合理密植条件下种植模式对棉花生长结铃和产量的影响
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摘要
文章以研究合理密植条件下优化种植模式为突破点,以促进棉花增产和机械化种植为目标,设置了密度为75 000株·hm~(-2),行距依次为80 cm(Ⅰ)、75 cm(Ⅱ)、70 cm(Ⅲ)、(100+50) cm(Ⅳ)4种种植模式,以密度45 000株·hm~(-2)、行距80cm(CK)的种植模式为对照,研究了不同处理对棉花生长、结铃和产量的影响。结果表明,不同处理对棉花株高、茎粗无显著影响,而对果枝台数、结铃性等影响较大。处理Ⅱ、Ⅳ的果枝台数、单株成铃数、单位面积总成铃数、单位面积籽棉产量和总生物量均高于处理Ⅰ、Ⅲ。由此表明,黄河流域棉花机械化种植的合理种植模式以密度75 000株·hm~(-2)条件下的100 cm+50 cm大小行种植和75 cm等行距种植模式较为适宜。该结果可为黄河流域机械化植棉以及实现高产再高产提供参考依据。
In this paper, the breakthrough point is to study the optimal planting pattern under the condition of reasonable density planting, and the goal is to promote cotton yield and mechanization planting. The test controlled with 4.5 plants/hm~2, set 4 treatments of the planting density of 75 000 plants/hm~2, and the line widths were 80 cm(Ⅰ), 75 cm(Ⅱ), 70 cm(Ⅲ) and(100 +50) cm(Ⅳ), investigating the growth, boll and yield under different dealings. The results showed that the different treatments had no significant influence on the height of the plant and the thickness of the stem, but the influences to the numbers of fruit branches and the boll setting were more important. Branches, boll numbers, total boll numbers, cotton yield per unit area and total biomass in treatmentⅡ, Ⅳ were higher than Ⅰand Ⅲ, Boll's expulsion ratio and rot rate in treatment Ⅰ, Ⅲ were higher. The experimental results showed that the planting modes of(100+50)cm and 75 cm were reasonable. This experiment provided some references for the mechanized planting and the realization of higher yield in the Yellow River basin.
In this paper, the breakthrough point is to study the optimal planting pattern under the condition of reasonable density planting, and the goal is to promote cotton yield and mechanization planting. The test controlled with 4.5 plants/hm~2, set 4 treatments of the planting density of 75 000 plants/hm~2, and the line widths were 80 cm(Ⅰ), 75 cm(Ⅱ), 70 cm(Ⅲ) and(100 +50) cm(Ⅳ), investigating the growth, boll and yield under different dealings. The results showed that the different treatments had no significant influence on the height of the plant and the thickness of the stem, but the influences to the numbers of fruit branches and the boll setting were more important. Branches, boll numbers, total boll numbers, cotton yield per unit area and total biomass in treatmentⅡ, Ⅳ were higher than Ⅰand Ⅲ, Boll's expulsion ratio and rot rate in treatment Ⅰ, Ⅲ were higher. The experimental results showed that the planting modes of(100+50)cm and 75 cm were reasonable. This experiment provided some references for the mechanized planting and the realization of higher yield in the Yellow River basin.
引文
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[4] 赵黎明,李明,郑殿峰,顾春梅,那永光,解保胜.灌溉方式与种植密度对寒地水稻产量及光合物质生产特征的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):159-169
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[14] 史加亮.行株距配置和密度对棉花生长发育及产量品质的影响[D].山东农业大学硕士专业学位论文,2017年6月
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[16] 李建峰,梁福斌,陈厚川,王聪,张旺锋,康鹏.棉花机采模式下株行距配置对农艺性状及产量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(8):1390-1396
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[18] 刘郁娜,陈飞虎,胥新强,张巨松,徐文修,张永强.杏棉间作田间配置对棉花生长发育及棉铃时空分布的影响[J]. 棉花学报,2013,25(1):37-44
[19] 潘献涛,万素梅.枣棉间作中利用光合数据筛选棉花种植模式[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(5):79-85
[20] 杨秀理,朱江,李鲁华.株行距配置方式对棉花不同层次干物质积累的影响[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2006,24(4):401-405
[21] 王娟,江天才,万素梅.不同间作种植模式对棉花生长发育及品质影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(5):58-62
[22] 蒲云,江天才,翟云龙,万素梅.不同种植模式对间作棉花产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].塔里木大学学报,2015,27(4):70-77
