沙尘和遮阴复合胁迫对西梅叶片光合作用的影响
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摘要
以5a生西梅为研究材料,对其叶片进行轻度沙尘+遮阴复合(1mg·cm~(-2)沙尘+白色纱网1层)和重度沙尘+遮阴复合(5mg·cm~(-2)沙尘+白色纱网3层)两种处理,分别在胁迫10、20、30和40d时测定其光合、叶绿素荧光等参数,探讨长时间沙尘和遮阴复合胁迫下西梅(Prunus domestica L.)叶片光合性能的变化机制。结果表明,两种处理下,随着胁迫时间的延长,总叶绿素(Chl)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)及叶绿素b(Chl-b)含量均表现为降低趋势。净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)和气孔导度(G_s)、水分利用效率(WUE)随处理时间的延长而下降,胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)呈现先下降后上升的趋势,最大荧光(F_m)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、潜在活性(F_v/F_0)、光化学淬灭(qP)呈下降趋势,初始荧光(F_0)、非光学淬灭(NPQ)呈上升趋势。说明沙尘和遮阴复合处理前期气孔因素是西梅光合作用的主要限制因素,处理后期复合胁迫使光合机构受到损伤,非气孔因素成为主要限制因素。复合胁迫影响了西梅叶片的光合参数,但并未对西梅叶片光反应系统造成不可逆的破坏。
In order to investigate the change mechanism of photosynthetic characteristics of Prunus domestica L.under long-term dust and shading combined stress, the five-year-old Prunus domestica L. was used as research material to lightly dust and shade the leaves. Composite(1 mg·cm~(-2) dust + white gauze 1 layer) and heavy dust and shading composite(5 mg·cm~(-2) dust + white gauze 3 layers) were treated, and their photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, etc. were measured at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days of stress, respectively. The results showed that the contents of total chlorophyll(Chl), chlorophyll a(Chl-a) and chlorophyll b(Chl-b) decreased with the increase of stress time. Net photosynthetic rate(P_n), transpiration rate(T_r) and stomatal conductance(G_s), water use efficiency(WUE) decreased with the prolongation of treatment time, and intercellular CO_2 concentration(C_i) showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. Fluorescence(F_m), PSII maximum photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m),potential activity(F_v/F_0), Photochemical quenching(qP) showed a downward trend, initial fluorescence(F_0),Non-photochemical quenching(NPQ) increased trend. It is indicated that the stomatal factors in the early stage of sand and shading combined treatment are the main limiting factors for photosynthesis of prune. The latent treatment causes damage to photosynthetic apparatus, and non-stomatal factors become the main limiting factor. The compound stress affected the photosynthetic parameters of Prunus domestica L. leaves, but did not cause irreversible damage to the photoreaction system of Prunus domestica L. leaves.
In order to investigate the change mechanism of photosynthetic characteristics of Prunus domestica L.under long-term dust and shading combined stress, the five-year-old Prunus domestica L. was used as research material to lightly dust and shade the leaves. Composite(1 mg·cm~(-2) dust + white gauze 1 layer) and heavy dust and shading composite(5 mg·cm~(-2) dust + white gauze 3 layers) were treated, and their photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, etc. were measured at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days of stress, respectively. The results showed that the contents of total chlorophyll(Chl), chlorophyll a(Chl-a) and chlorophyll b(Chl-b) decreased with the increase of stress time. Net photosynthetic rate(P_n), transpiration rate(T_r) and stomatal conductance(G_s), water use efficiency(WUE) decreased with the prolongation of treatment time, and intercellular CO_2 concentration(C_i) showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. Fluorescence(F_m), PSII maximum photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m),potential activity(F_v/F_0), Photochemical quenching(qP) showed a downward trend, initial fluorescence(F_0),Non-photochemical quenching(NPQ) increased trend. It is indicated that the stomatal factors in the early stage of sand and shading combined treatment are the main limiting factors for photosynthesis of prune. The latent treatment causes damage to photosynthetic apparatus, and non-stomatal factors become the main limiting factor. The compound stress affected the photosynthetic parameters of Prunus domestica L. leaves, but did not cause irreversible damage to the photoreaction system of Prunus domestica L. leaves.
