc quartzite and the lower disc quartzite are both belong to gradeⅡ rock mass,the basement granite and the lower conglomerates are both belong to grade Ⅱ rock mass,the rock mass conditions vary greatly,so the blasting parameters should be dynamically adjusted according to the rock mass conditions on site;②based on the blasting crater test results,reasonable explosive unit consumption is determined as 1.86 kg/m~3 more or less,the current consumption of explosives is obviously high,the optimization space is relatively large;③compared with the vertical hole blasting,the inclined hole slotting blasting has obvious superiority in the number of blasting holes,unit consumption,blasting effect,etc.,it is suitable for conducting inclined hole gutter comparison test;④at present,differential delay time of mine excavation blasting is too long,and the optimization tests with the short differential delay detonator should be conducted;⑤charge structure of the peripheral holes is unreasonable,it is suitable to adjust by the scheme proposed in this paper to improve the blasting control effect of the roadway.The feasibility and reliability of the technical solution will be verified by conducting a multi-program on-site blasting comparison tests,so as to provide guidance for the control of mine roadway blasting quality.
Due to the problems of unreasonable blasting parameters,high explosive consumption,poor formation of the section and little blasting fragments existed in the roadway excavation operation of the northearn part of the southeast mining area of Chambishi Copper Mine,which results in high blasting cost,the chute easily blocked,the safety operation of roadway excavation is threatened seriously.In order to solve the above technical problems existed in the operation of roadway excavation of the mine,rock mass quality stability classification is carried out based on geological survey results,the on-site blasting crater test is conducted,the improvement ideals of blasting control for improving the blasting effects is proposed from the aspects of adjusting the groove method,controlling the detonation delay time and improving the peripheral hole control blasting method.The study results show that:①the rock mass grade of mineralized slate in the mining area is Ⅲ～Ⅳ rock mass,while the upper disc quartzite and the lower disc quartzite are both belong to gradeⅡ rock mass,the basement granite and the lower conglomerates are both belong to grade Ⅱ rock mass,the rock mass conditions vary greatly,so the blasting parameters should be dynamically adjusted according to the rock mass conditions on site;②based on the blasting crater test results,reasonable explosive unit consumption is determined as 1.86 kg/m~3 more or less,the current consumption of explosives is obviously high,the optimization space is relatively large;③compared with the vertical hole blasting,the inclined hole slotting blasting has obvious superiority in the number of blasting holes,unit consumption,blasting effect,etc.,it is suitable for conducting inclined hole gutter comparison test;④at present,differential delay time of mine excavation blasting is too long,and the optimization tests with the short differential delay detonator should be conducted;⑤charge structure of the peripheral holes is unreasonable,it is suitable to adjust by the scheme proposed in this paper to improve the blasting control effect of the roadway.The feasibility and reliability of the technical solution will be verified by conducting a multi-program on-site blasting comparison tests,so as to provide guidance for the control of mine roadway blasting quality.
引文
[1]单仁亮,黄宝龙,高文蛟,等.岩巷掘进准直眼掏槽爆破新技术应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):224-232.Shan Renliang,Huang Baolong,Gao Wenjiao,et al.Case studies of new technology application of quasi-parallel cut blasting in rock roadway drivage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(2):224-232.
[2]单仁亮,高文蛟.准直眼强力掏槽的方法:CN101261103[P].2008-09-10.Shan Renliang,Gao Wenjiao.Method of quasiparallel strong cutting:CN101261103[P].2008-09-10.
[3]杨国梁,姜琳琳,杨仁树.复式楔形深孔掏槽爆破研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(5):755-760.Yang Guoliang,Jiang Linlin,Yang Renshu.Investigation of cut blasting with duplex wedge deep holes[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technonlogy,2013,42(5):755-760.
[4]李盟,朱哲明,肖定军,等.煤矿岩巷爆破掘进过程中周边眼对裂纹扩展止裂机理[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(7):1691-1699.Li Meng,Zhu Zheming,Xiao Dingjun,et al.Mechanism of crack arrest by peripheral holes during mine rock roadway excavation under blasting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(7):1691-1699.
