四川省典型工业行业PM_(2.5)成分谱分析
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摘要
利用荷电低压颗粒物撞击器(ELPI+)对四川省水泥行业、玻璃行业、陶瓷行业、砖瓦行业、燃煤锅炉、生物质锅炉、电厂、钢铁行业等典型行业开展排放特征测试,通过组分分析,获取各行业PM_(2.5)成分特征谱.结果表明:①水泥、玻璃、陶瓷、砖瓦等建材行业均以Si、Ca、Mg等元素为主要排放组分,双碱法脱硫SO_4~(2-)排放占比高于其他脱硫工艺;②电厂PM_(2.5)中SO_4~(2-)、Ca~(2+)、NH_4~+、Mg和Si为特征组分;燃煤锅炉中OC、Al、Si和Ca等为特征组分;③OC和EC是生物质锅炉PM_(2.5)主要排放组分,成型生物质燃料锅炉中K排放占比也较高,非成型生物质燃料锅炉中Cl~-排放占比为所有行业中最高;④钢铁行业中Ca含量最高,为18. 11%,其次为SO_4~(2-)、Na~+和Fe.
An electrical low pressure impactor particle monitor was used to monitor typical industries in Sichuan Province,such as cement,glass,ceramic,brick-tile,coal-fired boiler,biomass boiler,power plant,and steel industry. Fine particulate matter source profiles of each industry were developed based on the laboratory analysis. The results showed that Si,Ca,and Mg were the major elements of building industry particulate matter emission. Sulfate emission from double sodium-calcium was higher than from other desulfurization technologies in the building industry. The main chemical components of PM_(2.5) from power plants were SO_4~(2-),Ca~(2+),NH_4~+,Mg,and Si,while OC,Al,Si,and Ca were the main chemical components of PM_(2.5) from coal-fired boilers. The content of OC was the most abundant in biomass briquette boiler particulate matter emissions,followed by K and EC. In term of the biomass fuel boiler PM_(2.5) source profile,OC,EC,and Cl~-were the major chemical components. Ca was the largest component of PM_(2.5) from the steel industry,accounting for 18. 11% of the total PM_(2.5) emission,followed by SO_4~(2-),Na~+,and Fe.
An electrical low pressure impactor particle monitor was used to monitor typical industries in Sichuan Province,such as cement,glass,ceramic,brick-tile,coal-fired boiler,biomass boiler,power plant,and steel industry. Fine particulate matter source profiles of each industry were developed based on the laboratory analysis. The results showed that Si,Ca,and Mg were the major elements of building industry particulate matter emission. Sulfate emission from double sodium-calcium was higher than from other desulfurization technologies in the building industry. The main chemical components of PM_(2.5) from power plants were SO_4~(2-),Ca~(2+),NH_4~+,Mg,and Si,while OC,Al,Si,and Ca were the main chemical components of PM_(2.5) from coal-fired boilers. The content of OC was the most abundant in biomass briquette boiler particulate matter emissions,followed by K and EC. In term of the biomass fuel boiler PM_(2.5) source profile,OC,EC,and Cl~-were the major chemical components. Ca was the largest component of PM_(2.5) from the steel industry,accounting for 18. 11% of the total PM_(2.5) emission,followed by SO_4~(2-),Na~+,and Fe.
引文
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[18]王书肖,赵秀娟,李兴华,等.工业燃煤链条炉细粒子排放特征研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(4):963-968.Wang S X,Zhao X J,Li X H,et al.Emission characteristics of fine particles from grate firing boilers[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(4):963-968.
[19]李松,郎建垒,程水源,等.典型固定燃烧源颗粒物成分谱特征研究[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(5):312-319.Li S,Lang J L,Cheng S Y,et al.Analysis of the profiles'characteristic features of the particulate matters in regard to the stationary coal combustion sources[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2016,16(5):312-319.
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[21]朱恒,戴璐泓,魏雅,等.生物质燃烧排放PM2.5中无机离子及有机组分的分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(12):4483-4491.Zhu H,Dai L H,Wei Y,et al.Characteristics of inorganic ions and organic components in PM2.5from biomass burning[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(12):4483-4491.
[22]宋兴飞,朱少飞,黄兵,等.生物质燃烧过程中氯及钾析出特性研究[J].太阳能学报,2015,36(10):2543-2547.Song X F,Zhu S F,Huang B,et al.Study of emission characteristics of chlorine and potassium in biomass combustion[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2015,36(10):2543-2547.
[23]刘刚,黄柯,李久海,等.树木模拟燃烧排放烟尘中水溶性离子的组成[J].环境科学,2016,37(10):3737-3742.Liu G,Huang K,Li J H,et al.Chemical composition of watersoluble ions in smoke emitted from tree branch combustion[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(10):3737-3742.
[24]于清章,吴霁虹,郭积铖.高氯化聚乙烯防腐涂料在防腐领域中的应用[J].涂料工业,2010,40(8):63-65.Yu Q Z,Wu Q H,Guo J C.Application of high chlorinated polyethylene coatings in corrosion protection[J].Paint&Coatings Industry,2010,40(8):63-65.
[25]孙英明,吴建会,马咸,等.烧结工艺颗粒物中水溶性离子排放特性分析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(8):2270-2274.Sun Y M,Wu J H,Ma W,et al.Emission characteristics of water-soluble ions in the particulate matters from sintering process[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(8):2270-2274.
[26]包贞,冯银厂,焦荔,等.杭州市大气PM2.5和PM10污染特征及来源解析[J].中国环境监测,2010,26(2):44-48.Bao Z,Feng Y C,Jiao L,et al.Characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5and PM10in Hangzhou[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2010,26(2):44-48.
[27]丁祥.云南高原典型固定燃烧源烟气排放颗粒物组分特征研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2017.16-18.Ding X.Study on the characteristics of emission for chemical components in particulate matter from typical fixed combustion source in Yunnan plateau[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2017.16-18.
[28]Zhan G,Guo Z C.Basic properties of sintering dust from iron and steel plant and potassium recovery[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(6):1226-1234.
[29]温杰,杨佳美,李蒲,等.我国典型钢铁行业主要工艺环节排放颗粒物源成分谱特征[J].环境科学,2018,39(11):4885-4891.Wen J,Yang J M,Li P,et al.Chemical source profiles of PMemitted from the main processes of the iron and steel industry in China[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(11):4885-4891.
[30]Guo Y Y,Gao X,Zhu T Y,et al.Chemical profiles of PMemitted from the iron and steel industry in northern China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2017,150:187-197.
[2]华蕾,郭婧,徐子忧,等.北京市主要PM10排放源成分谱分析[J].中国环境监测,2006,22(6):64-71.Hua L,Guo J,Xu Z Y,et al.Analysis of PM10source profiles in Beijing[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2006,22(6):64-71.
[3]Watson J G,Chow J C,Houck J E.PM2.5chemical source profiles for vehicle exhaust,vegetative burning,geological material,and coal burning in Northwestern Colorado during 1995[J].Chemosphere,2001,43(8):1141-1151.
[4]郑君瑜,王水胜,黄志炯,等.区域高分辨率大气排放源清单建立的技术方法与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.216-231.
[5]Chow J C,Watson J G,Kuhns H,et al.Source profiles for industrial,mobile,and area sources in the big bend regional aerosol visibility and observational study[J].Chemosphere,2004,54(2):185-208.
[6]Yatkin S,Bayram A.Determination of major natural and anthropogenic source profiles for particulate matter and trace elements in Izmir,Turkey[J].Chemosphere,2008,71(4):685-696.
[7]Vega E,Mugica V,Reyes E,et al.Chemical composition of fugitive dust emitters in Mexico City[J].Atmospheric Environment,2001,35(23):4033-4039.
[8]马召辉,梁云平,张健,等.北京市典型排放源PM2.5成分谱研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(12):4043-4052.Ma Z H,Liang Y P,Zhang J,et al.PM2.5profiles of typical sources in Beijing[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(12):4043-4052.
[9]吴虹,毕晓辉,冯银厂,等.天津市大气颗粒物源成分谱特征研究[A].2013中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集(第五卷)[C].昆明:中国环境科学学会,2013.4812-4818.
[10]郑玫,张延君,闫才青,等.上海PM2.5工业源谱的建立[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(8):1354-1359.Zheng M,Zhang Y J,Min C Q,et al.Establishing PM2.5industrial source profiles in Shanghai[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(8):1354-1359.
[11]张丹,周志恩,张灿,等.重庆市主城区PM2.5污染源源成份谱的建立[J].三峡环境与生态,2011,33(5):14-18.Zhang D,Zhou Z E,Zhang C,et al.The PM2.5source profile in the Chongqing urban areas[J].Environment and Ecology in the Three Gorges,2011,33(5):14-18.
[12]Ho K F,Lee S C,Chow J C,et al.Characterization of PM10and PM2.5source profiles for fugitive dust in Hong Kong[J].Atmospheric Environment,2003,37(8):1023-1032.
[13]叶宏,陈军辉,孙蜀,等.四川省环境污染防治技术水平与绩效评估(2016)-大气污染防治卷[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2017.28-33.
[14]Chen Y,Xie S D,Luo B,et al.Characteristics and origins of carbonaceous aerosol in the Sichuan Basin,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,94:215-223.
[15]郝吉明,段雷,易红宏,等.燃烧源可吸入颗粒物的物理化学特征[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.72-77,151-164.
[16]李超,李兴华,段雷,等.燃煤工业锅炉可吸入颗粒物的排放特征[J].环境科学,2009,30(3):650-655.Li C,Li X H,Duan L,et al.Emission Characteristics of PM10from coal-fired industrial boiler[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(3):650-655.
[17]陆炳,孔少飞,韩斌,等.燃煤锅炉排放颗粒物成分谱特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(11):1928-1933.Lu B,Kong S F,Han B,et al.Source profile of TSP and PM10from coal-fired boilers[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(11):1928-1933.
[18]王书肖,赵秀娟,李兴华,等.工业燃煤链条炉细粒子排放特征研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(4):963-968.Wang S X,Zhao X J,Li X H,et al.Emission characteristics of fine particles from grate firing boilers[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(4):963-968.
[19]李松,郎建垒,程水源,等.典型固定燃烧源颗粒物成分谱特征研究[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(5):312-319.Li S,Lang J L,Cheng S Y,et al.Analysis of the profiles'characteristic features of the particulate matters in regard to the stationary coal combustion sources[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2016,16(5):312-319.
[20]徐健,黄成,李莉,等.长三角地区中小燃煤锅炉PM2.5成分谱特征[J].环境科学,2018,39(4):1493-1501.Xu J,Huang C,Li L,et al.Chemical composition characteristics of PM2.5emitted by medium and small capacity coal-fired boilers in the Yangtze River Delta region[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(4):1493-1501.
[21]朱恒,戴璐泓,魏雅,等.生物质燃烧排放PM2.5中无机离子及有机组分的分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(12):4483-4491.Zhu H,Dai L H,Wei Y,et al.Characteristics of inorganic ions and organic components in PM2.5from biomass burning[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(12):4483-4491.
[22]宋兴飞,朱少飞,黄兵,等.生物质燃烧过程中氯及钾析出特性研究[J].太阳能学报,2015,36(10):2543-2547.Song X F,Zhu S F,Huang B,et al.Study of emission characteristics of chlorine and potassium in biomass combustion[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2015,36(10):2543-2547.
[23]刘刚,黄柯,李久海,等.树木模拟燃烧排放烟尘中水溶性离子的组成[J].环境科学,2016,37(10):3737-3742.Liu G,Huang K,Li J H,et al.Chemical composition of watersoluble ions in smoke emitted from tree branch combustion[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(10):3737-3742.
[24]于清章,吴霁虹,郭积铖.高氯化聚乙烯防腐涂料在防腐领域中的应用[J].涂料工业,2010,40(8):63-65.Yu Q Z,Wu Q H,Guo J C.Application of high chlorinated polyethylene coatings in corrosion protection[J].Paint&Coatings Industry,2010,40(8):63-65.
[25]孙英明,吴建会,马咸,等.烧结工艺颗粒物中水溶性离子排放特性分析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(8):2270-2274.Sun Y M,Wu J H,Ma W,et al.Emission characteristics of water-soluble ions in the particulate matters from sintering process[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(8):2270-2274.
[26]包贞,冯银厂,焦荔,等.杭州市大气PM2.5和PM10污染特征及来源解析[J].中国环境监测,2010,26(2):44-48.Bao Z,Feng Y C,Jiao L,et al.Characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5and PM10in Hangzhou[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2010,26(2):44-48.
[27]丁祥.云南高原典型固定燃烧源烟气排放颗粒物组分特征研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2017.16-18.Ding X.Study on the characteristics of emission for chemical components in particulate matter from typical fixed combustion source in Yunnan plateau[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2017.16-18.
[28]Zhan G,Guo Z C.Basic properties of sintering dust from iron and steel plant and potassium recovery[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(6):1226-1234.
[29]温杰,杨佳美,李蒲,等.我国典型钢铁行业主要工艺环节排放颗粒物源成分谱特征[J].环境科学,2018,39(11):4885-4891.Wen J,Yang J M,Li P,et al.Chemical source profiles of PMemitted from the main processes of the iron and steel industry in China[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(11):4885-4891.
[30]Guo Y Y,Gao X,Zhu T Y,et al.Chemical profiles of PMemitted from the iron and steel industry in northern China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2017,150:187-197.
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