基于砾钢渣+橡胶颗粒的新型填料动剪切模量与阻尼比特性试验
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摘要
为了解决固体废弃物循环利用问题,提出将废旧轮胎橡胶颗粒掺入废弃钢渣中形成新型土工填料。为了了解该新型填料的动力特性,采用共振柱试验对基于钢渣+橡胶颗粒的新型土工填料的动剪切模量和阻尼比特性开展研究。首先分析围压与橡胶颗粒含量对新型填料动剪切模量和阻尼比的影响,试验结果表明:动剪切模量和阻尼比与剪应变的关系类似传统土类,动剪切模量随着剪应变的增大而减小,阻尼比则随着剪应变的增加而增大,变化曲线趋势基本一致;新型填料的动剪切模量随着钢渣含量的减少和橡胶颗粒含量的增加而逐渐减小,橡胶颗粒含量达到20%时,动剪切模量与剪应变的关系曲线低缓显著,新型填料中橡胶颗粒不宜掺入太多。然后,基于Hardin-drnevich双曲线模型建立新型填料的动力特性理论模型,Hardin-drnevich双曲线模型能够较好地模拟新型填料动剪切模量归一化的数据,并对新型填料参考剪应变随橡胶含量的变化趋势进行了预测。最后,将新型填料的最大动剪切模量与纯钢渣、南京砂和福建标准砂的最大动剪切模量进行比较。分析结果表明:新型填料的橡胶颗粒含量不宜超出15%,这种新型填料动剪切模量适中,阻尼比较大,具有较好的抗震减震能力,能够替代砂土成为一种回填材料。
To solve the problem of the recycling of industrial solid wastes, a new type of geo-filler was developed that was composed of rubber particles and waste steel slag. The dynamic characteristics of the new geo-filler were examined through resonant column tests. The effects of confining pressures and rubber particle corporation ratios were analyzed on the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of the new geo-filler. The relationship between the dynamic shear modulus and shear strain as well as that between the damping ratio and shear strain of the new geo-filler are found to be similar to those of traditional soils. The dynamic shear moduli decrease and the damping ratios increase with increasing shear strain, and the vibration trend of the relationship curves is coincident. The dynamic shear moduli decrease with increasing rubber particle content and decreasing steel slag content. When the rubber particle content of the new geo-filler is 20%, the relationship curves between the dynamic shear modulus and shear strain clearly decline. This reveals that the rubber particle content of the new geo-filler cannot be too high. The Hardin-Drnevich model was applied to describe the dynamic model of new geo-filler and could simulate the dynamic data very well. In addition, the tendency distributions of reference strains of the new geo-filler were predicted by changing the rubber corporation ratios. The maximum dynamic shear moduli of the new geo-filler were compared with steel slag, Nanjing sand, and standard sand. The results show that the highest corporation ratio of rubber particles in the new geo-filler is 15%. When the corporation ratio of rubber particles is not greater than 15%, the dynamic shear moduli of the new geo-filler is moderate and the damping ratios are relatively large. These results indicate that the new geo-filler has better seismic resistance and damping capacity and can thus be used as a backfill material to replace sand.
To solve the problem of the recycling of industrial solid wastes, a new type of geo-filler was developed that was composed of rubber particles and waste steel slag. The dynamic characteristics of the new geo-filler were examined through resonant column tests. The effects of confining pressures and rubber particle corporation ratios were analyzed on the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of the new geo-filler. The relationship between the dynamic shear modulus and shear strain as well as that between the damping ratio and shear strain of the new geo-filler are found to be similar to those of traditional soils. The dynamic shear moduli decrease and the damping ratios increase with increasing shear strain, and the vibration trend of the relationship curves is coincident. The dynamic shear moduli decrease with increasing rubber particle content and decreasing steel slag content. When the rubber particle content of the new geo-filler is 20%, the relationship curves between the dynamic shear modulus and shear strain clearly decline. This reveals that the rubber particle content of the new geo-filler cannot be too high. The Hardin-Drnevich model was applied to describe the dynamic model of new geo-filler and could simulate the dynamic data very well. In addition, the tendency distributions of reference strains of the new geo-filler were predicted by changing the rubber corporation ratios. The maximum dynamic shear moduli of the new geo-filler were compared with steel slag, Nanjing sand, and standard sand. The results show that the highest corporation ratio of rubber particles in the new geo-filler is 15%. When the corporation ratio of rubber particles is not greater than 15%, the dynamic shear moduli of the new geo-filler is moderate and the damping ratios are relatively large. These results indicate that the new geo-filler has better seismic resistance and damping capacity and can thus be used as a backfill material to replace sand.
引文
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[2] TSAI W T.Analysis of the Sustainability of Reusing Industrial Wastes as Energy Source in the Industrial Sector of Taiwan [J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2010,18:1440-1445.
[3] 邓永锋,赵余,刘倩雯,等.钢渣的硅系与复合系激发及其在软土固化中的应用 [J].中国公路学报,2018,31(11):11-20.DENG Yong-feng,ZHAO Yu,LIU Qian-wen,et al.Na2SiO4-and Cement-based Activation on Steel Slag and Its Application in Soft-soil Stabilization [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2018,31 (11):11-20.