[5]高文乐,周奥博,张强.坚硬岩石巷道爆破掘进参数优化[J].爆破,2015,32(2):64-67.Gao Wenle,Zhou Aobo,Zhang Qiang.Parameters optimization on tunnel blasting in hard rock[J].Blasting,2015,32(2):64-67.
[6]汪海波,宗琦.煤矿软岩巷道掘进爆破振动特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(S2):3876-3881.Wang Haibo,Zong Qi.Study of blasting vibration character of soft rock roadway excavation in coalmine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(S2):3876-3881.
[7]许宏发,陈锋,王斌,等.岩体分级BQ与RMR的关系及其力学参数估计[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(1):195-198.Xu Hongfa,Chen Feng,Wang Bin,et al.Relationship between RMR and BQ for rock mass classification and estimation of its mechanical parameters[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(1):195-198.
[8]邬爱清,柳赋铮.国标《工程岩体分级标准》的应用与进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(8):1513-1523.Wu Aiqing,Liu Fuzheng.Advancement and application of the standard of engineering classification of rock masses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(8):1513-1523.
[9]臧秀平,阮含婷,李萍,等.岩体分级考虑因素的现状与趋势分析[J].岩土力学,2007,28(10):2245-2248.Zang Xiuping,Ruan Hanting,Li Ping,et al.Status quo and trends analysis of factors considered in rock mass classification methods[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(10):2245-2248.
[10]杨国梁,冯栋凯,冀文欢,等.不同掏槽形式成腔过程比较数值分析[J].爆破,2015,32(2):59-63.Yang Guoliang,Feng Dongkai,Ji Wenhuan,et al.Numerical analysis of comparison of cavities formation by different cutting patterns[J].Blasting,2015,32(2):59-63.
[11]单仁亮,黄宝龙,蔚振廷,等.岩巷掘进准直眼掏槽爆破模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):256-264.Shan Renliang,Huang Baolong,Wei Zhenting,et al.Model test of quasi-parallel cut blasting in rock drivage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(2):256-264.
[12]曹湖,徐海峰.小断面岩石巷道掏槽爆破参数优化实验[J].工程爆破,2017,23(4):39-43.Cao Hu,Xu Haifeng.Parameters optimization experiment of cut blasting for small section rock tunnel[J].Engineering Blasting,2017,23(4):39-43.
[13]汪旭光.爆破设计与施工[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2015.Wang Xuguang.Blasting Design and Construction[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2015.
[14]林大能,陈寿如.空孔直眼掏槽成腔模型理论与实践分析[J].岩土力学,2005,26(3):479-483.Lin Daneng,Chen Shouru.Experimental and theoretical study of parallel hole cut blasting with cavity[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(3):479-483.
[15]Katsabanis P D,Tawadrous A,Braun C,et al.Timing effects on the fragmentation of small scale blocks of granodiorite[J].The International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation,2006,10(1):83-93.
[16]Zhang Z X,Naarttij?rvi T.Reducing ground vibrations caused by underground blasts in LKAB Malmberget Mine[J].The International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation,2005,9(2):61-78.
[17]Ouchterlony F.Prediction of crack lengths in rock after cautious blasting with zero inter-hole delay[J].The International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation,1997,1:417-44.
[18]王玉杰.爆破工程[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2007.Wang Yujie.Blasting Engineering[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology Press,2007.
[19]Yi H B,Liu W Z,Zhang X L,et al.Study on deformation mechanism of high stress and broken roadway and its controlling measures[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2014:1798-1803.
[20]张西良,刘为洲,仪海豹,等.一种巷道掘进周边孔均能爆破的方法:201610978336.4[P].2017-01-25.Zhang Xiliang,Liu Weizhou,Yi Haibao,et al.An uniform energy blasting method for peripheral holes of roadway excavation:201610978336.4[P].2017-01-25.
[2]单仁亮,高文蛟.准直眼强力掏槽的方法:CN101261103[P].2008-09-10.Shan Renliang,Gao Wenjiao.Method of quasiparallel strong cutting:CN101261103[P].2008-09-10.
[3]杨国梁,姜琳琳,杨仁树.复式楔形深孔掏槽爆破研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(5):755-760.Yang Guoliang,Jiang Linlin,Yang Renshu.Investigation of cut blasting with duplex wedge deep holes[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technonlogy,2013,42(5):755-760.