引文
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[2]翟浩明,石晶.塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘地区生态林业效益分析与发展路径研究[J].干旱区地理,2017,40(2):462-468.Zhai H M,Shi J.Study on the benefit analysis and development path of ecological forestry in the edge of taklimakan desert[J].Arid Land Geography,2017,40(2):462-468.(in Chinese)
[3]Farmer A M.The effects of dust on vegetation-a review[J].Environmental Pollution,1993,79(1):63-75.
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[5]毕可军,廖康,李疆.新疆果树产业的现状及发展对策分析[J].新疆农业大学学报,2002,25(S1):57-61.Bi K J,Liao K,Li J.Analysis of the status quo and development countermeasures of Xinjiang fruit industry[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2002,25(S1):57-61.(in Chinese)
[6]缑倩倩,韩致文,杜鹤强,等.中国沙尘暴源区及其治理研究述评[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(6):1559-1564.Hou Q Q,Han Z W,Du H Q,et al.Review of China's dust storm area and its governance research[J].China Desert,2012,32(6):1559-1564.(in Chinese)
[7]Naidoo G,Chirkoot D.The effects of coal dust on photosynthetic performance of the mangrove,Avicennia marina in Richards Bay,South Africa[J].Environ Pollut,2004,127(3):359-366.
[8]王孟辉,巴特尔·巴克,薛亚荣,等.短时沙尘、遮阴及沙尘遮阴复合胁迫对山楂光合和荧光特性的影响[J].经济林研究,2018,36(2):121-126.Wang M H,Bater B,Xue Y R,et al.Effects of short-term dust,shading and dust-shading combined stress on photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics of hawthorn[J].Economic Forest Research,2018,36(2):121-126.(in Chinese)
[9]肖润林,王久荣,单武雄,等.不同遮阴水平对茶树光合环境及茶叶品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(6):6-11.Xiao R L,Wang J R,Shan W X,et al.Effects of different shade levels on photosynthetic environment and tea quality of tea trees[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2007,15(6):6-11.(in Chinese)
[10]吕晋慧,王玄,冯雁梦,等.遮荫对金莲花光合特性和叶片解剖特征的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(19):6033-6043.Lv J H,Wang X,Feng Y M,et al.Effects of shading on photosynthetic characteristics and leaf anatomical characteristics of nasturtium[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(19):6033-6043.(in Chinese)
[11]任梦露,刘卫国,刘小明,等.荫蔽信号对大豆幼苗生长和光合特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(4):499-505.Ren M L,Liu W G,Liu X M,et al.Effects of shading signal on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of soybean seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2016,24(4):499-505.(in Chinese)
[12]熊宇,杨再强,薛晓萍,等.遮光处理对温室黄瓜幼龄植株叶片光合参数的影响[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(2):222-230.Xiong Y,Yang Z Q,Xue X P,et al.Effects of shading on photosynthetic parameters of cucumber young plants in greenhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2016,37(2):222-230.(in Chinese)
[13]李凯伟,杨再强,肖芳,等.寡照胁迫对设施葡萄叶片光合特性的影响及评价[J].中国农业气象,2017,38(12):801-811.Li K W,Yang Z Q,Xiao F,et al.Effects and evaluation of oligo-light stress on photosynthetic characteristics of grapevine leaves[J].Chinese Journal of Agromete Sinica,2017,38(12):801-811.(in Chinese)
[14]同宁环,徐怀德,王林刚,等.西梅果皮色素提取及其稳定性研究[J]西北农林科技大学学报,2007,35(2):160-166.Tong N H,Xu H D,Wang L G,et al.Study on pigment extraction and stability of prune peel[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University,2007,35(2):160-166.(in Chinese)
[15]王孟辉,巴特尔·巴克,康丽娟,等.沙尘胁迫对榅桲叶片光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中国农业气象,2018,39(10):685-692.Wang M H,Batur B,Kang L J,et al.Effect of dust stress on the photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Cydonia oblonga Mill[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Meteorology,2018,39(10):685-692.(in Chinese)
[16]何芳.沙尘覆盖对库尔勒香梨光合生理的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2013.He F.Effects of dust cover on photosynthetic physiology of Korla pear[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
[17]帕提古力·麦麦提.沙尘和遮阴复合胁迫对阿月浑子叶片光合生理的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2013.Pattigul M.Effects of combined dust and shading stress on photosynthetic physiology of Pistachio leaves[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
[18]刘家尧,刘新.植物生理学实验教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010:13-14.Liu J Y,Liu X.Experimental course of plant physiology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010:13-14.(in Chinese)
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