[23] 杜祥备. 麦棉两熟种植模式对棉花产量品质形成和资源利用效率的影响[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2014年11月
[24] 周永萍,田海燕,杜海英,葛朝红,燕建召,孙辉,师树新.种植密度对棉花生长结铃和产量品质的影响[J].作物杂志,2017(4):84-88
[25] 魏鑫,徐建辉,张巨松.种植模式对机采棉干物质积累及品质的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(7):1177-1184
[26] 李建峰.机采模式下株行距配置对棉花冠层特征及成铃特性的影响[D].石河子大学硕士学位论文,2016年6月
[27] 闫志顺,王润清,高山,邓永贵.不同配置方式对棉花生长发育及产量的影响的研究[J].塔里木农垦大学学报,2004,16(2):16-19
[28] 周永萍,杜海英,田海燕,葛朝红,燕建召,孙辉,师树新.不同种植密度对棉花生长结铃及产量品质的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(4):95-99
[2] 吕新,张伟,曹连莆.不同密度对新疆高产棉花冠层结构光和特性和产量形成的影响[J].西北农业学报,2005,14(1):142-148
[3] 张旺锋,王振林,余松烈,李少昆,房建,童文崧.种植密度对新疆高产栋花群体光合作用、冠层结构及产量形成的影响[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(2):164-171
[4] 赵黎明,李明,郑殿峰,顾春梅,那永光,解保胜.灌溉方式与种植密度对寒地水稻产量及光合物质生产特征的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):159-169
[5] 段鹏飞,杜明伟,徐东永,李召虎,田晓莉.密度和日照对冀中地区棉花产量和纤维品质的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2013,36(4):1-6
[6] Dai J, Li W, Tang W, Zhang D, Li Z, Lu H, A.Egrinya Eneji, Dong H. Manipulation of dry matter accumulation and partitioning with plant density in relation to yield stability of cotton under intensive management[J]. Field Crops Research, 2015, 180: 207-215
[7] Nehra P L, Nehra K C, Kumawat P D. Performance of Bt cottonhybrids at different spacings in canal command area of north-western Rajasthan[J]. Journal of Cotton Research and Development, 2004, 18(2): 189-190
[8] 董合忠,李维江,李振怀,唐薇,张冬梅.棉花营养枝利用的研究[J].棉花学报,2003,15(5):313-317
[9] Bednarz C W, Shurley W D, Anthony W S, Nichols R L. Yield, quality, and profitability of cotton produced at varying plant densities[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2005, 97: 235-240
[10] Dong H Z, Li W J, Tang W, Zhang D M, Li Z H. Effects of genotypes and plant density on yield, yield components and photosynthesis in Bt transgenic cotton[J]. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 2006, 192: 132-139
[11] Dong H Z,Li W J,Tang W,Zhang D M,Li Z H. Yield,quality and leaf senescence of cotton grown at varying planting dates and plant densities in the Yellow River Valley of China[J]. Field Crops Research, 2006, 98: 106-115
[12] 卢合全,李振怀,董合忠,李维江,唐薇,张冬梅.黄河流域棉区高密度垄作对棉花的增产效应[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(19):4018-4026
[13] 卢合全,赵洪亮,于谦林,董合忠.鲁西南麦套杂交棉适宜种植密度研究[J].山东农业科学, 2011(9): 27-29
[14] 史加亮.行株距配置和密度对棉花生长发育及产量品质的影响[D].山东农业大学硕士专业学位论文,2017年6月
[15] 刘双方,江天才,王宝全,万素梅.不同种植模式对间作棉花生长发育和产量的影响[J].塔里木大学学报,2016,28(1):72-76
[16] 李建峰,梁福斌,陈厚川,王聪,张旺锋,康鹏.棉花机采模式下株行距配置对农艺性状及产量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(8):1390-1396
[17] 李建峰,王聪,梁福斌,陈厚川,田景山,康鹏,张旺锋.新疆机采模式下棉花株行距配置对冠层结构指标及产量的影响[J]. 棉花学报,2017,29(2):157-165
[18] 刘郁娜,陈飞虎,胥新强,张巨松,徐文修,张永强.杏棉间作田间配置对棉花生长发育及棉铃时空分布的影响[J]. 棉花学报,2013,25(1):37-44
[19] 潘献涛,万素梅.枣棉间作中利用光合数据筛选棉花种植模式[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(5):79-85
[20] 杨秀理,朱江,李鲁华.株行距配置方式对棉花不同层次干物质积累的影响[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2006,24(4):401-405
[21] 王娟,江天才,万素梅.不同间作种植模式对棉花生长发育及品质影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(5):58-62
[22] 蒲云,江天才,翟云龙,万素梅.不同种植模式对间作棉花产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].塔里木大学学报,2015,27(4):70-77
[23] 杜祥备. 麦棉两熟种植模式对棉花产量品质形成和资源利用效率的影响[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2014年11月
[24] 周永萍,田海燕,杜海英,葛朝红,燕建召,孙辉,师树新.种植密度对棉花生长结铃和产量品质的影响[J].作物杂志,2017(4):84-88
[25] 魏鑫,徐建辉,张巨松.种植模式对机采棉干物质积累及品质的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(7):1177-1184
[26] 李建峰.机采模式下株行距配置对棉花冠层特征及成铃特性的影响[D].石河子大学硕士学位论文,2016年6月
[27] 闫志顺,王润清,高山,邓永贵.不同配置方式对棉花生长发育及产量的影响的研究[J].塔里木农垦大学学报,2004,16(2):16-19
[28] 周永萍,杜海英,田海燕,葛朝红,燕建召,孙辉,师树新.不同种植密度对棉花生长结铃及产量品质的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(4):95-99