[4]李盟,朱哲明,肖定军,等.煤矿岩巷爆破掘进过程中周边眼对裂纹扩展止裂机理[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(7):1691-1699.Li Meng,Zhu Zheming,Xiao Dingjun,et al.Mechanism of crack arrest by peripheral holes during mine rock roadway excavation under blasting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(7):1691-1699.
[5]高文乐,周奥博,张强.坚硬岩石巷道爆破掘进参数优化[J].爆破,2015,32(2):64-67.Gao Wenle,Zhou Aobo,Zhang Qiang.Parameters optimization on tunnel blasting in hard rock[J].Blasting,2015,32(2):64-67.
[6]汪海波,宗琦.煤矿软岩巷道掘进爆破振动特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(S2):3876-3881.Wang Haibo,Zong Qi.Study of blasting vibration character of soft rock roadway excavation in coalmine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(S2):3876-3881.
[7]许宏发,陈锋,王斌,等.岩体分级BQ与RMR的关系及其力学参数估计[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(1):195-198.Xu Hongfa,Chen Feng,Wang Bin,et al.Relationship between RMR and BQ for rock mass classification and estimation of its mechanical parameters[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(1):195-198.
[8]邬爱清,柳赋铮.国标《工程岩体分级标准》的应用与进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(8):1513-1523.Wu Aiqing,Liu Fuzheng.Advancement and application of the standard of engineering classification of rock masses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(8):1513-1523.
[9]臧秀平,阮含婷,李萍,等.岩体分级考虑因素的现状与趋势分析[J].岩土力学,2007,28(10):2245-2248.Zang Xiuping,Ruan Hanting,Li Ping,et al.Status quo and trends analysis of factors considered in rock mass classification methods[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(10):2245-2248.
[10]杨国梁,冯栋凯,冀文欢,等.不同掏槽形式成腔过程比较数值分析[J].爆破,2015,32(2):59-63.Yang Guoliang,Feng Dongkai,Ji Wenhuan,et al.Numerical analysis of comparison of cavities formation by different cutting patterns[J].Blasting,2015,32(2):59-63.
[11]单仁亮,黄宝龙,蔚振廷,等.岩巷掘进准直眼掏槽爆破模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):256-264.Shan Renliang,Huang Baolong,Wei Zhenting,et al.Model test of quasi-parallel cut blasting in rock drivage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(2):256-264.
[12]曹湖,徐海峰.小断面岩石巷道掏槽爆破参数优化实验[J].工程爆破,2017,23(4):39-43.Cao Hu,Xu Haifeng.Parameters optimization experiment of cut blasting for small section rock tunnel[J].Engineering Blasting,2017,23(4):39-43.
[13]汪旭光.爆破设计与施工[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2015.Wang Xuguang.Blasting Design and Construction[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2015.
[14]林大能,陈寿如.空孔直眼掏槽成腔模型理论与实践分析[J].岩土力学,2005,26(3):479-483.Lin Daneng,Chen Shouru.Experimental and theoretical study of parallel hole cut blasting with cavity[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(3):479-483.
[15]Katsabanis P D,Tawadrous A,Braun C,et al.Timing effects on the fragmentation of small scale blocks of granodiorite[J].The International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation,2006,10(1):83-93.
[16]Zhang Z X,Naarttij?rvi T.Reducing ground vibrations caused by underground blasts in LKAB Malmberget Mine[J].The International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation,2005,9(2):61-78.
[17]Ouchterlony F.Prediction of crack lengths in rock after cautious blasting with zero inter-hole delay[J].The International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation,1997,1:417-44.
[18]王玉杰.爆破工程[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2007.Wang Yujie.Blasting Engineering[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology Press,2007.
[19]Yi H B,Liu W Z,Zhang X L,et al.Study on deformation mechanism of high stress and broken roadway and its controlling measures[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2014:1798-1803.
[20]张西良,刘为洲,仪海豹,等.一种巷道掘进周边孔均能爆破的方法:201610978336.4[P].2017-01-25.Zhang Xiliang,Liu Weizhou,Yi Haibao,et al.An uniform energy blasting method for peripheral holes of roadway excavation:201610978336.4[P].2017-01-25.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |