川北米仓山山前带碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学及盆山演化意义
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摘要
米仓山前缘的碎屑岩沉积记录了四川盆地北缘造山带的构造演化信息,是研究四川盆地与北缘和西缘造山带盆-山耦合关系的理想对象。本文根据米仓山南缘中生界陆相地层中的碎屑锆石定年,分析了晚三叠世以来米仓山南缘碎屑岩物源的变化,并探讨了米仓山及其邻区印支期以来的构造演化过程。研究表明,上三叠统的碎屑锆石存在221～438Ma、732～959Ma、1618～2192Ma和2210～2526Ma四组年龄峰值,其中后两组年龄峰值所占比例最大,推测其物源主要来自华北板块南缘和北秦岭,指示华北与华南板块碰撞初期,秦岭造山带未完全阻挡北部物源。从下侏罗统开始碎屑锆石出现720～820Ma的年龄峰值,而且比例越来越高,推测其物源主要来自南秦岭和扬子北缘,指示此时秦岭已经隆起成山,阻隔了北部物源,同时汉南-米仓和龙门山成为川北地区的主要物源区。下白垩统碎屑锆石存在155～600Ma、725～910Ma、1716～1982Ma和2389～2779四组年龄峰值,总体表现比较分散,是典型多物源混合的结果,推测主要物源来自南秦岭和龙门山地区的古生代-中生代的再旋回沉积岩。根据物源变化,结合沉积中心迁移和其他构造年代学证据,可以看出四川盆地北缘的汉南-米仓山在晚三叠世未隆升出地表,早侏罗世开始由南秦岭向南前展式隆升,隆升一直延续到晚侏罗世,早白垩世随着四川盆地周缘造山带强烈的陆内造山,米仓山前缘接受了包括南秦岭、扬子北缘早期沉积岩和龙门山、松潘褶皱带在内的多物源沉积物供给。
The clastic rocks in the piedmont zone of the Micang Mountain recorded the tectonic evolution of the orogenic belt and the northern margin of the Sichuan Basin, which is an ideal object for studying basin-mountain coupling relationship between the Sichuan Basin and the northern and western margins of the orogenic belt. Based on detrital zircon dating of the Mesozoic strata on the southern margin of the Micang Mountain, the provenance change of clastic rocks since the Late Triassic has been analyzed, and the tectonic evolution of the Micang Mountain and its adjacent areas since Indosinian has been studied. Our results showed four peak ages for detrital zircon from the upper Triassic, including 221 – 438 Ma, 732 – 959 Ma, 1618 – 2192 Ma, and 2210 – 2526 Ma. Among them, the last two peak ages accounted for the largest proportion, indicative of a provenance of the southern margin of the North China Craton and the North Qinling terrain. A North China Craton provenance indicates that rise of the Qinling orogenic belt did not completely stop the northern source at the beginning of the collision between the South and North China Blocks. Since the beginning of the Early Jurassic, detrital zircon with peak age of 720 – 820 Ma appears and its proportion gradually increases, implying that the sediments sourced mainly from the South Qinling and the northern margin of the Yangtze Block, which means that uplift of the Qinling Orogenic Belt blocked the northern provenance. At the same time, the Hannan-Micang and Longmen Mountains became the main provenance areas for the Northern Sichuan Basin. Four groups of detrital zircon peak age in the Lower Cretaceous can be recognized, including 155 – 600 Ma, 725 – 910 Ma, 1716 – 1982 Ma and 2389 – 2779 Ma. The peak age distribution is relatively scattered, which is the typical result of multi provenance hybrid. The main source comes from the Paleozoic and Mesozoic recycled sedimentary rocks in the South Qinling and Longmen Mountain. Based on the provenance change, as well as several lines of evidence from sedimentary center migration and other tectonic chronology, we inferred that Micang-Hannan Mountains had not uplifted at the Late Triassic. Uplift of the Micang Mountain began in Early Jurassic and extended to Late Jurassic. With the strong uplift of the peripheral orogenic belts of the Sichuan Basin since Early Cretaceous, the study area accepted supply of many provenances, including the South Qinling, the early sedimentary rocks in the northern margin of the Yangtze Block, the Longmen Mountain, and the Songpan Fold Belt.