[4] 吴子龙,朱向阳,邓永锋,等.掺入钢渣与偏高岭土水泥改性土的性能与微观机制[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(9):18-26.WU Zi-long,ZHU Xiang-yang,DENG Yong-feng,et al.Behavior and Micro-mechanism of Cement-based Modified Compaction Soil Composed of Steel Slag and Metakaolin [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2017,30 (9):18-26.
[5] 王丽艳,曹晓婷,王炳辉,等.基于钢渣+橡胶颗粒抗剪强度特性试验[J].中国公路学报,2018,31(5):34-41.WANG Li-yan,CAO Xiao-ting,WANG Bing-hui,et al.Experiment on Shear Strength of a New Geo-material Consisting of Steel Slag and Rubble Particles [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2018,31 (5):34-41.
[6] FENG Z Y,SUTTER K G.Dynamic Properties of Granulated Rubber/Sand Mixtures [J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,2000,23 (3):338-344.
[7] 李庆冰.橡胶水泥土动力特性的试验研究[D].沈阳:沈阳建筑大学,2011.LI Qing-bing.Experimental Research on Dynamic Characteristics of Tireized Cement-soil [D].Shen-yang:Shenyang Jianzhu University,2011.
[8] SENETAKIS K,ANASTASIADIS A,PITILAKIS K.Dynamic Properties of Dry Sand/Rubber (SRM) and Gravel/Rubber (GRM) Mixtures in a Wide Range of Shearing Strain Amplitudes [J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2012,33:38-53.
[9] SIM W W,TOWHATA I,YAMADA S,et al.Shaking Table Tests Modeling Small Diameter Pipes Crossing a Vertical Fault [J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2012,35:59-71.
[10] SHRESTHA S,RAVICHANDRAN N,RAVEENDRA M,et al.Design and Analysis of Retaining Wall Backfilled with Shredded Tire and Subjected to Earthquake Shaking [J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2016,90:227-239.
[11] VARENYA K D M,HOBI K,UMASHANKAR B,et al.Pullout Capacity of Ladder-type Metal Reinforcements in Tire Shred-sand Mixtures [J].Construction and Building Materials,2016,113:544-552.
[12] 邓安,冯金荣.砂-轮胎橡胶颗粒轻质土工填料试验研究[J].建筑材料学报,2010,13(1):116-120.DENG An,FENG Jin-rong.Experimental Study on Sand-shredded Tire Lightweight Fills [J].Journal of Building Materials,2010,13 (1):116-120.
[13] 尚守平,岁小溪,周志锦,等.橡胶颗粒-砂混合物动剪切模量的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,32(2):377-381.SHANG Shou-ping,SUI Xiao-xi,ZHOU Zhi-jin,et al.Study of Dynamic Shear Modulus of Granulated Tire-sand Mixture [J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,32 (2):377-381.
[14] 刘方成,吴孟桃,陈巨龙,等.土工格室加筋对橡胶砂动力特性影响的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2016,37(12):1-11.LIU Fang-cheng,WU Meng-tao,CHEN Ju-long,et al.Experimental Study on Influence of Geo-cell Reinforcing on Dynamic Properties of Tire Sand Mixtures [J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,37 (12):1-11.
[15] LI W,LANG L,WANG D,et al.Investigation on the Dynamic Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Steel Slag Sand Mixtures [J].Construction and Building Materials,2018,162 (2):170-180.
[16] YADU L,TRIPATHI D R K.Effect of the Length of Geogrid Layers in the Bearing Capacity Ratio of Geogrid Reinforced Granular Fill-soft Subgrade Soil System [J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2013,104:225-234.
[17] 王丽艳,黄宝涛,高鹏,等.一种以工业废弃物为原料的土工填料及其制备方法和应用:中国,ZL20131 0186058.5[P].2015-05-13.WANG Li-yan,HUANG Bao-tao,GAO Peng,et al.A Geo-filler Consisting of Industrial Wastes and Its Preparation Method and Engineering Application:China,ZL20131 0186058.5 [P].2015-05-13.
[18] SHAHBAZI M,ROWSHANZAMIR M,ABTAHI S M.Optimization of Carpet Waste Fibers and Steel Slag Particles to Reinforce Expansive Soil Using Response Surface Methodology [J].Applied Clay Science,2016,12:1-8.
[19] INDRARATNA B,QI Y J,HEITOR A.Evaluating the Properties of Mixtures of Steel Furnace Slag,Coal Wash,and Rubber Crumbs Used as Subballast [J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2018,30 (1):04017251.
[20] QI Y J,INDRARATNA B,HEITOR A,et al.Effect of Rubber Crumbs on the Cyclic Behavior of Steel Furnace Slag and Coal Wash Mixtures [J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2018,144 (2):04017107.
[21] 王炳辉,陈国兴,胡庆兴.南京细砂动剪切模量比与阻尼比的试验研究[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(9):7-15.WANG Bing-hui,CHEN Guo-xing,HU Qing-xing.Experiment of Dynamic Shear Modulus and Damping of Nanjing Fine Sand [J].World Earthquake Engineering,2010,26 (9):7-15.
[22] 袁晓铭,孙悦,孙静,等.常规土类动剪切模量和阻尼比的试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):1023-1027.YUAN Xiao-ming,SUN Yue,SUN Jing,et al.Laboratory Experimental Study on Dynamic Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Soils [J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2000,20 (4):1023-1027.