The clastic rocks in the piedmont zone of the Micang Mountain recorded the tectonic evolution of the orogenic belt and the northern margin of the Sichuan Basin, which is an ideal object for studying basin-mountain coupling relationship between the Sichuan Basin and the northern and western margins of the orogenic belt. Based on detrital zircon dating of the Mesozoic strata on the southern margin of the Micang Mountain, the provenance change of clastic rocks since the Late Triassic has been analyzed, and the tectonic evolution of the Micang Mountain and its adjacent areas since Indosinian has been studied. Our results showed four peak ages for detrital zircon from the upper Triassic, including 221 – 438 Ma, 732 – 959 Ma, 1618 – 2192 Ma, and 2210 – 2526 Ma. Among them, the last two peak ages accounted for the largest proportion, indicative of a provenance of the southern margin of the North China Craton and the North Qinling terrain. A North China Craton provenance indicates that rise of the Qinling orogenic belt did not completely stop the northern source at the beginning of the collision between the South and North China Blocks. Since the beginning of the Early Jurassic, detrital zircon with peak age of 720 – 820 Ma appears and its proportion gradually increases, implying that the sediments sourced mainly from the South Qinling and the northern margin of the Yangtze Block, which means that uplift of the Qinling Orogenic Belt blocked the northern provenance. At the same time, the Hannan-Micang and Longmen Mountains became the main provenance areas for the Northern Sichuan Basin. Four groups of detrital zircon peak age in the Lower Cretaceous can be recognized, including 155 – 600 Ma, 725 – 910 Ma, 1716 – 1982 Ma and 2389 – 2779 Ma. The peak age distribution is relatively scattered, which is the typical result of multi provenance hybrid. The main source comes from the Paleozoic and Mesozoic recycled sedimentary rocks in the South Qinling and Longmen Mountain. Based on the provenance change, as well as several lines of evidence from sedimentary center migration and other tectonic chronology, we inferred that Micang-Hannan Mountains had not uplifted at the Late Triassic. Uplift of the Micang Mountain began in Early Jurassic and extended to Late Jurassic. With the strong uplift of the peripheral orogenic belts of the Sichuan Basin since Early Cretaceous, the study area accepted supply of many provenances, including the South Qinling, the early sedimentary rocks in the northern margin of the Yangtze Block, the Longmen Mountain, and the Songpan Fold Belt.
引文
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何政伟,刘援朝,魏显贵,肖渊甫,马润则,吴德超.1997.扬子克拉通北缘米仓山地区基底变质岩系同位素地质年代学.矿物岩石,17(S1):83-87.
胡健民,崔建堂,孟庆任,赵长缨.2004.秦岭柞水岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义.地质论评,50(3):323-329.
雷永良,贾承造,李本亮,陈竹新,石昕.2009.上扬子西部地区新生代构造活动的低温热年代学特征.地质科学,44(3):877-888.
李怀坤,陆松年,陈志宏,相振群,周红英,郝国杰.2003.南秦岭耀岭河群裂谷型火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学.地质通报,22(10):775-781.
李瑞保,裴先治,刘战庆,李佐臣,丁仨平,刘智刚,张晓飞,陈国超,陈有炘,王学良.2010.大巴山及川东北前陆盆地盆山物质耦合--来自LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学证据.地质学报,84(8):1118-1134.
凌文黎,高山,欧阳建平,张本仁,李惠民.2002.西乡群的时代与构造背景:同位素年代学及地球化学制约.中国科学(D辑),32(2):101-112.
刘少锋,张国伟,程顺有,姚安平.1999.东秦岭?大别山及邻区挠曲类盆地演化与碰撞造山过程.地质科学,34(3):336-346.
刘树根,李智武,曹俊兴,刘顺,邓宾,王国芝.2009.龙门山陆内复合造山带的四维结构构造特征.地质科学,44(4):1151-1180.
刘树根,罗志立,赵锡奎.2003.中国西部盆山系统的耦合关系及其动力学模式--以龙门山造山带?川西前陆盆地系统为例.地质学报,77(2):177-186.
沈传波,梅廉夫,徐振平,汤济广.2007.四川盆地复合盆山体系的结构构造和演化.大地构造与成矿学,31(3):288-299.
沈中延,肖安成,王亮,郭璟,魏国齐,张林.2010.四川北部米仓山地区下三叠统内部不整合面的发现及其意义.岩石学报,26(4):1313-1321.
孙东,刘树根,邓宾,李智武,钟勇,黄耀宗,谢志良.2011.米仓山与龙门山接合部叠加褶皱特征及构造演化.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),38(2):156-168.
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